全髋关节表面置换治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良与近期疗效

[目的]探讨全髋关节表面置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的疗效、安全性和有效性。[方法]2005年5~6月,对12例成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者13个髋关节进行全髋关节表面置换术。男性4例,女性8例;年龄30~59岁,平均47岁,所有患者均为半脱位型。髋臼侧采用真臼位置重建,为非骨水泥固定,股骨头假体采用骨水泥固定。[结果]手术时间平均110 m in,术中失血平均387 m l,术后引流量平均200 m l,肢体延长平均9 mm(术前短缩平均14 mm)。所有患者切口均一期愈合,无感染、股骨颈骨折、脱位、松动、神经血管损伤等并发症。全部随访12~13个月,临床效果满意,平均髋关节活动度屈曲由106.7°增加到120°,外展由25.8°增加到46.4°,外旋由20.8°增加到45°,内旋由3.3°增加到28.6°,Harris评分由术前的平均42分增加到术后的平均96分。X线片显示关节假体位置正常,人工髋臼平均外展角为39°,股骨头中心柄与股骨干夹角平均141°,髋关节旋转中心位置平均下移9 mm,内移11.5 mm。宿主骨对臼杯的平均覆盖率为89.5%,宿主骨与假体之间未见透亮线。[结论]全髋关节表面置换术治疗半脱位型的成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者具有良好的近期疗效和应用前景,其远期疗效及其他类型髋关节发育不良患者的应用还需进一步研究。     

Metal-on-metal joint bearings and hematopoetic malignancy: A review

Abstract

This is a review of the hip arthroplasty era. We concentrate on new metal bearings, surface replacements, and the lessons not learned, and we highlight recent reports on malignancies and joint implants. A low incidence of blood malignancies has been found in bone marrow taken at prosthetic surgery. The incidence is increased after replacement with knee implants that release very low systemic levels of metal ions. A carcinogenic effect of the high levels of metal ions released by large metal-on-metal implants cannot be excluded. Ongoing Swedish implant registry studies going back to 1975 can serve as a basis for evaluation of this risk.     

人工髋关节头颈部磨损的影响因素及临床表现

人工髋关节置换术是目前治疗股骨头坏死、发育性髋关节发育不良等髋关节疾病的主要术式,在减轻病变关节疼痛、改善关节功能方面具有良好的效果。组配式髋关节假体便于调整偏心距和肢体长度,但假体界面间的磨损可导致炎性假瘤、骨溶解等不良反应。探讨髋关节假体界面间的磨损因素有利于改进产品的设计制造理念、提高产品性能,同时可以帮助手术医生优化手术技术、减小人为因素对假体磨损的影响。既往有大量文献探讨了假体头-臼界面间磨损的机制,此界面间磨损的机制已被阐述得相对明确。除头-臼界面外,头-颈界面间的磨损被认为是导致髋关节置换术后关节周围不明原因疼痛、假体松动翻修的另一个主要因素。影响头颈部磨损的因素众多,假体的设计(如假体材料、假体锥度)、手术技术(如击打力度、假体错配)和患者因素(如年龄、性别、活动量)等都对头颈部磨损产生重要影响。头颈部磨损所导致的不良反应也受到了广泛关注。但对头颈部磨损尚无很好的解决方法,因此应通过优化假体设计、提高手术技术、指导患者康复等方法进行预防。通过文献回顾围绕头-颈界面磨损的影响因素及头颈部磨损所导致的临床表现进行分析,旨在提高关节外科医生的认识。     

Metal-on-metal surface hip arthroplasty in patients with abnormal Coxanatomy: preliminary results

The purpose of this study was to evaluate early to intermediate results of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing arthroplasty in patients with abnormal hip anatomy. We evaluated nine MoM hip resurfacing arthroplasty in eight patients with abnormal coxanatomy performed at a district general hospital in the UK between March 1999 and November 2002. One patient had undergone bilateral sequential hip resurfacing procedure. These patients were defined to have abnormal coxanatomy by virtue of previous dysplastic disease of hip in three cases, previous Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, trauma and sepsis in one case each. The mean follow-up was 40.8 months. The mean age at primary operation was 35 years (range: minimum 21 years; maximum 44 years). There were six male and two female patients. There were six right-sided and three left-sided procedures. All patients had satisfactory outcomes. There were no deep infections, dislocations, or femoral neck fractures. Although this is a short series, MoM resurfaced hips with appropriate case selection can yield satisfactory short-term to intermediate-term results in the young and active patients with abnormal hip anatomy.     

