硬质耳模声学特性的研究

目的：研究硬质耳模在助听器调节中的作用。方法;在其它条件不变的情况下．对同一耳不同长度的耳模,改变其声孔、气孔形状、口径及加用阻尼等进行测量．井对其声学特性进行分析。结果：通过调节耳模的特性可改善助听器的频响效果．还能避免声反溃。结论：选配助听器同时注意硬质耳膜的科学选配。     

耳内式助听器的特性

目的：观察耳内式助听器在无输出的情况下,耳廓对耳内式助听器麦克风口的声学因素的影响。方法：应用ＦＯＮＩＸ－６５００－真耳介入增益测试系统分别测试耳内式助听器全甲腔式（ＩＴＣ）和深耳道式（ＣＩＣ）麦克风口处常用位和可能用位的声增益、共振峰最高值及共振峰值所处频率。结果：ＩＴＥ、ＩＴＣ和ＣＩＣ麦克风口声增益分别为５．９４～６．４６、６．９０～９．２５和８．８２～９．１５ｂＢ（ＳＰＬ）,３种款式耳内式助     

声学造影剂的制备方法研究

为筛选适宜的心肌声学造影剂制备条件，本文采用析因分析方法研究了声振强度、声处理时间、声处理溶液对造影剂微泡浓度、直径的影响。结果表明：１．三者对微泡浓度及大小均有显著影响，且各制备条件间交互作用明显；２．进口声振仪９档６０秒声振处理５％白蛋白溶液是较为理想的声学造影剂制备条件。     

耳内式助听器的特性

目的 :观察耳内式助听器在无输出的情况下 ,耳廓对耳内式助听器麦克风口的声学因素的影响。方法 :应用FONIX -6500-C真耳介入增益测试系统分别测试耳内式助听器全甲腔式(ITE)、耳道式(ITC)和深耳道式(CIC)麦克风口处常用位和可能用位的声增益、共振峰最高值及共振峰高峰值所处频率。结果 :ITE、ITC和CIC麦克风口声增益分别为5.94～6.46、6.90～9.25和8.82～9.15dB(SPL) ,3种款式耳内式助听器共振峰高峰值为17.71～23.00dB ,共振峰最高峰值所处频率为4733～5638Hz。结论 :耳内式助听器由于耳廓的影响 ,可增强助听器的助听效果 ,提高言语的可懂度和分辨率。     

经静脉途径左心声学造影的临床研究

经周围静脉注射声振人白蛋白溶液对９例患者行左心声学造影的临床试验，结果表明：本组造影剂微泡直径４．２±２．４μｍ，小于红细胞，平均肺转运时间５．９±１．９ｓ，与生理转运时间相当，能安全通过肺循环。１６次造影过程中左室显影１３次，其中显影强度≥２级共１１次（占６８．８％）。左室显影效果与经静脉注入造影剂剂量有关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。全部病例均未见心肌显影。     

畸变产物耳声发射与临床应用

耳声发射（otoacousticemissions，OAE）是一种客观的非损伤的耳蜗功能检查法，OAE测试能反映耳蜗外毛细胞及传音结构的功能状态。本文介绍了耳声发射的类型及其特点，详细介绍了畸变产物耳声发射，结合笔者在临床应用实践，介绍了畸变产物耳声发射测试的优越性及临床应用和意义。     

胃肠内容物声学特性测定及其对HIFU治疗深腹部肿瘤时的影响

目的：探索胃肠内容物的声学特性及超声波经过胃肠内容物的衰减规律。方法：以胃内食物团块,小肠乳糜及四种类型粪便各10份样本为介质,测定超声波通过介质产生的延迟及衰减,求得声速,声阻抗及衰减系数。结果：胃肠内容物对超声波的传导具有很大的影响,结论：在进行腹腔内肿瘤HIFU治疗前必须进行充分的清理胃肠内容物准备。     

软耳模材料鼻前庭部分堵闭术治疗萎缩性鼻炎疗效观察

选取收治的萎缩性鼻炎患者45例,随机分为观察组22例与对照组23例。观察组患者采用软耳模材料鼻前庭部分堵闭术进行治疗,对照组患者采用迎香穴埋线的治疗方式。观察组总有效率为100.00%,对照组为73.91%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。采用软耳模材料鼻前庭部分堵闭术治疗萎缩性鼻炎效果显著,有效提高患者的临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

