改良Nirschl术清理带线锚钉重建桡侧腕短伸肌腱起点治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效

目的进行改良Nirschl术清理带线锚钉重建桡侧腕短伸肌腱（extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon,ECRB）起点与单纯改良Nirschl术清理ECRB起点治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效比较，探讨带线锚钉重建ECRB起点治疗顽固性网球肘的疗效性及必要性。 方法2013年3月至2016年5月，台州骨伤医院收治的顽固性网球肘患者45例，随机分为观察组和对照组，观察组23例，对照组22例。观察组患者于改良Nirschl术式下切开清理ECRB起点退行性变性肌腱后使用带线锚钉将ECRB重新固定于去除皮质的肱骨外上髁上重建起点，对照组患者于改良Nirschl术式下单纯切开清理ECRB起点退行性变性肌腱。观察比较两组术前及术后2、3、6、12个月的疼痛、握力、重返工作时间、Mayo肘关节功能评分、Verhaar评分。 结果45例患者均完成试验观察，术后切口均为Ⅰ期愈合。观察组术后（4.97±1.33）个月恢复原工作，与对照组术后（3.55±1.27）个月比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后2、3个月Mayo肘关节功能评分观察组均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），术后12个月Mayo肘关节功能评分观察组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后12个月两组视觉模拟评分（visual analogue score，VAS）差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；术后2、3个月握力观察组均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），术后6、12个月握力观察组均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；末次随访Verhaar评分观察组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05 ）。 结论进行改良Nirschl术清理带线锚钉重建ECRB起点治疗顽固性网球肘，手术操作简便，创伤小，将ECRB重新缝合于肱骨外上髁重建起点，恢复其临床解剖位置，使前臂伸肌力量得到最大限度恢复，能使患者恢复至正常的运动和生活水平。     

关节镜下Nirschl清理术治疗顽固性网球肘的初步疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜下Nirschl清理术治疗顽固性网球肘的初步疗效.方法 回顾性分析2016年4月至2018年1月由同一名医师独立完成关节镜下Nirschl清理术的16例顽固性网球肘患者的资料,其中男10例,女6例,年龄36～61岁,平均(43.2±10.4)岁,均为单侧发病,左侧9例,右侧7例.通过疼痛视觉模拟评分(v...     

肘关节镜结合小切口清理修补术根治顽固性网球肘

目的 :探究关节镜结合小切口清理修补术根治顽固性网球肘的临床疗效和肘部关节镜技术的提升效应。方法:自2014年3月至2017年2月连续收治顽固性网球肘患者36例(36肘),均采用关节镜结合小切口开放清理修补,两种方式交替进行,在核心操作上,前18例[A组,男8例,女12例,年龄(43.89±9.71)岁,保守治疗时间(17.39±10.53)个月]直视下操作关节镜下验证,后18例[B组,男7例,女11例,年龄(44.28±8.04)岁,保守治疗时间(15.50±9.18)个月],关节镜下操作直视下验证。术中观察镜下及大体病理表现,术后观察患者神经血管并发症,对比两组手术时间。患者术前术后随访时进行VAS评分和Mayo功能评分比较疗效。结果:所有患者获随访,随访时间A组(17.22±8.47)个月,B组(17.83±8.83)个月。无感染,有1例神经损伤。VAS评分,A组术前4.33±1.24,术后0.61±0.70;B组术前4.50±1.47,术后0.67±0.69;Mayo功能评分,A组术前62.22±7.90,术后93.06±5.18;B组术前61.94±8.93,术后92.22±5.21;术后评分均优于术前;组间VAS评分和Mayo功能评分比较差异无统计学意义。手术时间,B组(54.06±8.43)min小于A组(73.39±12.78)min。32例对治疗结果非常满意,3例对治疗结果满意,1例对治疗结果不满意,导致患者不满意的主要原因为神经损伤。结论:肘关节镜结合小切口清理修补术结合传统切开与关节镜手术的优势,为顽固性网球肘患者带来根治的治疗效果;此种术式适合致力于尝试探索及提升肘关节镜技术。     

