颈髓损伤后的综合康复治疗

目的：观察颈髓损伤患者综合康复治疗的结局。方法：40例颈髓损伤患者予以综合康复治疗，包括上肢肌功能性电刺激、肌力训练、平衡转移训练、平衡膀胱等并配合传统疗法及矫形器的应用等。结果：经过60-215 d的治疗后ASIA运动、感觉评分及ADL评分与治疗前比较，颈髓部分损伤患者有明显提高（P〈0.01或0.05）；完全损伤患者ASIA运动评分有明显提高（P〈0.05），而ASIA感觉及ADL评分虽有改善，但差异无显著性意义。结论：综合康复治疗能显著改善和提高颈髓损伤患者的生存质量，其中部分损伤患者最为显著。     

水中平板步行训练对脊髓损伤患者康复疗效的初步观察

目的观察水中平板步行训练对脊髓损伤患者的康复疗效。方法对11例外伤性不完全性脊髓损伤患者进行水中平板步行训练等康复治疗，记录水中平板步行训练前后的ASIA运动评分、ASIA感觉评分。以及训练时的行走距离、最大步速和训练前后的日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分变化。结果经水中平板步行训练后，患者的ASIA感觉评分提高（P〈0．05），ASIA运动评分、行走距离、最大步速及ADL评分明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论在常规康复治疗基础上进行水中平板步行训练可改善不完全性脊髓损伤患者的运动、感觉功能及生活自理能力。     

矫形器结合功能训练改善患者步行能力

目的探讨矫形器结合功能训练对患者步行能力的影响。方法对 3 6例步行困难患者 (腰膨大脊髓损伤 11例、脑血管意外及脑外伤 2 5例 )于不同康复训练阶段配合踝足矫形器 (AFO)进行强化训练 6周 ,分别在患者入院时、AFO训练前和AFO训练 6周后进行ASIA、FMA运动评分评定和限时的步行功能检查 (包括 6min步行评定和 10米步行时间评定 )。结果AFO训练 6周后 ,患者的步行功能评分与AFO训练前的差异具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;脊髓损伤患者的ASIA运动评分与入院时的差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;脑损伤患者的运动评分与入院时的差异具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,脑损伤患者的运动评分与AFO训练前的差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论AFO结合功能训练可显著改善腰膨大脊髓损伤及部分脑损伤患者的步行能力。     

运动想象疗法对不完全脊髓损伤患者肢体功能及ADL的影响

目的：探讨运动想象疗法对不完全脊髓损伤患者肢体运动、感觉功能及ADL的影响。方法：不完全脊髓损伤患者32例随机分为2组各16例,2组均给予常规康复训练,观察组加用运动想象疗法,对照组加用轻音乐治疗,治疗前后分别采用ASIA 运动、感觉评分及改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)进行评定。结果：治疗2个月后,2组患者ASIA 运动、感觉评分MBI评分均较治疗前明显增加(P＜0.05),且观察组在各相关指标改善更为显著（P＜0.05）。结论：运动想象疗法不仅可改善脊髓损伤患者运动、感觉功能,且能促进日常生活活动能力的恢复。     

手法配合物理因子治疗脊髓损伤患者的功能恢复

目的:探讨脊髓损伤患者经过中医手法配合物理治疗后的功能恢复情况。方法:选择2000-03/2003-03在汕头大学医学院第二附属医院康复中心就诊治疗的脊髓损伤患者25例。颈髓损伤10例,其中完全四肢瘫3例,不完全四肢瘫7例;胸腰脊髓损伤15例,其中完全截瘫7例,不完全截瘫8例。采用中医手法配合物理疗法对25例脊髓损伤患者进行康复治疗,用美国脊髓损伤协会标准评分、生活质量Barthel指数评定脊髓损伤患者的功能状况。结果:25例患者均进入结果分析。①美国脊髓损伤协会标准评分:经治疗后颈髓、胸腰髓部分损害者损伤分级运动和感觉评分有明显提高(颈髓不完全损伤:运动76.63±15.36,47.13±18.45,痛觉79.35±26.12,51.68±20.64;胸腰髓不完全损伤:运动75.64±11.20,60.35±12.63,痛觉99.64±11.39,82.68±15.32,触觉106.95±14.27,90.35±16.36,P<0.05,P<0.01),胸腰髓完全损伤者运动评分较治疗前提高(69.31±20.51,45.63±10.42)。②生活质量Barthel指数评分:经治疗后颈髓不完全损伤、胸腰髓完全损伤、胸腰髓不完全损伤生活质量评分有显著提高(68.35±25.63,23.12±16.36;59.96±14.25,16.69±10.59;70.85±18.34,40.52±18.36,P<0.01)。结论:中医手法配合物理治疗能显著改善和提高脊髓损伤患者的运动功能,提高患者的生活质量。脊髓部分损伤的患者康复治疗效果好于完全损伤者,胸腰髓损伤的患者康复治疗效果好于颈髓损伤者。     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院时日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响脊髓损伤(SCI)患者出院时日常生活活动(ADL)能力的相关因素.方法 对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤(发病)时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析.结果 出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关.结论 通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善.入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大.     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院时日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响脊髓损伤(SCI)患者出院时日常生活活动(ADL)能力的相关因素.方法 对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤(发病)时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析.结果 出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关.结论 通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善.入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大.     

