长期吸入丙酸氟替卡松对支气管哮喘患者肾上腺皮质功能的影响

目的　评价长期吸入丙酸氟替卡松 (FP)对哮喘患者肾上腺皮质功能的影响。方法非急性发作期支气管哮喘患者 80例 ,中度 42例 ,重度 38例。使用FP治疗前 1周为筛选期 ,测定早晨 8时血浆皮质醇。中度患者吸入FP气雾剂 50 0 μg/d ,重度患者吸入FP 750 μg/d。治疗期至少 1年以上。治疗结束时测定FEV1 %与PEF ,同时测定早晨 8时的血浆皮质醇。结果　吸入FP50 0 μg/d组治疗前、后早晨 8时血浆皮质醇值分别为 (1 0 8 5± 50 7) μg/L和 (1 0 3 8± 48 1 ) μg/L(P >0 0 5) ;吸入FP 750 μg/d组分别为 (1 0 2 4± 48 6) μg/L和 (1 0 0 5± 51 4) μg/L(P >0 0 5)。两组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。两组患者吸入FP 1年后血浆皮质醇值均在正常范围内。结论　长期吸入FP 50 0 μg/d和 750 μg/d对于中、重度哮喘患者均可达到有效的治疗效果 ,而对肾上腺皮质功能无明显的抑制作用     

哮喘儿童嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白含量变化与其肺功能的关系

采用 Pharmacia Uni CAP系统检测 2 5例哮喘患儿急性发作期及 17例治疗后血及诱导痰嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白 ( ECP)的含量 ,计数静脉血嗜酸粒细胞 ( Eos) ,测定肺通气功能 FEV1 。结果 :急性发作期哮喘血 Eos( 0 .2 75± 0 .2 63)× 10 9/L 较正常升高 ( 0 .0 68± 0 .0 2 8)× 10 9/L,P<0 .0 1;血 ECP浓度 ( 16.0 9± 13.68μg/L)高于正常对照和治疗后 ( 3.78±1.77μg/L;4.2 4± 2 .5 6μg/L) ,P<0 .0 1。发作期痰液 ECP浓度 ( 78.68± 5 3.95 μg/L)明显高于治疗后 ( 2 2 .5 4± 15 .83μg /L) ,P<0 .0 1。哮喘患儿血 Eos计数与血 ECP浓度存在显著正相关 r=0 .5 716,P<0 .0 1;与痰 ECP浓度无相关 r=0 .2 792 ,P>0 .0 5。血、痰 ECP含量与FEV1 呈显著负相关 r=-0 .430 9、-0 .40 5 0 ,P均 <0 .0 5。提示 ECP在哮喘气道炎症机理中起作用 ,是临床评价哮喘活动的指标之一     

IL-8 IL-17与支气管哮喘发病关系的研究

目的　探讨白介素 - 8(IL - 8)及白介素 - 17(IL - 17)在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法　搜集 30例支气管哮喘急性发作期患者治疗前后及其缓解期和 2 0例健康者的静脉血 ,离心后取血清 ,采用酶联免疫吸附实验 (ELISA)法测定血清中IL - 8、IL - 17的浓度 ,同时测定出所有受试者 (急性期治疗前后、缓解期、正常人 )外周血中性粒细胞计数。结果　支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血清IL - 8浓度 (70 1 5 3± 12 1 34)pg/L与缓解期 (2 2 8 5 3± 5 7 5 8)pg/L及对照组 (2 0 2 87± 31 14 )pg/L比较 ,均有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血清IL - 17浓度 (76 0 1± 4 35 )pg/L与缓解期 (2 0 85± 3 6 8)pg/L及对照组 (16 30± 3 0 8)pg/L比较 ,均有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。支气管哮喘急性发作期患者外周血白细胞计数 (12 34±2 9)× 10 9/L与缓解期 (5 9± 1 39)× 10 9/L及对照组 (3 87± 0 83)× 10 9/L比较 ,均有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。支气管哮喘急性发作期患者治疗后 ,血清IL - 8浓度 (4 2 2 6 7± 88 9)pg/L明显低于治疗前 ;血清IL -17浓度 (4 4 0 2± 4 82 )pg/L也明显低于治疗前。血清IL - 8、IL - 17浓度与外周血中性粒细胞计数呈正相关(γ =0 6 34、γ =0 5 94 )。     