小鼠畸变产物耳声发射的特性

目的：研究小鼠畸变产物耳声发射特性。方法：出生18～30d的雄性C57BL/6小鼠，以输入-输出曲线为表达方式，记录f2为5kHz、6kHz、7kHz和8kHz4个频率时，DPOAE强度为0dBSPL时所给L1的强度；L1/L2=55/45dB、65/55dB、75/65dB时，获得DPOAE强度；及DPOAE增长斜率。结果：当L1/L2=75/65dB时，4个频率DPOAE强度分别为为0.00±5dB、5.35±5dB、6.34±5dB和16.12±4dB；当L1/L2=65/55dB时，为-7.35±4dB、2.80±4dB、3.06±3dB和7.17±4dB；当L1/L2=55/45dB时，为-10.39±2dB、-0.66±4dB、-1.88±4dB和-1.99±5dB。当DPOAE强度为0dBSPL时，4个频率所上L1的强度分别为3.54±5dB、57.31±8dB、58.89±7dB和57.04±4dB。4个频率的DPOAE增长斜率分别为0.88±0.3、0.36±0.2、0.50±0.2和0.93±0.2。结论：当诱发音强度固定时，诱发音频率越高，引出的DPOAE的强度越大；当诱发音频率固定时，DPOAE的强度随着诱发音强度的增加而增加。频率越高，DPOAE幅值随诱发音强度增大而线性增长的速度越快。I/O曲线存在多样性，简单采用单一斜率并不能反映耳蜗功能。     

耳声发射在新生儿听力筛查中的应用研究

目的:探讨瞬态声诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)在新生儿听力筛查中的应用及听力损伤与疾病的关系.方法:将正常足月新生儿997例和同期新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)的新生儿241例分别使用手持式耳声发射仪进行听力跟踪筛查.结果:正常新生儿组TEOAE检查总通过率99.20%,8例未通过者经听性脑干反应(ABR)检查,1例(0.10%)确定为不正常;NICU组TEOAE检查总通过率92.53%,18例未通过者经ABR检查,10例(4.15%)确定为不正常.两组新生儿听力损伤发生率分别为0.10%和4.15%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:TEOAE应用于新生儿听力筛查有客观、无创、快捷、方便等优点,对新生儿听力筛查准确性和可靠性的提高有重要意义.     

Gd-DTPA增强MRI对听神经瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨Gd-DTPA增强MRI对听神经瘤的诊断价值。材料与方法:搜集经手术、病理证实的26例听神经瘤的MRI表现,其中5例为微小听神经瘤。全部病例均作了Gd-DTPA增强扫描。结果:本组26例听神经瘤中,5例肿瘤局限于内听道内。MRI表现为:①T1WI显示患侧第Ⅶ、Ⅷ神经束局部结节状增粗,呈稍低信号;②T2WI肿瘤呈稍高信号。③注射Gd-DTPA增强扫描呈明显均匀结节状强化。另21例为大的听神经瘤。MRI表现为:①肿瘤主体在桥小脑角区,T1WI呈稍低或稍低、低混杂信号,T2WI呈高信号或稍高、高混杂信号;②肿瘤以第Ⅶ、Ⅷ神经束为中心生长,患侧第Ⅶ、Ⅷ神经束较对侧增粗,与肿瘤无明确分界,两者信号变化一致;③增强扫描肿瘤实质呈不均强化,囊变区无强化。结论:MRI是诊断听神经瘤的有效方法,Gd-DTPA增强扫描对微小听神经瘤尤为重要。     

Evaluation of acoustic properties of the live human smooth-muscle cell using scanning acoustic microscopy

This study was performed to measure the acoustic propagation speed in live human aortic smooth-muscle cells (HASMC), using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and a novel measurement theory that permits the measurement of the acoustic propagation speed in biological samples of unknown thickness. C-mode and X–Z-mode images of HASMC under three different conditions: growing (G); differential (D); and on hypotonic loading (H), were acquired using 100-MHz, 450-MHz and 600-MHz ultrasound. The images exhibit features related to the cell surface curvature and intracellular structure. The theory supporting the methodology is derived in this article and makes use of the interference fringes within the focusing lens of the high-frequency transducer. The propagation speed in the cells was calculated from the location of the interference fringe on the C-mode images and the fringe shift on the X–Y-mode images with 450-MHz ultrasound. The propagation speed in D (1624 ± 16 m/s) was significantly higher than those in G (1571 ± 14 m/s, p < 0.05) and H (1585 ± 8 m/s, p < 0.05). Scanning acoustic microscope measurements, along with the described theory, are useful for studying the acoustic properties of live cells ex vivo and have applications in both pathophysiology and biomechanics.     

超声声影宽度测量肾结石大小的初步研究

目的 以非增强CT测值为“金标准”,对比研究肾结石大小的超声测值与声影测值的准确性,评估结石后方声影宽度测量肾结石大小的可行性。方法 回顾性分析49例患者51个肾结石的超声报告、超声图像及非增强CT图像,以CT测值为标准,比较超声测值、声影测值与CT测值之间的关系。结果 51个结石,CT测值平均为（8.3±4.6）mm,超声测值平均为（10.1±4.3）mm,(超声测值-CT测值)的平均差值为（1.8±2.0）mm,其中≤5 mm组平均差值最大为(2.5±1.6）mm。≤10mm结石超声测值与CT测值差值具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,>10mm结石超声测值与CT测值差值无统计学意义（P=0.289）。14个结石后方无明显声影,其中9个（64.3%）结石≤5 mm。 37个结石后方具有声影,≤10 mm结石声影测值比超声测值更接近CT测值,差别具有统计学意义（P<0.05） 结论 超声直接测量结石会高估结石大小,尤其对于小结石。结石后方声影宽度测量对于提高超声测量结石大小的准确性有一定的价值,但尚需进一步证实。     

