胰腺囊性肿瘤9例诊治体会

胰腺囊性肿瘤临床较少见,主要包括浆液性囊腺瘤、黏液性囊腺瘤和黏液性囊腺癌。1994年5月～2003年6月,我院收治本病患者9例,均经病理证实。现报告如下。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗34例

目的:探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床诊治特点.方法:回顾性分析1980.2006年我院收治的34例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果:胰腺囊性肿瘤常见症状为腹痛,腹部包块,腹胀和上腹不适.各项检查及确诊率分别为:B超50%,CT 66.7%和MRI 80%.全组病例皆行手术治疗,手术切除率82.4%.手术并发症主要为胰瘘和脾窝积液.21例囊腺瘤生存,未见复发.1例黏液性囊腺瘤术后90 mo复发.1例导管内乳头状囊腺癌随访39 mo生存.黏液性囊腺癌中3例分别随访7,27和76 mo健在,2例分别在术后2 mo和4 mo出现腹腔转移.l例术后27 mo肿瘤复发死亡.结论:胰腺囊性肿瘤缺乏特异性临床表现.CT和MRI是主要诊断方法,联合应用影像手段可以提高确诊率.手术切除是主要治疗手段.大于5CM的浆液性囊性肿瘤建议手术治疗.未明性质的胰腺囊性肿瘤应积极手术探查.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的鉴别诊断（附10例分析）

胰腺囊性肿瘤是一种很少见的胰腺肿瘤，约占全部胰腺肿瘤的11％～15％，其中大部分病情发展慢，治疗效果好，有别于胰腺实质性癌肿。主要包括胰腺囊腺瘤、胰腺囊腺癌、胰腺乳头状囊性肿瘤及胰实质性肿瘤的缺血液化或感染所致的退行性病理改变。现将我们近年来收治的10例胰腺囊性肿瘤诊疗情况总结报告如下。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤9例诊治体会

1996年1月-2005年11月,我们共收治囊性肿瘤9例,疗效较好.现报告如下. 临床资料:本组男3例,女6例;年龄13～65岁.均经手术和病理检查证实,其中浆液性囊腺瘤5例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例,囊腺癌2例.病变位于胰头部2例,胰体尾部7例.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤13例诊治分析

胰腺囊性肿瘤术前确诊困难，手术是治疗该病的主要手段。我院自2002年6月～2005年10月共收治胰腺囊性肿瘤13例，现回顾分析他们的临床资料以及外科治疗方式。     

囊液分析在胰腺囊性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

胰腺囊性病变包括假性囊肿(pseudocysts,PC)和囊性肿瘤。近些年由于CT影像技术的发展,胰腺囊性病变的诊断率明显提高。胰腺囊性肿瘤仅占胰腺囊肿的10%～15%[1],但种类繁多,并且具有良性、交界性及恶性的不同程度分化,其中最常见的病变类型为:浆液性囊腺瘤(serous cystade-nomas     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治体会

胰腺囊性肿瘤（pancreatic cystic neoplasms）,也称为囊性胰腺肿瘤（cystic pancreatic neoplasms）,约占胰腺肿瘤的5％。随着对其认识的提高和影像学检查发现的增多,在过去的十年里,受到了前所未有的关注。胰腺囊性肿瘤在病变性质上可分为良性、交界性和恶性。1996年WHO根据肿瘤形态以及上皮细胞的特征,将胰腺囊性肿瘤分为三类,     

胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤(MCN)的诊断和外科治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2008年6月问在青岛大学医学院附属医院手术治疗的20例MCN患者的临床表现、病理特征、治疗方法和生存率等临床和随访资料.结果 患者以腹痛、上腹饱胀不适、恶心、呕吐为主要临床表现,11例有上腹部压痛,6例可触及上腹肿块.术前均行B超及CT检查,诊断13例为良性MCN,4例为胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤,3例为黏液性囊腺癌.肿瘤主要位于胰腺体、尾部,直径4～14 cm.20例均行手术治疗,以胰十二指肠切除术、胰体尾切除术为主.术后病理证实,良性MCN 10例,交界性MCN 3例,黏液性囊腺癌7例.术后平均随访26个月,良性MCN和交界性MCN患者均健在,无复发;黏液性囊腺癌患者3年生存率50%.结论 MCN主要好发于女性,临床表现无特征性,术前B超和CT检查可进行诊断,手术切除是惟一有效的治疗方法,预后较好.     