哮喘患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1和白细胞介素-8的变化及意义

目的　探讨可溶性细胞间黏附分子 -1(sICAM -1)和白细胞介素 -8(IL -8)在哮喘发病中的作用。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附试验测定 3 0例哮喘和 2 0例健康对照组血清sICAM -1和IL -8。结果　急性发作期哮喘患者血清sICAM -1和IL -8明显高于缓解期哮喘患者及对照组〔sICAM分别为 (3 47 81± 81 2 3 ) μg/L ,(2 2 4 85± 17 1) μg/L ,(2 0 4 5 5± 2 7 43 ) μg/L ,P =0 0 0 0 ;IL -8分别为 (2 6 78± 16 19)ng/L ,(5 3 8± 4 7)ng/L ,(3 63± 0 5 3 )ng/L ,P =0 .0 0 0〕 ,而缓解期哮喘患者与对照组无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　研究结果提示可溶性细胞间黏附分子 -1和白细胞介素 -8可能参与了哮喘急性发作期的发病过程。     

哮喘儿童治疗前后血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白水平的变化

目的 :探讨嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白 (ECP)在儿童哮喘发病中的作用。方法 :采用 Pharm acia U ni CAP系统检测 2 5例哮喘患儿急性发作期及 17例治疗后血清 ECP的含量 ,计数静脉血嗜酸粒细胞 ,测定肺通气功能 FEV1 。结果 :急性发作期哮喘血嗜酸粒细胞 (0 .2 75± 0 .2 6 3)× 10 9/ L 较正常升高 (0 .0 6 8± 0 .0 2 8)× 10 9/ L,P <0 .0 1;血清 ECP浓度 (16 .0 9± 13.6 8) μg/L 高于正常对照和治疗后 (3.78± 1.77) μg/ L;(4 .2 4± 2 .5 6 ) μg/ L,P <0 .0 1。哮喘患儿血嗜酸粒细胞计数与血 ECP浓度存在显著正相关 (r =0 .5 716 ,P <0 .0 1)。血清 ECP含量与 FEV1 呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 .430 9,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :ECP在哮喘气道炎症机制中起作用 ,反映哮喘活动情况 ,是临床评价哮喘嗜酸细胞炎症的参考指标之一     

支气管哮喘患者血清ECP检测的临床意义

目的　探讨激素治疗对哮喘患者血清ECP水平的影响。方法　应用荧光酶标法测定正常人及发作期哮喘患者应用激素治疗前后及缓解期哮喘患者血清ECP水平的变化。结果　正常人ECP含量为 4 82± 3 39μg/L ;35例哮喘患者急性发作期治疗前ECP含量为 2 4 4 6± 34 0 μg/L ;治疗后ECP含量为 8 4 3± 5 4 2 μg/L ;4 5例缓解期哮喘患者ECP含量为 11 2 4±4 36 μg/L。哮喘患者急性发作期 ,缓解期血清ECP水平均高于正常人 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。 结论　血清ECP含量可以作为监测哮喘抗炎治疗的一个指标。     

异丙酚与依托咪酯诱导对血浆皮质醇浓度的影响

目的　观察异丙酚与依托咪酯诱导对肾上腺皮质功能的影响。方法　在 2 0例择期手术麻醉的患者中分别对 2 m g/kg异丙酚与 0 .3 m g/kg依托咪酯诱导时血浆皮质醇浓度的变化进行观察。结果　异丙酚组给药后 2 h血浆皮质醇浓度由 (30 8.7± 2 7.4) nm ol/L降至 (2 6 7.7± 31.2 ) nm ol/L ,5 h后升高至 (4 0 0 .2± 2 6 .9) nm ol/L ,2 4h后恢复至给药前水平为 (30 6 .4± 35 .4) nm ol/L ;依托咪酯组给药后 2 h血浆皮质醇浓度由 (30 9.1± 36 .6 ) nm ol/L降至 (115 .9± 2 9.7) nm ol/L ,5 h时维持在 (171.1± 34.7) nm ol/L ,2 4h后恢复至给药前水平为 (311.8± 46 .2 ) nm ol/L。结论　异丙酚诱导对肾上腺皮质功能影响小 ,依托咪酯诱导则造成短暂的肾上腺皮质功能抑制。     

