脑内结核瘤34例临床分析

目的提高对脑内结核瘤的诊断及治疗水平.方法总结近20年来收治的脑内结核瘤患者34例,其中保守治疗组23例,手术治疗组11例.结果保守治疗组除2例因治疗后复查病情无明显改变而转手术外,余21例均获痊愈,手术治疗组全部手术成功.结论随着头颅CT及MRI等广泛应用,结合脑内结核瘤的一般特点,多数脑内结核瘤患者治疗前可作出诊断,且多数患者可经保守治愈,手术治疗者应严格掌握手术指征.     

多发性脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附4例报告)

目的探讨多发性脑结核瘤的临床特点及诊疗方案。方法回顾性分析4例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果多发性脑结核瘤多以头痛、呕吐等颅内高压症状为主要临床表现,可伴随发热及癫痫发作,常伴有颅外结核。4例患者均给予四联抗结核治疗,其中3例联合鞘内注射,临床疗效显著。结论多发性脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床表现、影像学检查、脑脊液化验及抗结核疗效等综合分析,对临床疑似病例,应积极试验性正规抗结核治疗,必要时手术摘除病灶,联合鞘内注射异烟肼及地塞米松可能取得更好的疗效。     

脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附17例报告)

目的探讨脑结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2011年6月17例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果依据结核病史或身体其他部位结核病灶,颅内压增高、癫痫和/或伴有脑膜刺激征等临床表现,头颅CT或MR呈现"靶征"样表现者,结合脑脊液等检查,12得以明确诊断,5例术前误诊为其他病变术后病理证实为结核瘤。17例患者中手术切除病灶11例,其中6例术前得以明确诊断;另6例采用药物治疗,病灶多可在1～3个月内缩小,3～12个月内消失。所有患者行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访3个月至1.5年未见复发。结论脑结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。     

不伴脑膜炎的脑结核瘤临床诊治分析(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的:为提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果:该例患者脑内结核瘤呈粟粒样分布,累及大脑、小脑和脑干。抗结核治疗后病灶缩小、数目明显减少。结论:结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查及抗结核疗效进行综合判定。药物治疗需正规、长疗程。     

脑结核瘤28例诊治分析

目的　为了提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法　回顾性分析 2 8例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像、诊断治疗经过和预后。结果　所有病例均确诊为脑结核瘤 ,其中 9例术前误诊为脑肿瘤。手术治疗 2 2例 ,术前、术后均正规抗结核药物治疗 ,并动态监测头部影像 ;预后良好 2 0例、遗留不同程度神经功能障碍 6例、死亡 2例。结论　脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像特点、实验室检查、抗结核疗效进行综合分析 ,对于可疑病例 ,可试行强化抗结核治疗后 ,采取手术或活检明确诊断。治疗上首先正规抗结核药物治疗 ,必要时手术     

脑结核瘤的临床分析及文献回顾

目的 :分析脑结核瘤的临床特点 ,提高临床诊断准确率及治疗效果。方法 :结合文献对 1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 :该例脑内结核瘤粟粒样分布 ,病灶多达 15个以上 ,同时累及大脑、小脑及脑干 ,抗结核治疗后病灶缩小 ,数目明显减少。结论 :脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床特点、影像学表现及抗痨效果综合判定。药物治疗是有效的 ,但需长程、规则。     

颅内结核瘤的临床与MRI特点分析

目的为提高颅内结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平.方法10年来共收治32例颅内结核瘤患者,其中手术、立体定向活检术及尸检证实8例,抗结核治疗有效24例,全部病例均行头颅MRI扫描.结果32例脑结核瘤MRI显示单发25例,多发7例,共发现46个病灶,不同类型的结核瘤MRI表现各异,不同类型结核瘤对抗结核药物的反应不同.结论MRI可以明确诊断典型的脑结核瘤,并能帮助提高鉴别诊断水平.     

