外源性H_2S恢复老龄大鼠心肌缺血后适应对I/R损伤的缓解作用

目的探讨外源性硫化氢(H_2S)恢复缺血后适应(PC)对老龄大鼠心肌的保护作用及相关机制。方法将青年和老龄大鼠随机分别分为对照组、缺血/再灌注(I/R)组和PC组,老龄大鼠另加Na HS干预组。用Langendorff离体灌流装置,复制大鼠心肌I/R损伤和PC模型。比色法测定冠脉流出液LDH、CK活性和心肌组织匀浆SOD活性、MDA含量及H_2S产率;透射电镜检测心肌超微结构;TTC染色测定心肌梗死面积;TUNEL染色检测心肌细胞凋亡;Western blot检测caspase-3、caspase-9、Bcl-2及胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)的表达。结果无论青年还是老龄大鼠,与对照组比较,I/R降低H_2S产率、SOD活性和CSE表达,增加LDH和CK活性、MDA含量、心肌损伤、细胞凋亡、心肌梗死面积、caspase-3、caspase-9及Bcl-2的表达(P0.01);与I/R组比较,青年大鼠的PC减轻I/R损伤及细胞凋亡(P0.01),而老龄大鼠的PC丧失了对心肌的保护作用;外源性H_2S恢复了老龄大鼠的PC对I/R损伤的保护作用。结论外源性H_2S能够恢复老龄大鼠PC对心肌的保护作用,其机制与抗氧化、清除自由基、抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

miR-214-5p靶向PAK4对缺血再灌注大鼠的心肌损伤和免疫反应的调节作用

目的:探讨微小RNA-214-5p(miR-214-5p)靶向p21活化蛋白激酶4(PAK4)对缺血再灌注(I/R)大鼠的心肌损伤和免疫反应的作用。方法:将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组、I/R组、Ad-Scramble组和Ad-miR-214组(n=9)。在大鼠左心室前壁6个不同的位点注入腺病毒;4 d后,缝合左前部下行冠状动脉构建I/R模型。RT-qPCR检测miR-214的表达水平,HE染色观察心肌损伤,ELISA检测心肌损伤标志物(CK-MB、Mb和cTnI)和炎症因子(IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α)的水平,流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,试剂盒检测MDA含量和SOD活性,基因软件预测靶基因并通过双萤光素酶报告验证,Western blot检测caspase-3、caspase-9、Bcl-2、Bax、PAK4、p-Akt和p-mTOR表达水平。结果:miR-214在I/R大鼠心肌细胞中低表达(P<0.01);miR-214-5p过表达减轻I/R大鼠心肌损伤程度,下调CK-MB、Mb和cTnI表达,降低心肌细胞凋亡率,上调Bcl-2表达,下调Bax、caspase-3和caspase-9表达,提高SOD活性,降低MDA、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的含量(P<0.01);miR-214-5p与PAK4在3’-UTR存在结合位点,miR-214-5p过表达上调PAK4、p-Akt和p-mTOR表达(P<0.01)。结论:miR-214-5p过表达靶向PAK4减轻I/R大鼠的心肌损伤,并抑制心肌细胞凋亡、氧化应激反应和炎症反应,同时激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路。     

缺血后处理抑制缺血再灌注大鼠心肌内质网应激相关凋亡

目的:研究缺血后处理(I-postC)对缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠心肌组织Caspase-12和CHOP(CEBP Homologous Protein)的影响,从内质网应激角度探讨I-postC抑制I/R心肌细胞凋亡的机制。方法:采用Wistar大鼠在体心脏I/R模型,以TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,并检测血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK-MB)含量及心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,免疫印迹法检测心肌组织Caspase-12、CHOP、Bcl-2和Bax表达。结果:I-postC显著抑制I/R所致的心肌细胞凋亡(较I/R组低74.3%,P<0.01),上调Bcl-2表达(较I/R组高53.2%,P<0.05)并抑制Bax表达上调(较I/R组低46.1%,P<0.05);与I/R组比较,I-postC组心肌细胞LDH和CK-MB漏出减少(分别较I/R组低37.6%和34.3%,P<0.01),心肌组织MDA含量降低(较I/R组低38.4%,P<0.05),SOD活性上调(较I/R组高18.3%,P<0.05);I-postC抑制I/R所诱导的Caspase-12活化和CHOP表达上调(分别较I/R组低41.7%和33.3%,P<0.01)。结论:I-postC通过抑制Caspase-12活化和CHOP过表达,减轻内质网应激相关凋亡,保护大鼠I/R心肌。     

丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠心功能和免疫反应的调节作用

目的　本文研究丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液（Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate,TIIA）对心肌缺血再灌注（ischemia-reperfusion,I/R）大鼠心功能和免疫反应的调节作用及其机制。 方法　采用冠状动脉结扎法建立心肌缺血再灌注大鼠模型;随机分成5组：Ctrl组、I/R组、I/R+TIIA（0.5 mL）组、I/R+TIIA（1 mL）组和I/R+TIIA（2 mL）组;测定平均动脉压（mean ventricular systolic pressure,MAP）、左室收缩压（left ventricular systolic pressure,LVSP）和心率（heart rate,HR）;采集血清Elisa检测心损标记物表达水平和氧化应激指标含量;HE染色和TUNEL染色观察心肌损伤情况;流式分选外周血CD4+iNOS+,CD4+IL-10+凋亡变化;蛋白印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白和P65、IL-8及TNF-α表达情况。 结果　丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液能上调MAP、HR和LVSP水平以改善I/R模型大鼠心功能(P＜0.01);降低血清中CK-MB、cTnΙ和Mb的表达上调;减少MDA、LDH表达,增加SOD水平;改善心肌组织的病理改变,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,上调Bcl-2、下调Bax蛋白表达(P＜0.01);减少iNOS+和增加IL-10+细胞凋亡而改善Th1/Th2平衡(P＜0.01);抑制P-P65、IL-8和TNF-α的表达下调(P＜0.01)。 结论 丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制与改善心功能,调节免疫反应有关。     

丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠心功能和免疫反应的调节作用

目的　本文研究丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液（Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate,TIIA）对心肌缺血再灌注（ischemia-reperfusion,I/R）大鼠心功能和免疫反应的调节作用及其机制。 方法　采用冠状动脉结扎法建立心肌缺血再灌注大鼠模型;随机分成5组：Ctrl组、I/R组、I/R+TIIA（0.5 mL）组、I/R+TIIA（1 mL）组和I/R+TIIA（2 mL）组;测定平均动脉压（mean ventricular systolic pressure,MAP）、左室收缩压（left ventricular systolic pressure,LVSP）和心率（heart rate,HR）;采集血清Elisa检测心损标记物表达水平和氧化应激指标含量;HE染色和TUNEL染色观察心肌损伤情况;流式分选外周血CD4+iNOS+,CD4+IL-10+凋亡变化;蛋白印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白和P65、IL-8及TNF-α表达情况。 结果　丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液能上调MAP、HR和LVSP水平以改善I/R模型大鼠心功能(P＜0.01);降低血清中CK-MB、cTnΙ和Mb的表达上调;减少MDA、LDH表达,增加SOD水平;改善心肌组织的病理改变,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,上调Bcl-2、下调Bax蛋白表达(P＜0.01);减少iNOS+和增加IL-10+细胞凋亡而改善Th1/Th2平衡(P＜0.01);抑制P-P65、IL-8和TNF-α的表达下调(P＜0.01)。 结论 丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制与改善心功能,调节免疫反应有关。     

右美托咪定减轻氧化应激改善H9C2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤

目的 探讨右美托咪定减轻氧化应激改善H9C2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的作用。方法 H9C2心肌细胞随机分为三组,正常对照组（Control）、缺氧/复氧组（H/R）、Dex（5 μmol/L）干预H/R组。Dex干预H/R组先用Dex预处理6 h后,再经缺氧/复氧处理。检测各组细胞培养基中LDH的含量,CCK-8法检测各组H9C2心肌细胞的存活率,试剂盒检测caspase-3活性,试剂盒检测MDA的含量和SOD活性。结果 与Control组相比,H/R组细胞活力降低,培养基中LDH含量增加,caspase-3活性增加,MDA含量升高而SOD活性降低,统计学意义显著（P＜0.01）;Dex预处理提高H/R处理后的细胞活力,减少LDH含量和caspase-3活性,降低MDA含量,增加SOD活性,统计学意义显著（P＜0.01）。结论 Dex可通过减轻氧化应激改善H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤。     