不同步行矫形器在下胸段脊髓损伤中的应用探讨

探讨三种不同步行矫形器在下胸段脊髓损伤中的应用及对患者步行能力的影响。方法:T10-12完全性脊髓损伤患者16例,在装配步行矫形器前进行强化康复训练与治疗(包括肌力、心肺功能、转移、ADL、膀胱功能等),其中5例装配KAFO(KAFO组),5例装配Walkabout(Walkabout组),6例装配RGO(RGO组),矫形器装配后配合步态步行训练;分别于矫形器装配前和装配训练8周后应用ASIA运动评分、MBI及限时的步行功能检查(包括6min步行评测和10m步行时间评测)作为指标进行观察。结果:3组患者ASIA运动评分矫形器装配前后及组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),ADL(MBI)评分装配前后比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)、组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);装配训练8周后步行能力评分比较,Walkabout组与KAFO组差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01),RGO组与Walkabout组和KAFO组比较差异均具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:步行矫形器与功能训练相结合对改善下胸段脊髓损伤患者的步行能力疗效显著,Walkabout和KAFO可恢复患者治疗性步行能力,而RGO则在恢复患者功能性步行能力方面效果理想。     

上肢体感诱发电位对颈髓损伤的评估价值

目的　探讨上肢体感诱发电位 (SEP)在颈髓损伤功能评定中的价值。方法　对 3 6例颈髓损伤患者在综合康复治疗前后采用 40分法评定脊髓功能并行上肢SEP检查 ,对照分析SEP与颈髓损伤的功能及疗效评定之间的关系。结果　① 3 6例颈髓损伤患者治疗前SEP异常率为 86.1%。②与对照组相比 ,疾病组治疗前N11、N13 及N2 0 的潜伏期较对照组延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后有明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 )。③治疗前后SEP检测异常患者的颈椎脊髓功能评分均明显低于SEP检测正常的患者 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　上肢SEP可作为颈髓损伤功能及疗效评定的依据 ,N11及N13 潜伏期延长是反映颈髓功能受损的敏感指标     

不同平面脊髓损伤患者膈肌运动和肺功能的相关分析

目的:探讨不同平面脊髓损伤患者的肺功能和膈肌运动的特点及其影响因素。方法:选取我院105例脊髓损伤患者进行研究,分析颈、胸、腰段各平面脊髓损伤患者的肺功能指标,包括第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力呼气肺活量(FVC)、最大通气量(MVV)、肺活量(VC)和膈肌运动功能(右侧隔肌平静呼吸和用力呼吸时的运动幅度),并对肺功能与性别、年龄、吸烟史、损伤平面、残损分级、ASIA感觉/运动评分、膈肌运动幅度的相关性进行分析。结果:不同平面脊髓损伤肺功能指标差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);不同平面脊髓损伤平静呼吸和深呼吸时右侧膈肌运动幅度、ASIA感觉/运动评分差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);回归分析显示肺功能下降与损伤平面、残损分级、膈肌运动、ASIA感觉/运动评分和性别、吸烟史具有相关性(P0.05)。结论:脊髓损伤患者(特别是颈髓损伤患者)均存在不同程度肺功能障碍,而损伤平面、残损分级、ASIA感觉/运动评分和膈肌运动是影响脊髓损伤患者肺功能的重要指标。     

脊髓损伤恢复期运动治疗的临床分析

目的 分析脊髓损伤患者恢复期运动治疗的效果及相关因素。方法 对1998年7月－2001年9月在我院康复医学科运动治疗部门训练的18例脊髓损伤患者进行分析。结果 ASIA运动评分和MBI在训练后有显著提高（P＜0．01），ASIA感觉评分训练前后无差异；痉挛严重程度与损伤时年龄及病程有很好的正相关（P＜0．05）；病程与治疗前MBI有很好的正相关（P＜0．05），MBI与ASIA运动评分有很好的正相关（P＜0．05）；家属护理人数与患者损伤时年龄，病程和治疗前MBI有很好的负相关（P＜0．05）；ASIA运动平均效率为0．13，MBI平均效率为0．56。结论 随着损伤时间的延长，痉挛会逐步加重；运动治疗有助于提高脊髓损伤患者的运动功能；患者生活自理能力的提高，可减少家属护理人数，减轻家庭负担。     