中枢神经系统结核瘤的手术治疗

目的分析中枢神经系统结核瘤的临床特点,探讨中枢神经系统结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗水平。方法回顾性分析11例中枢神经系统结核瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及手术疗效。结果11例结核瘤均通过手术全切除,病理检查证实为结核瘤,术前误诊为脑脓肿2例,脑胶质瘤1例。术后均予正规抗结核药物治疗。除1例死亡外,其余10例治愈出院。10例随访2年,遗有偏瘫3例,癫痫发作1例,其他病例可正常生活。结论中枢神经系统结核瘤临床上常缺乏特征性表现,对于诊断不明确的病例,应积极手术治疗。手术一般能完整切除瘤体,效果满意。     

16例脑内多发结核瘤的临床分析

目的提高脑内多发结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾分析我院收治的16例脑内多发结核瘤患者的临床表现、腰穿脑脊液结果、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果多数患者以发热、头痛起病,意识障碍2例,癫痫发作1例,眼外肌麻痹7例,偏瘫3例,脑膜刺激征6例,合并血行播散型肺结核1例,腰穿压力升高13例,蛋白升高12例,氯化物降低10例,糖降低8例,脑脊液常规白细胞升高9例,细胞学混合细胞反应4例,淋巴-单核细胞反应3例。头部MRI示颅内多发结节灶,增强可见均匀闭环强化,可见典型"靶征"。16例患者均行四联规范抗结核治疗,治愈15例,死亡1例。结论综合分析患者临床表现、脑脊液结果和影像学表现基本可明确诊断,抗结核治疗有效可进一步确诊。     

重度颅脑损伤致脑中心疝的外科治疗

目的探讨双额叶脑挫裂伤并发生脑中心疝诊断及治疗方法,以利于提高重度颅脑损伤的治疗效果。方法病例选自2008年6月至2013年6月河北大学附属医院神经外科,双额颞脑挫裂伤并发脑中心疝患者126例。全组病人采取包括手术在内的综合治疗,手术采取双侧去颅骨骨瓣减压术及内减压。间脑期手术63例,生存54例,非间脑期手术49例,生存例36;手术112例,生存93例,保守治疗14例,存活2例;进行病例分析,探讨脑中心疝的诊断及治疗。结果手术治疗组的生存率高于保守治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑中心疝间脑期手术治疗组的生存率高于非间脑期手术治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论要高度重视脑中心疝诊疗,加强间脑期的监护,可取得较好的治疗效果。     

脑结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗

目的提高脑结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗水平.方法回顾性分析14例脑结核瘤的临床表现、诊断方式和手术疗效.结果13例全切除,1例全切加减压,术后均予正规的抗结核药物治疗.除1例死亡外,其余全部治愈出院.结论脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析.在严格掌握适应证的情况下,手术治疗效果良好.     

颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 进一步提高对颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法 对7例颅内结核瘤的临床特点、CT和MRI的改变进行回顾性分析。结果 7例中5例全切,2例部分切除,术后给予正规抗结核治疗,全部治愈。结论 对于不能确诊的病例行手术切除或活检可明确诊断,对其治疗应制定正确的方案,避免延误治疗。     

颅内结核瘤的诊治及误诊分析

目的 探讨颅内结核瘤的诊治及误诊原因。方法回顾性分析24例颅内结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果24例中13例行显微外科手术,2例行立体定向活检术并经病理证实,术后均给予正规抗结核治疗;9例经抗结核保守治疗有效。11例术前未考虑结核瘤,误诊率为46％。结论 临床病史结合辅助检查多可确诊颅内结核瘤。手术治疗辅以术后正规抗结核治疗,预后良好。颅内结核瘤临床表现无特征性,影像学特征不典型,是常常导致误诊的主要原因。     