Significance of acoustic field for the myocardial opacification by intravenous contrast echocardiography

Purpose: Myocardial opacification is not always homogeneous even in a normal heart. The aim of this study is to clarify why myocardial opacification is faint at the lateral side of the field or at the part far from the focus point.Methods: In canine study, videointensity of the opacification at septal and lateral walls of the short axis view was examined by using both electric and mechanical transducers. In in vitro study, acoustic pressure at several points away from the beam direction was measured using a hydrophone in a water tank. In particular, the effect of position of focus point was evaluated with an electronic transducer.Results: In canine experiment, myocardial opacification of the lateral wall was faint with the electronic transducer, however the mechanical one obtained homogeneous opacification. In vitro, using the electronic type the acoustic pressure was low as the beam shifted, laterally, whereas it was almost uniform in the mechanical type. With the electronic type, moreover, the beam width at the near field was not sharp when the focus point was far, resulting in execessive acoustic pressure.Conclusion: To obtain homogeneous opacifiction, a homogeneous acoustic field is indispensable.     

Headache after resection of acoustic neuroma

Long-lasting severe headaches are reported to occur in up to 83% of patients who have undergone resection of acoustic neuroma, especially through a suboccipital approach. These headaches, however, are not well defined. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and character of new-onset headaches after resection of acoustic neuroma by a suboccipital approach with cranioplasty. Review of the medical record was followed by a telephone interview with 48 patients (67% female; mean age, 52 years) who had undergone resection of an acoustic neuroma through a suboccipital craniotomy during the 2 years before the study. Of the 48 patients, 58% had post-operative head pain that lasted more than 7 days and could be categorized into two types. A moderate to severe, short-term head pain with gradual resolution occurred in 35% of the patients, and a mild, unremitting pain was reported by 23%. Both types of pain had a dull ache or pressure quality and were adjacent to or confined to the incisional area. Overall, 77% of the patients were pain-free within 4 months after operation. Age, sex, tumor size, or preoperative history of headache did not influence development of the postoperative pain.
We found that new-onset headache after resection of acoustic neuroma by a suboccipital approach with cranioplasty is much less common than previously reported and is best described as mild incisional pain rather than a severe headache. The literature regarding headaches after different surgica1 approaches for acoustic neuroma resection is reviewed, and possible explanations for development of the pain are discussed.     

囊性听神经瘤CT诊断1例

患者,女,27岁,自感面部不适,脑CT检查(图1):左侧桥小脑角区一大小约5.0 cm×3.5 cm×3.5 cm的囊实性占位,外缘边界清晰,其内实质部分大小约2.0 cm×1.0 cm×2.0 cm(箭头),病灶压迫脑干及左侧小脑半球,第四脑室受压变形,左侧桥小脑脚池消失,左侧内听道扩大.经手术病理证实为听神经瘤,囊壁组织都是由典型的Schwann细胞组成,而无特异性的其他细胞.     

声学定量技术评价左室功能

我们利用声学定量技术非选择性检查了门诊病人５５例，其中４８／５５例（８５％）病人可取得理想结果。启用纵向增益调节功能后可利用ＡＱ技术对约９０％的病人进行心功能测量。初步结果表明，利用ＡＱ技术所测左室收缩与舒张末面积、容量及射血分数与相同方法脱机手工测值高度相关（ｒ＝０．８５～０．９８，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。该法快速而简便，一次测量可获得连续数个心动周期的几个心功能参数，便于普及。     

听神经瘤的微血管计数与血管内皮因子表达及其临床意义

目的　通过检测听神经瘤的微血管计数（ＭＶＣ）与血管内皮因子（ＶＥＧＦ）表达，探讨二者之间的关系及其在临床上的意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学（Ｓ－Ｐ）方法，检测８７例听神经瘤组织中Ｍ　ＶＣ与ＶＥＧＦ表达，结果进行ｘ２检验分析。结果ＭＶＣ、ＶＥＧＦ表达与肿瘤直径大小无相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５），与肿瘤生长速度呈明显正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＶＥＧＥＦ表达与ＭＶＣ之间呈明显正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＭＶＣ与ＶＥＧＦ表达能够反映听神经瘤的生长情况，并为制定肿瘤的治疗方案和判断预后提供重要的信息。     

Visualizing pacemaker-induced phrenic nerve stimulation with acoustic cardiography

This case study illustrates that acoustic cardiography--a simple non-invasive test--can be applied in any diagnostic setting as well as during biventricular pacemaker implantation to ensure that the pacemaker settings are not leading to phrenic nerve stimulation.