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in developmental dysplasia: a case-control study

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing was performed for developmental dysplasia in 96 hips in 85 patients, 78 in women and 18 in men, with a mean age at the time of surgery of 43 years (14 to 65). These cases were matched for age, gender, operating surgeon and date of operation with a group of patients with primary osteoarthritis who had been treated by resurfacing, to provide a control group of 96 hips (93 patients). A clinical and radiological follow-up study was performed. The dysplasia group were followed for a mean of 4.4 years (2.0 to 8.5) and the osteoarthritis group for a mean of 4.5 years (2.2 to 9.4). Of the dysplasia cases, 17 (18%) were classified as Crowe grade III or IV. There were five (5.2%) revisions in the dysplasia group and none in the osteoarthritic patients. Four of the failures were due to acetabular loosening and the other sustained a fracture of the neck of femur. There was a significant difference in survival between the two groups (p = 0.02). The five-year survival was 96.7% (95% confidence interval 90.0 to 100) for the dysplasia group and 100% (95% confidence interval 100 to 100) for the osteoarthritic group. There was no significant difference in the median Oxford hip score between the two groups at any time during the study. The medium-term results of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in all grades of developmental dysplasia are encouraging, although they are significantly worse than in a group of matched patients with osteoarthritis treated in the same manner.     

Metal-on-metal versus polyethylene in hip arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial

A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial was done to evaluate polyethylene versus metal bearing surfaces in total hip replacement. Forty-one patients were randomized to receive either a metal (23 patients) or a polyethylene (18 patients) insert. The femoral and acetabular components were identical with the acetabular insert the only variable. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using radiographs, multiple outcome measures (Western Ontario MacMaster University Score, Harris hip score, Short Form-12), erythrocyte metal ion analysis (cobalt, chromium, titanium), and urine metal ion analysis (cobalt, chromium, titanium). Patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (mean 3.2 years; range, 2.2-3.9 years). There were no differences in radiographic outcomes or outcome measurement tools between patients. Patients receiving a metal-on-metal articulation had significantly elevated erythrocyte and urine metal ions compared with patients receiving a polyethylene insert. Patients who had metal-on-metal inserts had on average a 7.9-fold increase in erythrocyte cobalt, a 2.3-fold increase in erythrocyte chromium, a 1.7-fold increase in erythrocyte titanium, a 35.1-fold increase in urine cobalt, a 17.4-fold increase in urine chromium, and a 2.6-fold increase in urine titanium at 2 years followup. Patients receiving a polyethylene insert had no change in erythrocyte titanium, urine cobalt, or urine chromium and a 1.5-fold increase in erythrocyte cobalt, a 2.2-fold increase in erythrocyte chromium, and a 4.2-fold increase in urine titanium. Forty-one percent of patients receiving metal-on-metal articulations had increasing metal ion levels at the latest followup.     

Role of ceramic implants. Design and clinical success with total hip prosthetic ceramic-to-ceramic bearings.

Ceramic implants have become of great interest because of the increased awareness that wear debris from metal-polyethylene components of total hip prostheses can cause osteolysis around implants. Polyethylene wear rates with the Charnley total hip prosthesis were found to be from 0.1 to 0.2 mm/year in the elderly, which corresponded to 30 to 80 mm3 of polyethylene debris being released to the joint tissues. This in turn can be related to 40 million to 40 billion particles being released into the joint every year. This polyethylene particulate is heavily implicated in the osteolytic destruction of periarticular tissues. The ceramic ball, ceramic cup combination of total hip prostheses may have promise of wear rates that could be thousands of times smaller than polyethylene alone. Such alumina ceramic prosthetic concepts were introduced in Europe from 1970 to 1973. Under Food and Drug Administration regulations at that time, the only U.S. introductions allowed circa 1980 were the Autophor and Xenophor types of ceramic prostheses. However, this particular prosthetic design was not successful in the United States because of pain, neck-socket impingement, ceramic fracture, and component loosening. This did not therefore appear to be a successful compromise in the hands of U.S. surgeons. Ceramic innovations from Europe now include cemented ceramic cups of "matching" tolerances with the femoral ball, and press-fit Ti-alloy acetabular shells with modular ceramic inserts. In addition, alumina and zirconia ceramic balls are now in routine clinical use in Europe. The objectives of this Symposium are to highlight these ceramic ball, ceramic cup innovations with their long-term clinical results from Europe. Then one can evaluate which of these innovations in material and design selections offers the best possible alternatives in the 1990s.     