胰腺肿瘤的诊断及治疗：胰腺囊性病变

随着影像学技术的进步及人群健康查体意识的提高，无症状的胰腺囊性病变患者逐渐增多。胰腺囊性病变主要包括浆液性囊腺瘤（SCA）、黏液性囊腺瘤（MCA）、胰腺假性囊肿、潴留囊肿、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）、囊腺癌等。其中黏液性囊腺瘤和IPMN均被视为癌前病变。胰腺囊性病变患者绝大多数无临床症状，仅20％左右表现为上腹部隐痛、腹胀、消化道症状等，缺乏特异性；体格检查也多无阳性体征。是囊肿的某些特征和恶性肿瘤之间有相关性，这些特征包括存在实性占位性病变、囊肿增大和出现症状。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤与假性胰腺囊肿的鉴别诊断

目的：提高对胰腺囊性肿瘤诊断的认识，减少这种少见肿瘤的误诊误治。方法：对上海中山医院1958年4月～1995年7月经病理证实的15例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人进行回顾性分析，并与1962年9月～1995年7月收治的76例假性胰腺囊肿病人的临床表现和辅助检查特点进行比较。分析误诊的原因，探讨鉴别诊断的方法。结果：15例胰腺囊性肿瘤中，仅有6例（40％）术前明确诊断为胰腺囊性肿瘤，其余9例（60％）术前被误诊为胰腺假性囊肿或中上腹肿块而行手术，其中7例术中被诊为囊性肿瘤而获相应的根治性切除，另2例被错误地进行了内引流术．结论：胰腺囊性肿瘤非常少见，其临床特征、影象学表现与假性胰腺囊肿相似而常导致误诊。但只要综合运用病史分析、影象学特点、囊液分析、术中活检、术中和术后观察等方法，就能提高诊断的准确率。     

Insights into the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms

With the current epidemic of diagnosed pancreatic cystic neoplasms on the rise, a substantial amount of work has been done to unravel their biology, thus leading to implications on clinical decision making. Recent genetic profiling of resected human specimens has identified alterations in signaling pathways involving KRAS and GNAS signaling as early events in the pathogenesis of intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms. Progressively, mutations in genes such as TP53, SMAD4, RNF43, and others are thought to characterize invasive and advanced lesions. The role of inflammation in fueling the growth and transformation of these cysts has also begun to be studied with greater interest. A number of promising clinical studies have attempted to integrate these genetic insights into classifying these cysts and treating patients. We have reviewed existing literature on similar lines besides commenting on some useful animal models that recapitulate molecular and phenotypic progression of these cysts.     

Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: Predictors of Malignant Behavior and Management

Background/Aim:

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are being increasingly identified with the widespread use of advanced imaging techniques. In the absence of a good radiologic or pathologic test to preoperatively determine the dianosis, clinical characteristics might be helpful. The objectives of this analysis were to define the incidence and predictors of malignancy in pancreatic cysts.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with true pancreatic cysts who were treated at our institution were included. Patients with documented pseudocysts were excluded. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, radiological, surgical, and pathological records of those patients were reviewed.

Results:

Eighty-one patients had true pancreatic cyst. The mean age was 47 ± 15.5 years. There were 28.4% serous cystadenoma, 21% mucinous cystadenoma, 6.2% intraductal papillary tumors, 8.6% solid pseudopapillary tumors, 1.2% neuroendocrinal tumor, 3.7% ductal adenocarcinoma, and 30.9% mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Malignancy was significantly associated with men (P = 0.04), older age (0.0001), cysts larger than 3 cm in diameter (P = 0.001), presence of solid component (P = 0.0001), and cyst wall thickening (P = 0.0001). The majority of patients with malignancy were symptomatic (26/28, 92.9%). The symptoms that correlated with malignancy included abdominal pain (P = 0.04) and weight loss (P = 0.0001). Surgical procedures were based on the location and extension of the lesion.

Conclusion:

The most common pancreatic cysts were serous and mucinous cysts. These tumors were more common in females. Old age, male gender, large tumor, presence of solid component, wall thickness, and presence of symptoms may predict malignancy in the cyst.     

Diagnostic Concordance and Preoperative Risk Factors for Malignancy in Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms

Background/AimsAs pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are considered premalignant lesions, the current guidelines recommend their surgical resection. We aimed to investigate the concordance between preoperative and postoperative diagnoses and evaluate preoperative clinical parameters that could predict the malignant potential of MCNs.MethodsPatients who underwent surgical resection at Samsung Medical Center for pancreatic cystic lesions and whose pathology was confirmed to be MCN, between July 2000 and December 2017, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAmong a total of 132 patients 99 (75%) were diagnosed with MCN preoperatively. The most discordant preoperative diagnosis was an indeterminate pancreatic cyst. The proportion of male patients was higher (24.2% vs 7.1%, p=0.05) in the diagnosis-discordance group and the presence of worrisome features in radiologic imaging studies, such as wall thickening/enhancement (12.1% vs 37.4%, p=0.02) or solid component/mural nodule (3.0% vs 27.3%, p=0.02), was lower in the diagnosis-discordance group. The presence of symptoms (57.7% vs 34.9%, p=0.02), tumor size greater than 4 cm (80.8% vs 55.7%, p=0.04), and radiologic presence of a solid component/mural nodule (42.3% vs 16.0%, p=0.01) or duct dilatation (19.2% vs 6.6%, p=0.01) were significantly associated with malignant MCNs.ConclusionsIn our study, the overall diagnostic concordance rate was confirmed to be 75%, and our findings suggest that MCNs have a low malignancy potential when they are less than 4 cm in size, are asymptomatic and lack worrisome features on preoperative images.     

