腹腔镜辅助治疗先天性环状胰腺合并高位肛门闭锁1例

环状胰腺是一种先天性的发育畸形,病人有一带状胰腺组织环,部分或完全包绕十二指肠第二段,致使肠腔狭窄。压迫明显者,在新生儿期即可出现症状。环状胰腺常伴发其他畸形,最常见为消化道畸形,如十二指肠闭锁或狭窄,肠旋转不良等。2009年9月,我院收治1例先天性环状胰腺合并高位肛门闭锁,在腹腔镜辅助下治疗成功,现报道如下。     

非手术治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠内瘘：附6 例报告

目的：探讨非手术重症急性胰腺炎(SAP) 并发十二指肠瘘的原因及防治方法。 方法：对6例非手术治疗SAP并发十二指肠瘘患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果：6例非手术SAP患者在SAP发生后5~8周并发胰腺假性囊肿十二指肠瘘，均行B超引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺引流和内科保守治疗，十二指肠瘘在发生后3~5周治愈。 结论：非手术SAP并发十二指肠瘘与SAP并发胰腺假性囊肿感染有关，其形成的瘘口较小，治疗上可行保守治疗保持胰腺假性囊肿引流通畅，无需手术治疗。     

成人环状胰腺(附5例报告)

环状胰腺属先天性畸形,是引起新生儿十二指肠梗阻的常见原因之—。但成人环状胰腺所致的十二指肠梗阻实属罕见,我们自1960年至1991年共收治5例,术前均误诊,术中始明确诊断。本文就其成人环胰的发病特点,临床误诊原因,诊断和治疗原则进行讨论。     

先天性十二指肠膜状闭锁（附32例报告）

目的 探讨先天性十二指肠膜状闭锁的诊断和治疗。方法 对1980－1996年间收治的32例十二指肠膜状闭锁的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 十二指肠单隔膜者28例,双隔膜者4例;伴肠旋转不良者6例,环状胰腺2例,肛门闭锁1例。单纯隔膜切除24例,隔膜切除加结肠后胃空肠吻合2例,隔膜切除加Ladd′s手术6例。痊愈28例,死亡4例。随访20例,随访时间5个月－3年,症状均消失,营养发育良好。结论 先天性十二指肠膜状闭锁患儿,生后即有顽固性呕吐,多含有胆汁,腹部立位片有“双泡征”,经胃肠道造影检查可帮助确诊。隔膜切除是最有效的治疗方法,术中需注意双隔膜存在及其他伴发畸形的矫治。同时应加强围手术期处理。     

两种少见类型的肠梗阻

目的：报道两种临床上较少见类型的肠梗阻。方法：对4例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：3例由美克憩室引起，其中2例并发肿瘤；1例为烤红薯焦所致肠梗阻。均经手术证实并治愈。结论：在肠梗阻的诊断治疗中，特别在手术中应警惕罕见原因所致肠梗阻的可能。     

胆囊十二指肠瘘并发胆石性肠梗阻2例临床分析

目的总结胆囊十二指肠瘘并发胆石性肠梗阻的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2例胆囊十二指肠瘘并发胆石性肠梗阻的临床资料。结果 2例均急诊手术,术中确诊胆囊十二指肠瘘,1例修补十二指肠瘘口,另1例行B-Ⅱ式胃大部切除术;均一期手术治愈胆囊十二指肠瘘,无并发症及死亡发生。结论手术是治疗胆石性肠梗阻最有效的方法,胆囊十二指肠瘘术前诊断率低,术中发现结石性肠梗阻均应探查有无胆肠瘘,选择恰当的术式,可以一期手术治愈。     

胃肠道异位胰腺的诊断与治疗(附18例报告)

目的探讨胃肠道异位胰腺的临床特点、诊断及外科处理原则。方法对我院近20年收治的经术后病理确诊的18例胃肠道异位胰腺病人进行了外科治疗，并对其临床症状、诊断方法、病变部位分布及治疗措施进行了回顾分析。结果本组18例病人表现为反复上腹部疼痛不适9例，消化道出血7例，腹部包块1例，无明显症状1例。异位胰腺分布部位：胃7例，十二指肠5例，空肠3例，回肠3例，其中美克尔憩室内2例。术前误诊11例，漏诊6例，仅1例确诊。全部病人均行手术治疗，无一例出现术后并发症，随访1～10年无复发，临床疗效满意。结论胃肠道异位胰腺缺乏特征性的临床表现和有效的检查手段，易漏诊和误诊；一旦发现，均应早期手术治疗，以明确诊断及避免出现严重的并发症。     

新生儿小肠闭锁8例诊治体会

目的 探讨新生儿小肠闭锁的诊断及手术治疗方法.方法 总结分析收治的8例新生儿小肠闭锁相关的诊断及手术方式资料.结果 8例其中十二指肠降段闭锁3例,空肠闭锁5例.均行手术治疗,其中3例术后5～6 d 2次手术.8例患儿术后恢复良好,随诊2～5 a效果良好,发育均正常.结论 新生儿小肠闭锁是新生儿常见的消化道畸形,早期诊断...     