Central nervous system tuberculoma

The aim of this study was to outline the clinicoradiological features of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculoma, and highlight the importance of early treatment. We conducted a retrospective analysis between 1999 and 2008. Clinicoradiological, pathological and follow-up data of 23 patients were reviewed and analysed. The mean age at presentation was 30.3 years (range=17-43 years), and the average disease duration at presentation was six months (range=1-19 months). The tuberculoma location in the cohort was: thoracic region (10 patients); cervical region (six), cervicothoracic region (three); thoracolumbar region (one); and intracranial (six); three patients (13%) had multiple lesions. Nineteen (82.6%) and 15 (65.2%) patients had sensory-motor and bowel/bladder involvement, respectively. Two patients presented with headache and consciousness disturbance, and two patients had a history of pulmonary Koch's disease. Five patients had a history of tuberculous meningoencephalitis, and one patient had a history of enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Twenty-one patients underwent surgery, and two received conservative treatment; all patients received anti-tuberculosis therapy for 18 months. Seventeen of the 21 surgical patients and both conservatively managed patients achieved improved neurological function (with Karnofsky Performance Scale scores of 90-100). Patients presenting at an advanced disease stage had a poorer outcome. CNS tuberculoma is a benign condition with a good prognosis and effective therapy options. Enhanced brain and spine MRI should be performed to ensure the diagnosis is not missed. Early surgical decompression is recommended for intramedullary tuberculoma. Craniotomy is indicated for patients with intracranial hypertension, while more conservative therapy is appropriate for patients who have intracranial tuberculomas without intracranial hypertension.     

A case report of multiple intracranial tuberculoma associated with miliary tuberculosis and review of the literature

We reported a case of multiple intracranial tuberculoma associated with miliary tuberculosis and reviewed the cases reported as intracranial tuberculoma in the past 11 years. A 41-year-old diabetic man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of miliary tuberculosis and respiratory insufficiency. On admissIon, he had no neurological deficits except mild consciousness disturbance due to respiratory failure. He developed headache and mental confusion three weeks after the beginning of antituberculous therapy with isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Neurological examination revealed that he had progressive right hemiparesis and was in a confusional state. Enhanced CT showed multiple intracranial nodular lesions. During 6 weeks, he had progressive neurological manifestations in spite of his initial antituberculous treatment. He responded well, however, to the chemotherapy with combination of isoniazid, kanamycin, pyrazinamide and ethionamide that were sensitive to tuberculous bacilli separated from his sputum. He became minimally right-hemiparetic by 6 weeks after the change of antituberculous medication. Serial enhanced CT scan proved to be of great value in the diagnosis and follow-up study of intracranial tuberculoma. From 1978 to 1988, there were 72 reported cases of intracranial tuberculoma in Japan; 37 were male, 32 were female and 3 were uncertain because of no detailed document. The age of onset was distributed from 6 month to 81 years in age and 2 peaks were seen in the second decade and fifth to seventh decade. Thirty-three (48%) out of 69 cases had multiple intracranial lesions. A few reports commented that neurological complications tended to appear even if they were under antituberculous therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

颅脑损伤后迟发性张力性气颅13例临床分析

目的 探讨颅脑损伤后迟发性张力性气颅的临床表现、发病机制与治疗方法.方法 选取本院收治的13例颅脑损伤后迟发性张力性气颅患者,其中2例行保守治疗,其余均行急诊钻孔排气术.对治疗无效的4例患者行开颅血肿清除术.颅内感染2例患者行细菌培养并做药敏试验,根据药敏试验选择合理的抗生素治疗.结果 所有患者治疗1～4周后颅内积气均完全吸收.出院后随访3个月,无复发.结论 颅脑损伤后张力性气颅重在预防,通过头颅CT扫描、MRI等影像学定期检查,明确疾病的严重情况后采取合适的对症治疗手段可获得良好治疗效果.     

多发性颅内动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨多发性颅内动脉瘤的诊断、手术时机和显微手术方法。方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2003年3月至2007年10月期间40例确诊为多发性颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果36例行显微手术夹闭治疗，其中治愈或良好26例，轻残5例，重残2例，死亡3例；1例行血管内栓塞治疗；2例保守治疗；1例放弃治疗。结论CT、MRA、CTA可为多发性颅内动脉瘤的诊断提供重要的信息，DSA仍然是诊断多发性颅内动脉瘤的金标准。显微手术夹闭是多发性颅内动脉瘤的一种成熟、可靠和有效的治疗方法。     

颅内结核瘤的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨颅内结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001-01-2011-06我院收治的17例颅内结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果临床表现结合CT/MRI及实验室检查,17例患者中12例（70.6%）得以明确诊断,手术切除病灶11例,其中5例（29.4%）术前误诊为脑肿瘤或脑脓肿,所有患者均行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访无复发。结论颅内结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。