Cytopathological Analysis of Cyst Fluid Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy of Mucinous Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms

Widespread use of cross-sectional imaging and increasing age of the general population has increased the number of detected pancreatic cystic lesions. However, several pathological entities with a variety in malignant potential have to be discriminated to allow clinical decision making. Discrimination between mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) and nonmucinous pancreatic lesions is the primary step in the clinical work-up, as malignant transformation is mostly associated with mucinous PCN. We performed a retrospective analysis of all resected PCN in our tertiary center from 2000 to 2014, to evaluate preoperative diagnostic performance and the results of implementation of the consensus guidelines over time. This was followed by a prospective cohort study of patients with an undefined pancreatic cyst, where the added value of cytopathological mucin evaluation to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in cyst fluid for the discrimination of mucinous PCN and nonmucinous cysts was investigated. Retrospective analysis showed 115 patients operated for a PCN, with a correct preoperative classification in 96.2% of the patients. High-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma was observed in only 32.3% of mucinous PCN. In our prospective cohort (n = 71), 57.7% of patients were classified as having a mucinous PCN. CEA ≥192 ng/mL had an accuracy of 63.4%, and cytopathological mucin evaluation an accuracy of 73.0%. Combining these 2 tests further improved diagnostic accuracy of a mucinous PCN to 76.8%. CEA level and mucin evaluation were not predictive of the degree of dysplasia. These findings show that adding cytopathology to cyst fluid biochemistry improves discrimination between mucinous PCN and nonmucinous cysts.     

Overweight Increases the Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms

Distinguishing between benign and malignant pancreatic cysts remains a clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) and preoperative clinical and cyst features, as described by the International Consensus Guidelines, on malignancy in patients with pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (PMCNs).A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with PMCNs who underwent surgical resection between January 1994 and June 2014. Preoperative BMI, clinical demographic data, cystic features, tumor markers, and surgical pathology results were analyzed. Predictors of malignancy were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.One hundred sixty-four cases of PMCNs, including 106 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and 58 mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), were analyzed. On univariate analysis, older age (P = 0.008), male sex (P = 0.007), high-risk stigmata (P = 0.007), diabetes mellitus (DM; P = 0.008), and BMI >25 (P < 0.001) were associated with malignancy. Multivariate analysis found that BMI >25 (odds ratio, 3.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–10) was an independent predictor of malignancy. In subgroup analysis, BMI >25 was an independent predictor of malignancy in IPMNs but not in MCNs.Overweight patients with IPMNs have a higher risk of malignancy and should be followed closely or undergo resection. The operative strategy for PMCNs should consider cyst-related and patient-related risk factors.     

胰腺脓肿及胰腺坏死感染15例分析

目的:分析比较胰腺脓肿及胰腺坏死感染的临床特点、病原学特征、诊治措施和转归,以期改善其预后.方法:对1991年1月～2002年12月北京协和医院诊治的胰腺脓肿患者13例,胰腺坏死感染患者2例进行回顾性分析,比较其临床特点、诊断和治疗结果及预后.结果:(1)腴腺脓肿和胰腺坏死感染的好发因素有重症胰腺炎、手术后胰腺炎、囊肿穿刺引流.(2)所有患者病程中均有持续发热或体温降而复升,可伴或不伴腹痛、血白细胞和淀粉酶升高.(3)引流液细菌培养阳性率100%,由高到低依次为肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌和类酵母菌等,73.3%(11/15)为混合感染.(4)在内科支持治疗基础上全部患者行局部穿刺置管或手术清创引流,80%(12/15)好转出院,20%(3/15)死亡或放弃治疗.结论:(1)对持续中等度以上发热大于3周或体温下降后再次上升者,适时进行胰腺穿刺可以获得早期诊断.(2)积极的外科或介入治疗,同时密切监护、加强抗感染和全身支持治疗,有可能改善患者的预后.(3)与手术相比,介入治疗在胰腺脓肿中的应用前景有待进一步研究.     

K-ras Mutations Correlate with Atypical Cytology and Elevated CEA Levels in Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms

Introduction  

Benign pancreatic cystic neoplasms are important precursors to pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and offer the opportunity to prevent cancer. Conversely, prevention only occurs with surgical resection associated with significant morbidity and mortality, while the natural history of small cystic neoplasms is a slow and uncertain progression to malignancy. Markers that predict progression to malignancy are needed. Cyst fluid DNA analysis including K-ras mutations may predict more aggressive natural history of pancreatic cystic neoplasms.