非哮喘性慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者吸入糖皮质激素临床观察

目的 :研究中等剂量布地奈德短疗程吸入治疗非哮喘性慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者生活质量及肺功能改善情况。方法 :按照随机、对照的设计 ,6 0例非哮喘性COPD患者分二组 ,给予布地奈德 80 0 μg/d与安慰剂治疗 8周 ,治疗前、后测定肺功能一秒钟用力呼气容积 (FEV1)、用力肺活量 (FVC)、最大呼气流速 (PEF)、最大呼气流速日变异率 (VPEF)以及记录生活质量调查记分。结果 :治疗组 30例非哮喘性COPD患者生活质量均明显改善 (治疗前 1.8± 0 .4分 ,治疗后 2 .2± 0 .3分 ) ;FEV1提高显著 (治疗前 1.2± 0 .3L ,治疗后 2 .1± 0 .7L) ,但FVC(治疗前 2 .1± 0 .2L ,治疗后2 .1± 0 .18L)、PEF(治疗前 2 .18± 0 .2 9L/S ,治疗后 2 .17± 0 .2 9L/S)、VPEF(治疗前 50± 9% ,治疗后 4 9± 9% )均无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5)。对照组 30例治疗前、后各项指标无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :对于非哮喘性慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者 ,短期吸入布地奈德 ,可以提高生活质量 ,改善肺功能。     

扎鲁司特对哮喘患者肺功能和生命质量的影响

目的 :探讨扎鲁司特对哮喘患者肺功能和生命质量的影响及能否减少糖皮质激素的吸入剂量。方法 :哮喘急性发作期患者随机分为扎鲁司特 +半量布地奈得 (普米克 )治疗组及全量布地奈得治疗组。测定患者清晨呼吸峰流速 (PEF) /PEF预计值 %及昼夜PEF变异率 % (△PEFR % )。哮喘非急性发作期患者在常规治疗的基础上加用扎鲁司特 2 0mg每天 2次 ,一月后评价清晨、傍晚PEF及生命质量变化。结果 :①扎鲁司特 +半量布地奈得吸入治疗组 ,其清晨PEF/PEF预计值 % ,△PEFR %分别高于或低于全量布地奈得吸入治疗组 ,1～ 2天起效 ,约 2周达高峰 ,持续4周以上 ,但差异均无显著性 (均P >0 .0 5 ) ;②扎鲁司特提高哮喘非急性发作期患者的清晨和傍晚PEF值并改善生命质量。结论 :扎鲁司特改善哮喘急性发作期患者的通气功能和减少糖皮质激素的吸入剂量 ;改善哮喘非急性发作期患者的通气功能及生命质量     

肺心病急性发作期肝功能损害242例临床分析

目的 :探讨肺心病急性发作期肝功能状况。方法 :对 2 4 2例肺心病急性发作期患者肝功能进行检测。结果 :肺心病急性发作期约 30 %患者存在不同程度肝功能损害 ,约1 3%患者肝功能衰竭 ,各项指标分别为 :ALT62 .0± 91 .9U/L,AST77.5± 1 5 6.5 U/L,TBIL 1 7.3± 1 5 .5 μmol/L,DBIL 6.5 8± 8.60 μmol/L,TP63.8± 7.76g/L,Alb34.6± 5 .78g/L,A/G1 .2 5± 0 .37,TBA1 5 .6± 1 8.62 μmol/L,各项指标异常检出率由高至低依次为A/G74.4%、Alb48.8%、AST34.8%、TP30 .1 %、ALT2 8.9%、DBIL2 8.6%、TBIL2 7.7%、TBA2 2 .7%。结论 :肺心病急性发作期在加强原发病治疗同时 ,积极进行肝功能监测 ,并予以保肝治疗具有重要意义     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.