Nirschl手术治疗顽固性网球肘:切开与关节镜手术比较

目的 比较切开和关节镜手术治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效.方法 2006年5月至2008年9月连续收治顽固性网球肘患者26例(28例肘),手术时患者平均年龄45岁(32～62岁),保守治疗时间为23个月(4～60个月).手术方式以Nirschl术为原则,按照随机表随机分为切开组(13例13肘)和关节镜组(13例15肘).采用VAS疼痛评分、Mayo功能评分、肘关节综合评分、重返工作和运动时间、满意度等评价患者术后效果.结果 26例患者均获随访,随访时间4～32个月,平均17.4个月.两组术后效果比较,在VAS疼痛评分中的静息和日常活动评分、综合评分、重返工作和运动时间、满意度及术后效果评价等级方面,两组均无显著差异.而在VAS评分的运动评分及Mayo功能评分中,切开组优于关节镜组.切开组满意或部分满意患者100%,关节镜组86.7%.切开组优良率100%,关节镜组93.3%.术后未发现严重并发症.结论 切开和关节镜手术均是治疗顽固性网球的有效方法,切开手术在术后恢复运动等肘关节功能方面优于关节镜手术,可能与切开术中有更多伸肌腱裂口被缝合有关.     

囊外法关节镜处理顽固性网球肘的手术技术和疗效分析:附21例中长期随访结果

目的探讨囊外法关节镜手术治疗顽固性网球肘中长期疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年3月～2014年10月同一名医师独立实施的囊外法关节镜手术治疗21例顽固性网球肘的资料。通过人工创造皮下间隙,在关节囊外完成对病变肌腱的清理。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、Mayo肘功能评分和臂肩功能障碍评分(Disability of Arm,Shoulder and Hand,DASH)评价术后效果。结果 21例随访39～70个月,平均48. 3月。术后均无感染、神经损伤等并发症。术后疼痛VAS、Mayo、DASH评分均较术前明显改善(P=0. 000)。Mayo功能评分优20例(95. 2%),良1例(4. 8%)。结论囊外法关节镜处理顽固性网球肘的中长期疗效满意、稳定,操作相对简单,而且避免关节内操作可能引起重要血管神经损伤的手术风险。     

囊外法关节镜治疗顽固性网球肘手术技术、效果与影响因素分析

目的探讨囊外法关节镜手术治疗顽固性网球肘的手术治疗技术规范,分析治疗效果及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2012年3月~2016年11月因顽固性网球肘由同一位医生实施的囊外法关节镜手术连续50例的中长期随访资料,总结手术技术要点,包括刨刀清理、去皮质化和微骨折、裂口缝合和术后石膏固定等。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、Mayo肘功能评分和臂肩功能障碍评分(Disability of Arm,Shoulder and Hand,DASH)等评价术后效果,采用多元logistic回归分析各技术要点对手术效果的影响。结果50例随访13~60个月,平均36.7月。未发生血管神经损伤、感染等严重并发症。术后VAS、Mayo、DASH评分均较术前明显改善(P=0.000)。单因素及多因素分析显示术后石膏固定与术后VAS评分预后良好相关(OR=6.525,95%CI:1.005~42.364,P=0.049),术前Mayo评分与术后Mayo评分预后良好相关(OR=1.059,95%CI:1.003~1.119,P=0.040)。结论囊外法关节镜治疗顽固性网球肘的疗效满意,操作安全性高。主要技术要点有刨刀清理、去皮质化和微骨折、镜下裂口缝合和术后石膏固定。其中术后采用石膏固定与长期预后良好相关。     

肘关节镜序贯性建立前方三入路技术治疗顽固性网球肘

目的评价关节镜下序贯性建立肘关节前方三入路的方法治疗顽固性网球肘的可行性、安全性和有效性。 方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2016年12月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院收治的28例关节镜治疗顽固性网球肘的病例，均采用序贯性建立肘关节前方三入路的方法，镜下彻底清除桡侧腕短伸肌腱（extensor carpi radialis brevis，ECRB）病变的腱性组织，同时清理ECRB止点处肱骨外上髁。通过对比术前、术后的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）、肌力评分以及简版上肢功能评估（quick-disabilities of arm，shoulder and hand，Quick-DASH）评分，结合末次随访的满意度，评价临床疗效。 结果28例患者均获得12~38个月的随访，临床结果显示患者VAS（夜间痛及活动痛）、肌力评分、Quick-DASH评分术前与末次随访比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结合满意度评分末次随访得分为优的患者18例，得分为良的患者6例，优良率为85.7%。所有患者无肘关节神经损伤等并发症。 结论通过序贯性建立肘关节前方三入路的方法，关节镜下可以彻底清除ECRB的病变组织，同时可以清理局部肱骨外上髁，是治疗顽固性网球肘的一种微创、安全、有效可行的方法。     