异丙肾性心肌梗死大鼠钙敏感受体的表达和凋亡通路的变化

目的：观察钙敏感受体（CaSR）在异丙肾性心肌梗死大鼠的表达和凋亡通路的变化。方法: 采用连续2 d大剂量异丙肾上腺素（200 mg/kg）皮下注射制备大鼠心肌梗死模型。Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组（control）;异丙肾上腺素1 d组(ISO/1d);异丙肾上腺素2 d组（ISO/2d）。采用RT-PCR和Western blotting分别观察CaSR、bax、〖STBX〗bcl-2〖STBZ〗、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达;TUNEL染色观察心肌细胞凋亡情况;光镜和电镜分别观察心肌形态学和超微结构变化;紫外分光法检测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,电化学免疫发光法检测肌钙蛋白（cTnT）水平。结果: 与正常组比较,ISO/1d组：LDH 和CK活性、cTnT水平和MDA含量、细胞凋亡指数以及CaSR、Bax和caspase-3的表达均达高峰,同时SOD活性降低,Bcl-2表达减少,心肌细胞超微结构损伤严重;ISO/2d的心肌损伤指标较ISO/1d组有所减轻。结论: CaSR表达增多可能参与了异丙肾性大鼠心肌梗死的发生,其机制与氧化应激和细胞凋亡有关。     

抗衰老Klotho蛋白减轻大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤

目的:观察抗衰老Klotho蛋白对大鼠乳鼠原代心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤的作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:建立大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞H/R模型,并将心肌细胞分为正常对照组、H/R模型组和不同浓度(0.1μmol/L、1μmol/L和10μmol/L)Klotho作用H/R组。观察各组心肌细胞H/R前后搏动频率变化,利用MTT方法检测细胞存活率;测定各组心肌细胞H/R后LDH、CK、AST的漏出量及MDA含量、SOD活性;流式细胞术检测各组心肌细胞的凋亡率;real-time PCR检测各组心肌细胞中内质网应激标记及凋亡相关分子GRP78、CRT和CHOP和caspase-12 mRNA的表达情况;Western blot法检测心肌细胞内内质网应激凋亡蛋白CHOP和caspase-12蛋白表达及Akt磷酸化水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,H/R模型组中心肌细胞搏动频率和细胞存活率显著下降,细胞凋亡率显著升高(P0.05);LDH、CK、AST和MDA含量升高而SOD活性显著降低(P0.05);GRP78、CRT、CHOP和caspase-12 mRNA表达显著增高(P0.05);CHOP和caspase-12蛋白表达随之增高而Akt的磷酸化水平显著降低(P0.05)。与H/R模型组相比,抗衰老Klotho蛋白作用H/R心肌细胞后,心肌细胞搏动频率和细胞存活率显著升高,细胞凋亡率逐渐降低(P0.05),LDH、CK、AST和MDA含量下降而SOD活性显著增高(P0.05),GRP78、CRT、CHOP和caspase-12 mRNA的表达逐渐降低(P0.05),CHOP和caspase-12蛋白表达也随之降低,而Akt磷酸化水平显著增加(P0.05)。结论:抗衰老Klotho蛋白能够提升H/R损伤后心肌细胞的存活率,抑制细胞凋亡,通过抵抗氧化应激和过度内质网应激反应发挥作用,并与激活Akt磷酸化有关。     

酸枣叶总黄酮通过调控HIF-1α表达减轻大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的：观察酸枣叶总黄酮（FZSL）对大鼠缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤心肌的影响,并探讨该作用是否由其调节低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)的表达所介导。方法：60只Wistar大鼠随机分为6组：假手术（sham）组,I/R组,低、中、高剂量（50、100和200 mg/kg）FZSL组,以及HIF-1α抑制剂YC-1(20 mg/kg)+FZSL(200 mg/kg)组,每组10只。结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支,缺血30 min后再灌注3 h制备大鼠心肌I/R模型。采用TTC染色法测定大鼠心肌缺血面积和梗死面积;化学比色法检测大鼠血清肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性;ELISA法检测血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α及心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）的含量;酶活性检测法测定心肌组织caspase-3的活性;Western blot检测心肌组织HIF-1α蛋白表达。结果：与sham组相比,I/R组大鼠心肌发生显著梗死,血清LDH和CK活性,血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量,以及心肌组织MDA含量和caspase-3活性均显著增加（P<0.01...     

去甲肾上腺素和缺血预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究去甲肾上腺素预处理(NE-P)和缺血预处理(IP)对大鼠缺血再灌注(I/R)心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法:复制缺血再灌注损伤(IRI),采用末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡;应用免疫组化SABC法检测Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果:I/R组凋亡细胞较多,NE-P组及IP组凋亡细胞明显少于I/R组(P＜0.01)。在I/R组Bcl-2的表达少而Bax的表达较多,NE-P组及IP组Bcl-2的表达明显高于I/R组(P＜0.01),而Bax的表达明显低于I/R组(P＜0.01)。NE-P组与IP组各指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论:NE-P可抑制I/R诱发的心肌细胞凋亡,Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达在心肌凋亡的发生中起重要作用。NE-P与IP两者对心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响的作用相近。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.