胆总管下端术后十二指肠瘘19例治疗分析

目的：了解胆总管下端手术后十二指肠瘘发生的原因及处理。方法：回顾性分析1975－2002年收治的19例胆总管下端手术后十二指肠瘘发生的原因，诊断和治疗。十二指肠瘘经确诊后均经手术治疗。治疗方式：脓肿引流13例，十二指肠修补5例，胃大部切除幽门旷置胃空肠吻合，空肠造口1例。结果：十二指肠瘘治愈15例，死亡4例，死亡原因：消化道大出血2例，腹膜后严重感染1例，并发重症胰腺炎1例。结论：行胆总管下端探查操作时应谨慎，避免发生医源性损伤。十二指肠后早期诊断尤为重要，十二指肠瘘手术以引流为主，并予以充分的肠内营养支持。     

新生儿十二指肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

新生儿十二指肠梗阻多为高位梗阻,先天因素所致。引起新生儿十二指肠梗阻的原因分为肠道内源性及外源性因素,部分病例内、外源性病因同时存在。外源性因素包括肠旋转不良及环状胰腺等：内源性因素主要是十二指肠闭锁或狭窄,其中以肠旋转不良最为常见。     

Microperforation of a duodenal diaphragm as a cause of paradoxical gas in congenital duodenal obstruction.

An infant who presented with signs of duodenal atresia had proximal duodenal obstruction by upper gastrointestinal barium study, but had a small amount of air in the distal bowel. Exploration showed an annular pancreas and microperforation of a duodenal diaphragm. Prior to concluding that pancreaticobiliary duct anomalies are the path of air into the distal bowel in patients with duodenal atresia, microperforation of a duodenal diaphragm must be excluded.     

Congenital duodenal obstruction.

Over the period 1980-1989, 49 patients with congenital duodenal obstruction due to duodenal atresia, duodenal stenosis or annular pancreas were treated. There were three deaths, all related to associated severe congenital anomalies and none related to surgery for duodenal obstruction; 78 per cent of the patients had associated congenital anomalies which, in some instances, complicated their management. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography was made in 18 per cent of the patients and these patients had operations relatively earlier.     

Annular pancreas in identical twin newborns

Annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in 1 of every 12,000 to 15,000 live births [Nerwich N, Shi E. Neonatal duodenal obstruction: a review of 30 consecutive cases. Pediatr Surg Int 1994;9:47-50]. It may remain asymptomatic throughout life, present in adulthood, or present in infancy as a high intestinal obstruction. Review of the literature demonstrates only 8 cases of familial annular pancreas and no case of twins exhibiting the disease. We will describe a case of identical (monochorionic diamniotic) female twins with neonatal presentation of duodenal obstruction and annular pancreas, and discuss data supportive of a genetic etiology.     

Duodenal Web and Pancreas Divisum Causing Pancreatitis in an Adult

Duodenal malformations are the third commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in infants¹. A spectrum of intrinsic obstructive lesions within the duodenum ranges from atresia to congenital bands². Rarely, duodenal malformations may first present in adulthood. Less than 70 cases of duodenal web presenting in an adult have been reported in the literature. In 10 patients the presentation was associated with pancreatitis. We report a case of congenital duodenal web associated with pancreas divisum which first presented in an adult with the clinical characteristics of recurrent acute pancreatitis.     

小儿腹腔镜十二指肠缝合吻合术治疗先天性十二指肠梗阻

目的评价腹腔镜辅助十二指肠缝合吻合术治疗小儿先天性十二指肠梗阻的效果。方法2003年2月～2008年7月,采用腹腔镜十二指肠缝合吻合术治疗13例先天性十二指肠梗阻,年龄2天～12岁（新生儿7例,婴幼儿3例,少儿3例）。十二指肠闭锁或狭窄7例,环状胰腺2例,肠系膜上动脉综合征（superior mesenteric artery syndrome,SMAS）3例,十二指肠前门静脉1例。结果除1例十二指肠前门静脉在小切口辅助下进行十二指肠空肠吻合术外,5例十二指肠隔膜在腹腔镜下纵行切开其前壁切除隔膜后完成横行吻合术,2例十二指肠闭锁和2例环状胰腺成功在腹腔镜下行十二指肠菱形吻合术,3例SMAS在腹腔镜下行十二指肠空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。手术时间（97.0±18.2）min（75～180min）,无手术并发症出现。术后2～5d开始进食,7～9d恢复正常饮食。出院前上消化道造影检查吻合口通畅。11例获随访6个月～4年,其中8例随访〉1年,生长发育良好。结论腹腔镜十二指肠缝合吻合术效果可靠,可以在新生儿期安全实施,为治疗先天性十二指肠梗阻提供了一个良好的微创手术方式。     

Annular pancreas in the adult: management with laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy

Annular pancreas is an uncommon congenital anomaly associated with duodenal atresia in neonates. Rarely, the condition may manifest later in life. These symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting and usually arise due to obstruction to gastric emptying. Abdominal CT scan with high resolution and angiography protocol and magnetic resonance imaging are useful in confirming the presence of annular pancreas. Operative management involves bypassing the obstructed duodenum. Duodenoduodenostomy is routinely performed in neonates with annular pancreas. In adults, the duodenum is less mobile, and duodenojejunostomy or gastrojejunostomy are recommended. We report two cases of annular pancreas in adults treated with laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy.     

