腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术(5例报告)

目的 探讨在基层医院采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的临床应用.方法 浸润性膀胱癌患者5例,年龄60 ～ 65岁,男3例,女2例.采用OLYMPUS腹腔镜根治性切除膀胱后通过腹壁小切口形成回肠新膀胱,然后在腹腔镜下将新膀胱与尿道吻合.结果 5例患者手术均成功.手术平均时间8 h,出血量平均280 ml.术后2周拔除输尿管支架管,术后3周拔除导尿管.术后随访时间5 ～ 19个月,除1例女性患者外均能控制排尿,肾功能电解质大致在正常范围,未见肿瘤复发及远处转移.结论 腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术使传统的膀胱癌根治手术实现微创化,术中出血少,术后恢复快,在基层医院开展已成为可能.     

体外协助尿流改道的腹腔镜全膀胱根治性切除术

目的 探讨体外协助尿流改道的腹腔镜全膀胱根治性切除术的疗效.方法 2006年6月～2012年6月施行体外协助尿流改道的腹腔镜全膀胱根治性切除术28例,全膀胱切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫均在腹腔镜下完成,标本自下腹部小切口取出,体外协助尿流改道采用回肠膀胱术（Bricker手术）和原位回肠新膀胱2种术式,其中Bricker手术22例、原位回肠新膀胱术6例.结果 均一次手术成功,腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清除及全膀胱切除手术时间150～240 min,平均180 min;体外协助尿流改道时间90～270 min,平均150 min;术中出血200 ～900 ml,平均350 ml;肠功能恢复时间3～4d.6例原位回肠新膀胱2～4周拔除导尿管,能正常排尿,无尿潴留和肾功能损害发生.26例随访6～36个月,平均15个月,1例术后23个月死于复发及远处广泛转移,2例死于其他内科疾病,其余患者一般情况良好,未见肿瘤复发及转移.结论 体外协助尿流改道的腹腔镜全膀胱根治性切除术疗效满意.     

腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术100例总结

目的 总结腹腔镜下全膀胱切除的经验.方法 2002 年8 月至2007 年6月治疗浸润性膀胱癌100例,男82例,女18例,年龄32～81岁,无远处转移.腹腔镜下行盆腔淋巴结清扫,全膀胱切除,前列腺切除或子宫次全切除.经腹壁造口取出切除物,行乙状结肠去带原位新膀胱术.结果 100例腹腔镜下手术成功,手术时间80～270 min(平均150 min);开放原位新膀胱术160～300 min(平均210 min).腹腔镜下操作出血量100～300 ml(平均180 ml);开放性原位新膀胱术出血量400～800 ml;术中、术后输浓缩红细胞0～400 ml(平均200 ml).术后4～8 d恢复饮食,3周拔除输尿管支架管,4周拔除尿管.结论 腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术创伤小、出血少、术中操作精细、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快,可作为全膀胱切除手术的首选方法.     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱重建术(附5例报告)

目的:介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱重建术的经验。方法:采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱重建术治疗浸润性膀胱癌患者5例。方法是经腹壁小切口取出切除物,行回肠去管成形新膀胱,然后在腹腔镜下将新膀胱与尿道连续吻合。结果:5例患者手术成功,手术时间4.5~7.2h。腹腔镜手术中以超声刀及双极电凝行膀胱侧韧带、前列腺血管蒂及前列腺尖部切断止血,未使用钛夹、术中出血量180~550ml,平均输血400ml。术后4~5天恢复饮食,3周拔除输尿管支架管,4周拔除尿管。患者白天可完全控制排尿,2例夜间偶有尿失禁。1例术后尿漏,经引流治愈。结论:腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点;而回肠新膀胱和尿道连续吻合具有操作方便、省时、缝合紧密、可防止尿漏等优点。     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术(附5例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术的临床疗效。方法 2008年11月至2011年4月,采用5点穿刺经腹入路,先行腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治,继而体外构建回肠新膀胱,最后腹腔镜下行新膀胱尿道吻合,实施腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术5例。皆为男性,平均年龄67岁。结果手术时间420～600min,平均480min,术中失血量350～800ml,平均400ml。术后淋巴结及手术切缘均阴性。随访3～24个月,除1例有轻度夜间尿失禁外,其余患者均昼夜控尿良好。代膀胱充盈良好,容量200～350ml,平均270ml。平均最大尿流率12ml/s。1例出现勃起功能障碍。结论腹腔镜膀胱癌根治—原位回肠新膀胱术创伤小、出血少、并发症少且疗效满意。     

腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌（附30例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 收集2007年5月至2011年10月应用腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的浸润性膀胱癌患者30例.对其临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结.结果 所有手术均获得成功,无中转开放,手术时间180～360 min（平均240 min）,术中出血量150～450mL（平均220 mL）.术后4～8d恢复肠道正常蠕动功能,随访时间6～60个月,中位随访时间26个月.30例术后均能恢复较满意的控尿功能,平均膀胱容量约398mL,平均夜尿1～3次;1例出现夜间遗尿;2例出现尿漏;膀胱镜检查无尿道肿瘤复发;2例死于原发病转移.其余患者术后随访6个月血生化指标均正常,B超检查未见上尿路扩张积水.结论 腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术具有创伤小、出血少、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快、术后控尿满意等优点,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的一种理想手术方式.     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术(附16例报告)

目的探讨在基层医院采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的临床应用。方法对15例浸润性膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌Ⅱ～Ⅲ级、1例鳞状细胞癌患者行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加原位回肠代膀胱术,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复情况及术后并发症等手术效果。结果 16例患者膀胱根治均切除成功,手术时间240～320min。腹腔镜下失血量为100～500ml,平均为230ml。2例输浓缩红细胞2个单位。术后3d恢复肠蠕动并拔除耻骨后引流管,4d后开始进食。2周后拔除输尿管支架管。随访4～26个月,1例有排尿困难,5例术后早期出现轻微尿失禁,所有病例术后3个月均可完全控制排尿,5例男性患者有勃起功能障碍。16例均无复发。结论该术式具有微创、出血少、恢复快等特点,将成为治疗浸润性膀胱癌的安全、有效的方法之一,有可能在具有一定腹腔镜手术操作基础的基层医院逐步开展。     

腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌（附30例病例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法及临床疗效。方法 收集2007年5月至2011年10月应用腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的浸润性膀胱癌患者30例。对其临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结。结果 所有手术均获得成功,无中转开放,手术时间180～360 min(平均240 min),术中出血量150～450 ml(平均220 m1)。术后4～8d恢复肠道正常蠕动功能,随访时间6～60个月,中位随访时间26个月。30例术后均能恢复较满意的控尿功能,平均膀胱容量约398ml,平均夜尿1～3次;1例出现夜间遗尿; 2例出现尿漏;膀胱镜检查无尿道肿瘤复发;2例死于原发病转移。其余患者术后随访6个月血生化指标均正常,B超检查未见上尿路扩张积水。结论 腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术具有创伤小、出血少、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快．术后控尿满意等优点,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的一种理想手术方式。     

女性腹腔镜膀胱全切术+回肠新膀胱术24例临床分析

目的:探讨女性腹腔镜膀胱全切术+回肠新膀胱术的临床应用并总结临床体会。方法:2011年1月~2015年12月,对24例女性膀胱癌患者行腹腔镜膀胱全切术+回肠新膀胱术。随访10~46个月,平均26.4个月。观察患者围手术期及远期并发症以及患者排尿情况。结果:24例患者均成功完成手术,无严重并发症发生。平均手术时间(287±38)min,平均术中出血量(226±28)ml。术后3例出现轻度尿失禁,2个月后缓解。1例反复出现尿潴留。随访期内无肿瘤复发转移。结论:对于女性膀胱癌患者,腹腔镜膀胱全切术+回肠新膀胱术并发症少,复发率低,有较好的储尿和排尿功能。     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治加回肠膀胱术

目的:总结腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治加回肠膀胱术的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:2003年6月～2007年5月共行25例腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除、双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫加回肠膀胱术,患者平均年龄68岁,全膀胱切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫均在腹腔镜下完成,标本自下腹部小切口取出后,体外切取末端回肠10～15cm,近端闭合并与双侧输尿管吻合,远端造口于右下腹壁。结果:所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间210～320min,平均270min。术中出血220～1000ml,平均460ml。平均每例清扫淋巴结数10个,淋巴结阳性率16.2%,手术切缘均阴性。术后3～5天肠道功能恢复,1例因粘连性肠梗阻于术后1周再行手术探查松解粘连。术后2～3周拔除单J管,无肠漏及尿漏并发症发生。随访2～30个月,1例死于原发病转移,无腹壁造口狭窄发生,3例术后B超或造影显示单侧轻度肾积水和轻度输尿管扩张。结论:腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术具有创伤小,恢复快等优点,但手术难度较大,手术技术要求较高。回肠膀胱术手术操作相对简单,并发症少,可作为腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术后尿流改道可选方式之一。     

