提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征的临床研究

目的研究提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征的临床疗效。方法6例中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者采用提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊手术治疗。结果随访6个月～5年,6例患者术后颌动瞬目症状消除,双侧睑裂对称,上睑缘无遮盖瞳孔,睑缘弧度自然美观,2例伴有轻度的上下睑闭合困难及上睑迟滞现象。结论提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术是治疗中重度Marcus-gunn综合征较理想的手术方法。     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

小睑裂综合征的联合手术方法

目的探讨小睑裂综合征的联合手术方法。方法小睑裂综合征l3例26眼,采用三联手术,即上睑提肌缩短术、上睑提肌缩短加横韧带悬吊术、额肌腱膜悬吊术或额肌悬吊术治疗上睑下垂;Spaeth双“Z”成形术和“Y-V”成形术治疗内眦赘皮;并进行外眦开大术以扩大睑裂,3项手术一次完成。结果术后外观有明显改善,睑裂长度和高度显著增加,内眦间距显著缩短。术前睑裂长度19~24mm,平均(21.0±1.4)mm,睑裂高度:1~4mm,平均(2.3±1.1)mm,内眦间距35~40mm,平均(37.0±1.6)mm,术后睑裂长度25~30mm,平均(27.4±1.3)mm。睑裂高度:5~8mm,平均(6.2±0.9)mm。内眦间距30~35mm,平均(32.7±1.3)mm,各相应组两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论三联手术治疗小睑裂综合征取得良好效果。     

网织带额肌悬吊术一期矫正儿童小睑裂综合征

目的:探讨网织带额肌悬吊术联合内眦韧带缩短、内眦成型术一期矫治儿童小睑裂综合征的手术效果。方法:对14例小睑裂综合征患儿行网织带额肌悬吊术联合内眦韧带缩短、Y-V内眦成型术,术后随访1～24mo。结果:小睑裂综合征患儿14例术后垂直睑裂5～9(平均6.67)mm;水平睑裂25～30(平均28.92)mm,双眼内眦距离30～35(平均30.57)mm。矫治效果满意,无严重并发症发生。结论:网织带额肌悬吊术联合内眦韧带缩短、内眦成型术一期矫治儿童小睑裂综合征是可行的。     

额肌悬吊术和提上睑肌-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 分析分别采用用额肌瓣悬吊术、提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂98例133只眼,比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组矫正上睑下垂的疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但前者术后有5例睑缘弧度不自然(6.9%),后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术都能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,但后者较符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

提上睑肌折叠联合额肌吻合术29例的临床疗效

目的 探讨改良的提上睑肌缩短术治疗上睑下垂的临床疗效。方法 选择29例（35眼）上睑下垂患，采用提上睑肌折叠联合额肌吻合术。结果 30眼上睑下垂术后早期平视时上睑缘遮盖上方角膜1-2mm25眼，睑裂为6-9mm为32眼（91.8%)，术后平均随访10（6-18）月，上睑缘位置轻度回退，最大回退量不超过2mm，上睑弧度及双重睑形成良好，睡眠时眼睑闭合良好，瞬目运动较自然。结论 该术式在改善提睑功能和增强美容效果两方面对矫正上睑下垂有良好的长期效果。     

额肌上睑提肌联合手术治疗重度上睑下垂

目的探讨重度上睑下垂的治疗方法。方法分析收治的48例重度上睑下垂患者行额肌上睑提肌联合手术治疗的疗效。结果 48例手术效果良好。2例因悬吊过高,于半年后恢复。双侧睑裂大小,重睑高度一致,睑缘弧度自然,流畅,眼睑闭合无角膜暴露,皱额耸眉姿态消失,随诊半年至1年效果满意。结论额肌上睑提肌联合手术治疗重度上睑下垂效果良好。     

提上瞼肌折叠聯合額肌吻合衍29例的臨床療效

目的 探讨改良的提上睑肌缩短术治疗上睑下垂的临床疗效。方法 选择29例(35眼)上睑下垂患者,采用提上睑肌折叠联合额肌吻合术。结果 30眼上睑下垂术後早期平视时上睑缘遮盖上方角膜1～2mm者25眼,睑裂为6～9mm为32眼(91.8％),术後平均随访10(6～18)月,上睑缘位置轻度回退,最大回退量不超过2mm,上睑弧度及双重睑形成良好,睡眠时眼睑闭合良好,瞬目运动较自然。结论 该术式在改善提睑功能和增强美容效果两方面对矫正上睑下垂有良好的长期效果。     

分期手术治疗先天性小睑裂综合征

目的观察分期手术(内眦成形术、外眦成形术、异体筋膜悬吊术)治疗先天性小睑裂综合征的临床疗效.方法对31例62眼先天性小睑裂综合征患者进行分期手术治疗.比较术前、术后睑裂长度、宽度、内眦间距与上睑缘的位置.结果睑裂平均长度由术前19.5 mm增至术后28.1 mm,睑裂平均宽度由术前3.4 mm增至术后8.6mm,平均内眦间距由术前35.6 mr减至术后25.3 mm,上睑缘位置由术前位于瞳孔上、下缘间提高至角膜上缘附近.1例发生暴露性角膜炎.结论分期手术治疗先天性小睑裂综合征能使睑裂长度和宽度接近或达到正常,有效地改善了外观.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.