Metal-on-metal resurfacing of the hip in patients under the age of 55 years with osteoarthritis

The results of conventional hip replacement in young patients with osteoarthritis have not been encouraging even with improvements in the techniques of fixation and in the bearing surfaces. Modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing was introduced as a less invasive method of joint reconstruction for this particular group. This is a series of 446 hip resurfacings (384 patients) performed by one of the authors (DJWM) using cemented femoral components and hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented acetabular components with a maximum follow-up of 8.2 years (mean 3.3). Their survival rate, Oxford hip scores and activity levels are reviewed. Six patients died due to unrelated causes. There was one revision (0.02%) out of 440 hips. The mean Oxford score of the surviving 439 hips is 13.5. None of the patients were told to change their activities at work or leisure; 31% of the men with unilateral resurfacings and 28% with bilateral resurfacings were involved in jobs that they considered heavy or moderately heavy; 92% of men with unilateral hip resurfacings and 87% of the whole group participate in leisure-time sporting activity. The extremely low rate of failure in spite of the resumption of high level occupational and leisure activities provides early evidence of the suitability of this procedure for young and active patients with arthritis.     

Experience with the bipolar prosthesis in hip arthroplasty. A clinical study

Hip arthroplasty using a bipolar prosthesis was performed in 73 patients (75 hips) with femoral neck fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or degenerative arthritis. Bipolar hip arthroplasty is more conservative than conventional total hip arthroplasty, because methyl methacrylate usually is not needed to fix the bipolar prosthesis to bone. Overall results were 67.1% good to excellent, 20.5% fair, and 12.3% poor; among the arthritic patients, the results were 72.9% good to excellent, 19.1% fair, and 8.5% poor. Complications included one deep wound infection and one arterial embolus; no dislocations occurred.     

人工髋关节置换27例临床应用体会

2001年4月～2009年12月,我们行人工髋关节置换治疗股骨头缺血坏死、股骨颈骨折、骨性关节炎患者共27例,疗效满意。     

高龄人工髋关节置换术80例围术期临床护理体会

目的:总结80例高龄人工髋关节置换术患者围术期的临床护理经验。方法:术前解除心理顾虑,做好术前准备,术后注意体位护理,密切观察病情变化及预防各种并发症。结果:80例患者术后均无并发症发生,顺利出院,随访1年,髋关节活动功能良好。结论:人工髋关节置换术需做好手术全过程的护理,尤其是加强术后护理,对巩固手术疗效和促进患者康复至关重要。     

Ilizarov hip reconstruction in skeletally mature young patients with chronic unstable hip joints

Purpose  

Hip reconstruction with subtrochanteric valgus extension pelvic support osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy for lengthening and varus correction is one of the options available for salvage of chronic unstable hips and is also known as Ilizarov hip reconstruction (IHR). This study evaluated the outcomes and complications associated with IHR in skeletally mature young patients.     

Development of the hip joints in unoperated children with cerebral palsy: A radiographic study of 76 patients

Background?The aims of the present study were to assess the development of hip dysplasia in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy and to evaluate the factors that influence the progression.

Patients and methods?76 children, 42 with spastic quadriplegia and 34 with diplegia, were included in the study. Their mean age at the first radiographic examination was 3.5 (1–11) years. The patients were followed up until operative treatment (54 subjects) or until the most recent radiograph in those who did not undergo hip surgery. The mean length of follow-up was 4.8 (1–13) years. On the initial and most recent radiographs, the migration percentage (MP) was measured, which is the percentage of the femoral head lateral to the acetabular rim.

Results?The mean MP of the side with the largest displacement was 25% (-18–66) at the initial radiographic examination and 51% (9–100) at the last follow-up. The mean increase in MP was 7% (-2–33) per year. Linear multiple regression revealed that gait function and age were the most important variables that influenced the rate of MP progression. Children who could not walk had significantly greater MP progression per year (12%) than those who walked with or without support (2%). In the quadriplegics, the maximal yearly increase in MP was 13% under 5 years of age and 7% in older children. This difference was statistically significant, whereas no significant difference in relation to patient age was seen in the diplegics.

Interpretation?There is a pronounced trend towards displacement of the hips in quadriplegic CP patients who are under 5 years of age and cannot walk. Because hip dislocation may lead to severe problems, close follow-up is important in finding the appropriate time for hip surgery in order to avoid progression towards dislocation. The risk of severe hip dysplasia is considerably less in spastic diplegia.??