Complications associated with surgical treatment of congenital intrinsic duodenal obstruction

Although survival rates for infants undergoing surgical treatment for congenital intrinsic duodenal obstruction are high, long-term follow-up suggests a high complication rate related to surgical therapy. We reviewed 33 neonates who underwent surgery for congenital intrinsic duodenal obstruction during the past 10 years. There were 20 girls and 13 boys; the mean gestational age was 36 weeks, and mean birthweight was 2,485 g. Bilious vomiting and intestinal obstruction were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Hydramnios was present in 75% of cases and 21% had associated Down's syndrome. Findings at laparotomy included duodenal atresia (14), annular pancreas (11), and duodenal diaphragm (8). The most frequent surgical procedure was side-to-side duodenoduodenostomy (DD), followed by duodenojejunostomy and resection of web with Heineke-Mikulicz type duodenoplasty. Bowel transit was reestablished at a mean of 13.1 days (range, 6 to 45 days). Seventy-percent of patients developed postoperative complications, the most frequent being megaduodenum with blind loop syndrome or bile reflux gastritis (22%), cholestatic jaundice (17%), gastroesophageal reflux (17%), delayed transit (8%), and bowel obstruction (8%). Six patients (18%) required secondary surgical procedures for postoperative complications (ie, megaduodenum, nonfunctioning anastomosis, missed intrinsic stenosis). Two patients died (6%). Stagnation and functional obstruction in the proximal duodenum is the main factor influencing the morbidity rate among these patients. Consideration should be given to the tapering duodenoplasty and diamond-shaped anastomosis in order to help reduce problems associated with megaduodenum and help restore earlier bowel transit.     

Choledochal cyst associated with duodenal obstruction

The association between congenital duodenal obstruction and concomitant choledochal cyst has not been reported, although duodenal obstruction is known to be associated with many other anomalies. The authors describe 2 patients with choledochal cyst with duodenal obstruction. In 1 patient, a diverticulum type of choledochal cyst was found within an annular pancreas. Cyst excision, choledochojejunostomy, and side-to-side duodeno-duodenostomy were performed. The other patient showed separated duodenal atresia and other multiple anomalies including imperforate anus. A choledochal cyst was noted at the time of duodeno-duodenostomy and sigmoid colostomy. Cyst-enterostomy was performed at the age of 8 months, but the patient died of multiple anomalies. Intraoperative cholangiography indicated an anomalous pancreatobiliary ductal junction (APBDJ). In both patients the bile in the cyst contained high levels of amylase, suggesting the presence of an APBDJ. An APBDJ is considered to play an etiologic role in the development of the choledochal cysts associated with duodenal obstruction.     

腹腔镜下吻合术治疗新生儿十二指肠梗阻

目的探讨腹腔镜下吻合术治疗新生儿十二指肠梗阻(congenital duodenal obstruction,CDO)的疗效。方法回顾分析2008年12月～2011年9月53例CDO患者临床资料。腹腔镜组27例,Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型十二指肠闭锁及环状胰腺15例行十二指肠菱形吻合术,十二指肠狭窄及Ⅰ型十二指肠闭锁8例行十二指肠纵切横缝术,4例Ⅰ型十二指肠闭锁行十二指肠菱形吻合术;开腹组26例,以上3种术式分别为12例、8例、6例。对比2组手术时间、术后住院时间、术后进食时间、住院费用及术后并发症情况。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组术后进食时间早[(5.8±1.6)d vs.(7.5±2.2)d,t=-3.060,P=0.004],但手术时间长[(113.8±39.2)min vs.(94.0±31.0)min,t=2.034,P=0.047]。2组术后住院时间和住院费用、并发症发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论腔镜下吻合术治疗新生儿十二指肠梗阻疗效肯定,在术后肠功能恢复上明显优于传统开腹手术。     

Gastrointestinal anomalies associated with esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula.

A retrospective analysis of 150 consecutive patients with esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula was undertaken. The incidence and variety of gastrointestinal (GI) anomalies, the method of management, and the cause of death were critically reviewed to outline preferred methods of management. Of these patients, 87 were male and 63 female. There were 62 GI anomalies in 40 patients. The most common GI anomalies included anorectal anomalies in 17 patients, malrotation of the midgut in 13 patients, duodenal atresia or stenosis in ten patients, and annular pancreas and ectopic pancreatic tissue in three patients each. Six patients had the combination of tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal obstruction, and anorectal anomaly. Of the 150 patients, 23 have died, with 15 deaths occurring in those with associated GI anomalies. The GI anomalies contributed directly to the deaths of five of these 15 patients. Delay in diagnosis and, on occasion, improper initial management resulted in increased morbidity and mortality.