关节镜下手术治疗难治性网球肘

目的报告关节镜下手术治疗难治性网球肘的效果。方法1999年12月-2006年3月，对15例保守治疗无效的网球肘患者，采用关节镜下肘关节前外侧、前内侧和后外侧入路手术，清理并松解损伤的伸肌腱腱性组织，术中同时处理合并损伤。采用VAS疼痛评分系统和改良美国肩肘关节外科协会评分系统（Masm）进行疗效评价。结果15例中，Ⅰ型损伤（伸肌腱挫伤）9例，Ⅱ型损伤（线性裂伤）4例，Ⅲ型损伤（大部分或完全裂伤）2例（采用开放小切口修补术）。术后15例恢复良好，未发生任何手术并发症。13例Ⅰ、Ⅱ型患者在术后7。28d（平均18．3e1）恢复了原工作；2例Ⅲ型损伤者分别在术后2个月和3个月恢复了原工作。所有患者均获得12—48个月（平均25．1个月）的随访，VAS评分为0—4分，平均2．4分。MASKS评分：优4例，良8例，一般3例，优良率为80％。结论经肘关节镜下手术治疗难治性网球肘具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优点，同时能发现关节内合并的其他损伤并予处理。     

自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效观察

目的观察自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏治疗顽固性网球肘的临床疗效。方法顽固性网球肘患者90例,采用数字表法将90例患者随机分为观察组(45例,自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏)和对照组(45例,局部封闭)。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后不同时期疼痛程度和肘关节功能变化。采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)和Nirschl分级评分评定治疗效果。结果观察组治疗后VAS评分、Nirschl分级评分和MEPS评分T1、T2和T3与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组治疗后VAS评分T1、T2与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Nirschl分级评分T1和T2与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MEPS评分T1与治疗前T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后VAS评分、Nirschl分级评分和MEPS评分T2、T3与对照组T2、T3比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两组患者近期疗效均稳定,自体血注射联合吲哚美辛巴布膏治疗顽固性网球肘的中远期疗效明显优于局部封闭治疗。     

基于压痛点关节外操作的关节镜手术治疗顽固性肱骨外上髁炎

目的:探讨基于压痛点关节外操作的关节镜手术治疗顽固性肱骨外上髁炎的临床疗效。方法:自2015年10月至2017年9月收治顽固性肱骨外上髁炎患者19例,男7例,女12例;年龄33～62(43.16±8.12)岁;保守治疗时间为7～41(15.47±7.08)个月。19例均采用基于压痛点关节外操作的关节镜手术治疗。观察患者术后并发症情况,术前及术后3个月随访时采用VAS评分、Mayo功能评分进行临床疗效评价。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间6～26(17.16±5.25)个月。术后无感染、皮肤坏死和神经损伤发生。术后6个月无综合握力减弱。VAS评分由术前的4.42±1.17降至至术后3个月的0.53±0.61;Mayo功能评分由术前的62.63±7.88提高至术后3个月的93.42±5.28;根据Mayo功能评分,优17例,良2例。结论:基于压痛点关节外操作的关节镜手术治疗顽固性肱骨外上髁炎采用关节外操作处理关节外主要病变,解剖层次易于理解,视野良好,清理彻底,疗效确切,操作安全。     

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. The results of total arthroscopic synovectomy, partial, arthroscopic synovectomy, and arthroscopic local excision.

Twenty-five patients who had had a diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee were followed for an average of four and one-half years (range, two to ten years) after arthroscopic treatment. Five patients had had localized lesions and had been managed with local resection; all five had improvement, with no apparent recurrence. The remaining twenty patients had had diffuse disease. Of these twenty, eleven had had a complete arthroscopic synovectomy. All eleven had definite improvement in pain and function, and almost all had a decrease in synovitis and an increase in the range of motion of the knee; the disease recurred in only one. The other nine patients had had a partial arthroscopic synovectomy. Although most had some improvement in function and range of motion and a decrease in pain and synovitis, the disease recurred in five of the nine. Thus, in the patients who had had diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis, the rate of recurrence was lower in those who had had a complete arthroscopic synovectomy than in those who had had a partial arthroscopic synovectomy (p = 0.01).     

