新诊断2级高血压诊治病例

正1病例报告患者,男,66岁。发现血压升高4年,于4年前体检发现血压升高,当时血压为146/93 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),平素无自觉症状,未治疗。近日来工作紧张、劳累后头部不适,遂就诊。既往史:1年前诊断为2型糖尿病,未服药治疗。家族史:父亲患有高血压。体格检查:诊室血压165/98mm Hg;24h动态血压:全天血压呈非杓型分布,有晨起高血压;心率     

双侧肾动脉狭窄所致肾功能不全1例

正1病例患者,女,53岁,发现血压升高19年,加重伴头晕1个月入院。19年前患者体检时发现血压升高,最高至160/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),开始口服降压药(具体不详)治疗,偶测血压140/90 mm Hg。1个月前出现头晕,头痛,就诊外院,测血压200/     

高血压合并垂体腺瘤和肾上腺腺瘤一例

<正>1临床资料患者男性,60岁。因发现血压升高15年,加重1月余于2010年10月27日入院。患者15年前体检时发现血压升高,测血压150/90 mm Hg,诊断为"高血压",间断口服降压药物治疗,未监测血压。近10年来先后服用多种降压药物,自测血压维持在155～165/80～90 mm Hg,无不适。1个月前因"双下肢丹毒"入当地医院,调整降压药物(具体不详)后出现血压波动,在145～210/80～105 mm Hg之间,伴头晕、站立不稳,无头痛、视物旋转、黑矇。入我院前口服降压药物为吲达帕胺2.5 mg/d,马来酸依那普利10 mg/d,复方     

合并糖脂代谢异常高血压患者的降压治疗

<正>1临床资料患者女性,59岁,主诉为"反复头昏13年,发现血糖高5年,血压控制欠佳5月"。患者13年前开始反复出现头晕,外院查血压160/110mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa),诊断为高血压,予以硝苯地平片降压治疗,自诉血压控制差,具体不详,改为口服吲达帕胺+马来酸依那普利降压治疗,血压控制在130/80mm Hg,头晕症状明显缓解。5年前,患者体检时     

先天性主动脉缩窄伴房室间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭致高血压1例

<正>1 病例资料患者女性,52岁,因"发现血压升高40年,控制不佳伴双下肢水肿2个月"入院。患者40年前在外院行室间隔缺损修补术后出现血压升高,为140/70 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),无特殊不适,未服用任何药物,未规律监测血压。18年前患者开始先后服用利血平1片,1次/d,非洛地平5 mg,1次/d等药物降压,自诉血压可控制在140～160/60～70 mm Hg。2个月前出现双下肢水肿及双下肢乏力,无胸闷、憋     

高血压合并低血钾,究竟是为什么

<正>1 病例资料患者男性,67岁,主因"发现血压升高、伴低血钾1个月"入院。患者入院前1月体检时发现血压升高,为180/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),伴间断下肢乏力,无心悸、手抖、大汗,无胸痛、胸闷,无血尿、泡沫尿,就诊于外院,查血钾3.18 mmol/L,予氯化钾2 g/d及左旋氨氯地平5 mg,1次/d。期间患者规律服药,血压控制在140～150/80～100 mm Hg,伴间断乏     

病例203:肾动脉狭窄致难治性高血压并心功能不全1例

正患者,女性,77岁,于2017年5月12日以"发现血压高20年,气促1年,加重1周"为主诉入院。现病史:20年前发现血压升高达160/100 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)左右,其后未监测血压及规律服药。近1年出现劳力性气促并逐渐加重,血压最高达230/110mm Hg,多次就诊当地医院调整药物,开始     

病例195:52岁男性高血压合并双侧肾上腺占位1例

正2018年第8期(截稿日期2018年7月1日)患者,男性,52岁,主因"发现血压升高5年余,血压控制欠佳4个月"于2017年5月11日收入院。现病史:患者5年余前单位体检发现血压增高(150/120mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133kPa),诊断为"高血压",开始服用缬沙坦80mg/d降压治疗,血压控制在140/90mm Hg。2年余前因血压波动,调整药物为     

高血压伴高血钙症1例

正1临床资料患者女性,49岁,汉族,因"发现血压高2年多,血钙异常1周",于2015年11月09日入院。患者2年前体检发现血压高,既往最高血压180/100 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),长期规律服用"硝苯地平缓释片20mg,2次/d;替米沙坦40mg,1次/d"二联降压治疗,血压控制不佳,近1年内血压波动在130~170/70~100 mm Hg。2个月前无明显诱因出现四肢乏力,无肢体疼痛及肌肉萎缩,无行走困难,无怕热、多     

病例171:26岁男性,多囊肾伴蛋白尿合并高血压

正患者,男,26岁。以"发现高血压2年,血压波动1个月"入院。患者2年前体检时测血压高,具体血压值不详,未予诊治,后患者多次测血压均高,最高达170/110mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)。血压高时伴有头痛、头晕,无乏力、疲劳、心悸。患者未在意,未服药治疗,平时监测血压多在160/110 mm Hg左右。近1个月因血压高、不稳定就诊,行腹部超声检查提示多囊肾,为明确高血压原因,门诊以"高血压原因待查"收     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.