Testosterone replacement therapy and motor function in men with spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate motor function in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) given testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). DESIGN: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) rehabilitation discharge motor index scores were compared between men with SCI given TRT (testosterone cypionate, 200 mg, monthly; n = 50) and a comparison group (n = 480) in a retrospective study. Covariates included admission motor and FIM scores, level of injury (paraplegia/tetraplegia), days since injury, and age. RESULTS: ASIA discharge motor scores for ASIA impairment scale grades C and D were significantly different (P < 0.05) in men with incomplete SCI given TRT, relative to the comparison group. The covariate-adjusted mean discharge score for the TRT group was higher than for the comparison group. There were no significant differences in discharge FIM scores (P = 0.34) for men with incomplete injuries and no differences in the adjusted discharge ASIA motor scores (P = 0.92) or adjusted discharge FIM scores (P = 0.16) for men with complete injuries. CONCLUSION: The data support a relationship between TRT and strength gains in men with residual motor function after SCI. Prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings.     

颈段脊髓损伤患者肺功能分析

目的探讨颈段脊髓损伤（SCI）患者肺功能变化的特点及影响因素.方法回顾性分析48例颈段SCI患者的肺功能资料,分析肺活量（VC）、最大通气量（MVV）、1秒钟最大呼气量（FEV1）、75%肺活量用力呼气流速比（V75）的预测百分比与ASIA感觉评分和运动评分的相关性,然后分别以VC、MVV、FEV1、V75的实测值为自变量进行多元线性回归分析.结果颈段SCI患者肺功能指标中VC、MVV、FEV1、V75的预测百分比均明显下降,表现为限制性通气功能障碍;相关分析显示,VC、FEV1、V75的预测百分比均与ASIA运动评分呈正相关,与感觉评分无相关性;在分别以VC、MVV、FEV1、V75实测值为自变量的4个多元线性回归方程中,身高均以保护因素出现于其中的3个方程中,体重为保护因素出现于另外1个方程中;与SCI有关的ASIA运动评分、感觉评分和病程等指标中只有运动评分出现于以MVV、FEV1、V75实测值为自变量的多元线性回归方程中,感觉评分和病程未出现于任何一个多元线性回归方程中.结论除身高和体重外,ASIA运动评分是影响颈段SCI患者肺功能的主要因素.     

Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender differences in neurologic and functional outcome measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: People (N=14,433) admitted to an MSCIS within 30 days of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor index score, ASIA Impairment Scale, level of injury, and FIM instrument scores after SCI. RESULTS: When examining subjects grouped by severity of injury, changes in ASIA motor index total scores, from system admission to 1-year anniversary, were significantly greater for women than men with either complete ( P =.035) or incomplete ( P =.031) injuries. Functional comparison of men and women, using the FIM motor subscale, revealed that men had higher FIM motor scores at rehabilitation discharge among those with motor-complete injuries, except for those with C1-4 and C6 neurologic levels. Women with motor-incomplete high tetraplegia (C1-4 levels) had higher discharge FIM motor scores than did similarly afflicted men. There were no significant differences in FIM motor scores among men and women with other levels of motor incomplete SCI. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in SCI were seen in several areas. Women may have more natural neurologic recovery than men; however, for a given level and degree of neurologic injury, men tend to do better functionally than women at time of discharge from rehabilitation. Future prospective study of the effects of estrogen on neurologic recovery and the effects of gender on functional potential are recommended.     

Outcomes of early surgical management versus late or no surgical intervention after acute spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurologic, medical, and functional outcomes of patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing early (<24 h and 24-72 h) and late (>72 h) surgical spine intervention versus those treated nonsurgically. DESIGN: Retrospective case series comparing outcomes by surgical and nonsurgical groups during acute care, rehabilitation, and at 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Multicenter National Spinal Cord Injury Database. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients with acute, nonpenetrating, traumatic SCI from 1995 to 2000, admitted in the first 24 hours after injury. Surgical spinal intervention was likely secondary to nature of injury and the need for spinal stabilization. Interventions Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in neurologic outcomes (motor and sensory levels, motor index score, American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS]), medical complications (pneumonia and atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, rehospitalization), and functional outcomes (acute and rehabilitation length of stay [LOS], hospital charges, FIM instrument score, FIM motor efficiency scores). RESULTS: Subjects in the early surgery group were more likely ( P <.05) to be women, have paraplegia, and have SCI caused by motor vehicle collisions. The nonsurgical group was more likely ( P <.05) to have an older mean age and more incomplete injuries. ASIA motor index improvements (from admission to 1-y follow-up) were more likely ( P <.05) in the nonsurgical groups, as compared with the surgical groups. Those with late surgery had significantly ( P <.05) increased acute care and total LOS and hospital charges along with higher incidence of pneumonia and atelectasis. No differences between groups were found for changes in neurologic levels, AIS grade, or FIM motor efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: ASIA motor index improvements were noted in the nonsurgery group, though likely related to increased incompleteness of injuries within this group. Early versus late spinal surgery was associated with shorter LOS and reduced pulmonary complications, however, no differences in neurologic or functional improvements were noted between early or late surgical groups.