Failed arthroscopic meniscectomy: prognostic factors for repeat arthroscopic examination

The authors have reviewed 44 patients retrospectively who failed arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The study attempts to define the chances for success and to identify prognostic factors as these patients return for reoperation. Each patient had a repeat arthroscopic examination from 2 to 60 months after partial meniscectomy (average 19 months). They were reviewed an average of 31 months after reoperation (6 to 60 months), and each completed a subjective questionnaire evaluating the efficacy of their repeat arthroscopic surgery. Seventy-one percent of the patients had improvement with reoperation and were classified as good or excellent. Twelve patients (29%) did not improve and were rated poor. Ten parameters, as recorded before repeat arthroscopic examination, were investigated in an attempt to correlate each with success and to find those that are significant prognostic factors. Age of the patient, number of surgeries on the involved knee, time between arthroscopic examinations, nature of history (acute or chronic), workers' compensation or private insurance status, range of motion on physical examination prior to repeat arthroscopy, and degree of chondromalacia as seen at the first surgery were not found to correlate with the ultimate success of the patient. The presence of mechanical complaints before reoperation was a statistically significant parameter that led to a good or excellent result in 86% of the patients at follow-up. Lateral meniscal pathology seen at first partial meniscectomy gave more favorable results than medial meniscal pathology even if the patient had nonmechanical complaints. A history of reinjury between arthroscopic surgeries is helpful only if positive. In the absence of such a history, no conclusion can be drawn.     

关节镜下两种不同通路切除肩关节冈盂切迹囊肿

目的探讨关节镜下两种不同的通路切除肩关节冈盂切迹囊肿（SGNC）。方法本组2例SGNC压迫肩胛上神经所致冈下肌麻痹患者,分别经关节镜下两种不同通道切除囊肿,观察术后效果。结果2例患者术后恢复良好。结论全关节镜下SGNC的切除可经两种不同通路进行,经肩峰下入路有更多优势。     

Manual of arthroscopic surgery

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 446–450     

Posterior arthroscopic approach to the ankle

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the safety of a new technique for a posterior arthroscopic approach to the ankle. This technique was recently described in literature. The technique uses a modified posteromedial portal, a different way of introducing the instruments into the portal, and the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) as a landmark to work in the posterior compartment. Type of Study: Anatomic study. Methods: The technique was performed on 10 (4 fresh and 6 fresh-frozen) below-knee amputation specimens, which were then dissected. The instruments were left in place, and anatomic dissections were performed to determine the relationship to the surrounding neurovascular structures. Then the instruments were removed, and the distance of the neurovascular structures from the posteromedial portal was recorded. Another medial portal, 1 cm more proximal, was also created to measure the distance of this latter portal from the nervous structures. Results: None of the anatomic dissections showed injuries to the neurovascular bundle either during penetration of the instruments or during procedures in the posterior compartment laterally to the tendon of the FHL. This latter is the landmark to prevent damage to the more medially located nerves and vessels. The new posteromedial portal is located, on average, 13.3 mm (range, 11 to 17 mm) from the posterior tibial nerve, 14.7 mm (range, 8 to 20) from the calcaneal branch (which may be single or multiple, and may vary as needed the height of bifurcation from the posterior tibial nerve), and 17.3 mm (range, 15 to 21 mm) from the posterior tibial artery. A posteromedial portal located 1 cm more proximally is on average 2.9 mm closer to the nervous structures. Conclusions: Based on these anatomic data, there appears to be relatively little risk to the surrounding neurovascular structures with this new technique. Therefore, this technique appears to be relatively safe in the treatment of intra-articular and extra-articular pathology.     

Optimizing arthroscopic knots

Arthroscopic repairs, such as those for shoulder instability, are commonly performed. However, the failure rate after arthroscopic repair appears to be higher than with open surgery. These failures may relate to the challenge of tying secure knots arthroscopically. Many knots tied arthroscopically commonly consist of an initial slip knot to remove slack, and a series of half-hitches. Half-hitches, instead of square throws, are difficult to avoid and result when asymmetrical tension is applied to the strands. For this reason, the security of knots tied arthroscopically may not be equivalent to square knots and a greater rate of failure may occur. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the security of various arthroscopic knots under cyclic and peak loading conditions, (2) how the surgeon can modify the method or sequence of half-hitch throws to minimize knot slippage or breakage, and (3) whether using an arthroscopic knot pusher affects the security of the same knot tied by hand. The most secure knot configurations were achieved by reversing the half-hitch throws and alternating the posts. These knots performed significantly better than all other knots tested (P < .002). Thus the surgeon can control the holding capacity and minimize suture loop displacement by proper alternation of the tying strands and reversal of the loop when placing the hitches. Under our testing conditions, the loop holding capacity of hand-tied knots was superior to identical knots tied using a pusher (P < .002). Because arthroscopic surgeons must tie their knots with a pusher, the best way to optimize knot security is by careful attention to the specific technique with which the knot throws are made.