Minimally invasive laparoscopic neobladder

PURPOSE: To our knowledge orthotopic reconstruction after laparoscopic radical cystectomy has not been described in the human. After anatomical and surgical studies on cadavers we developed an original technique and performed the first laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and ileal orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in a patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our technique has 3 steps, namely laparoscopic pelvic clearance, external reconstruction and laparoscopic reconstruction. After cystoprostatectomy and lymphadenectomy were completed via laparoscopy we removed the surgical specimens through a 5 cm. supraumbilical incision. Through the same incision an ileal loop was extracted from the abdominal cavity, isolated, detubularized and partially reconfigured. Intestinal continuity was restored extracorporeally. All intestinal loops were inserted back into the abdomen and pneumoperitoneum was started again. The ureteroileal (nipple valve) and urethroileal anastomoses were formed via laparoscopy and the neobladder was then completed with an intracorporeal running suture. RESULTS: Operative time was 450 minutes and blood loss was 350 ml. Postoperatively pain was minimal. The patient was ambulatory, regained bowel activity on postoperative day 2 and began food intake 2 days later. He was discharged home on postoperative day 7 with an indwelling catheter, which was removed after 7 days. Histopathological examination showed organ confined bladder cancer without margin invasion. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge we report the first case of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal orthotopic reconstruction. This original technique combines the advantages of minimally invasive laparoscopy with the speed and safety of open surgery.     

Clinical experience of laparoscopic-assisted radical cystectomy with continent ileal reservoir

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic-assisted radical cystectomy with continent ileal reservoir reconstruction is a challenging procedure. We report our experience learned from a hand-assisted laparoscopic technique in our transition to a pure laparoscopic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted radical cystectomy with continent ileal reservoir. Hand-assisted laparoscopy was used for the first 11 patients and pure laparoscopy was performed for the subsequent 7 patients in radical cystectomy. Continent ileal reservoir reconstruction was performed extracorporeally via the hand port wound or trocar extension wound. Surgical outcome was analyzed in a retrospective review of the medical records. RESULTS: In the hand-assisted and pure laparoscopic groups, the mean operative time for cystectomy was 2.5 and 2.3 h, for continent ileal reservoir reconstruction it was 4.0 and 3.7 h, and for bilateral lymph node dissection it was 0.8 and 0.6 h, respectively. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 286 ml for the hand-assisted and 179 ml for the pure laparoscopic group. There were no major intraoperative complications nor need for conversion in any of the procedures. Bowel movement was regained in a mean of 3 days and the mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: The hand-assisted laparoscopic experience of radical cystectomy learned from the initial 11 patients effectively helped us in the transition to a pure laparoscopic approach. A comparable surgical outcome was found in both groups of patients.     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除并去带乙状结肠新膀胱术的临床应用

目的介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除去带乙状结肠新膀胱术的经验。方法对2002年7月至2006年10月间13例行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除并去带乙状结肠新膀胱术膀胱癌患者的临床资料进行总结与分析：手术方法、手术时间、术中出血量、术后疗效及并发症。结噪腹腔镜下全膀胱切除去带乙状结肠新膀胱术手术时间240～480min;术中出血量：150-1000ml,平均250ml;术后4～8d恢复饮食,3-4周拔除输尿管支架管,4周拔除尿管;术后3个月患者白天可完全控制排尿,8例夜间偶有尿失禁。术后未发生直肠损伤,肠瘘及内疝等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。结论腹腔镜下全膀胱切除去带乙状结肠新膀胱术出血少,肠道功能恢复快,并发症少,术后尿控率高,具有较好的应用价值。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术(附50例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术的手术方法和临床效果。方法:50例患者中男41例,女9例,52～76岁;经病理证实为浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,TNM分期:T2N0M028例,T3aN0M014例,T3bN0M08例。行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术,其中34例行原位乙状结肠代膀胱术,16例行输尿管造口术,观察手术时间,术中出血量,术后肠道功能恢复、并发症及手术效果。结果:手术时间5～10h,术中出血200～1000ml,术后约72h肠道功能恢复,术后2周拔输尿管导管,术后3周拔尿管后腹压排尿正常,术后3个月IVU未见肾积水,未发生腹腔并发症。结论:经腹腹腔镜全膀胱切除术,具有微创、出血少、恢复快等特点,随着技术的进步,该术式将成为治疗浸润性膀胱癌的较好方法之一。     

腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术加尿液改道治疗浸润性膀胱癌15例

【摘要】〓目的〓总结腹腔镜下全膀胱切除的经验。方法〓2010年8月至2015年1月治疗浸润性膀胱癌15例,男性13例,女性2例,年龄61~79岁,平均68岁。术前临床诊断:T2N0M0~ T3N0M0。腹腔镜下行盆腔淋巴结清扫,全膀胱切除,前列腺切除或子宫全切除、阴道壁部分切除。尿流改道方式:原位回肠新膀胱术4例;回肠通道术9例;输尿管皮肤造口术2例。结果〓15例手术成功,手术时间220~550 min(平均400 min)。出血量100~800 mL(平均240 mL);术中、术后输浓缩红细胞0~400 mL(平均200 mL)。术后3~8 d恢复饮食,3周拔除输尿管支架管,原位膀胱术者4周拔除尿管。随访1~40个月,无严重并发症发生。结论〓腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术创伤小、出血少、术中操作精细、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快,可作为全膀胱切除手术的首选方法。     

无线智能腔镜在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术中的运用

目的 研究无线智能腔镜在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术中的运用。方法 选取2021年5月至2022年6月安徽医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科收治的38例高级别浸润性膀胱癌患者,19例行传统高清腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术,19例行无线智能腔镜下膀胱癌根治术;比较两组在术前准备时间、手术时间、出血量、清晰度、握持感、图像延迟的差异。结果 在手术时间、出血量、清晰度、图像延迟上比较高清腹腔镜手术组与无线智能腹腔镜手术组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在术前准备时间上无线智能腹腔镜组短于传统高清腹腔镜组（P<0.05）;无线智能腔镜组术者术中的握持感要优于传统高清腹腔镜组（P<0.05）。结论 无线智能腔镜手术系统在膀胱癌根治术中是一种安全、有效的腹腔镜系统,可以降低术前准备时间、提高术者对腔镜镜头的握持感。     

The changing pattern of mortality and morbidity from radical cystectomy

OBJECTIVES: To examine the morbidity and mortality of radical cystectomy as currently practised, and to compare the findings with historical data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The operative mortality and early and late complications were recorded in 101 consecutive patients (median age 65 years, range 38-81; 33 aged >70 years) undergoing radical cystectomy between April 1992 and October 1997. Fifteen patients had relapsed after previous radical radiotherapy. RESULTS: The median postoperative stay was 14 days (range 8-44). There were two deaths within 60 days of surgery (of patients aged 46 and 59 years) from respiratory failure and sepsis, respectively. The mortality in the elderly was not more than in other age groups. The early morbidity included two cases of lower limb insufficiency, both in the salvage cystectomy group, where the morbidity was significantly higher than in those undergoing primary cystectomy (chi-squared, P<0.01). Three patients underwent early re-exploration. There were four clinically significant episodes of deep vein thrombosis and two pulmonary emboli that were not fatal. CONCLUSION: As currently practised, radical cystectomy is associated with a lower mortality (<2%) and morbidity than described previously. The added morbidity of salvage cystectomy and the acceptable mortality of primary cystectomy suggests that the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive disease is primary cystectomy, with external beam radiotherapy reserved for those patients unfit for major surgical intervention. Age alone should no longer be considered a contraindication to cystectomy.     

腹腔镜全膀胱切除术临床分析(附10例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术的手术方法和临床体会。方法:我院于2008年7月～2010年12月对10例经病理证实为浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌患者行腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术。其中男9例,女1例,年龄64～80岁,平均69岁。其中5例行原位回肠代膀胱术,5例行输尿管皮肤造口术,观察手术用时、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、并发症及手术疗效。结果:手术用时170～290min,平均210min;术中出血150～950ml,平均250ml;术后肠道功能恢复约72h;术后未发生肠瘘及吻合口狭窄及尿瘘等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡,术后3个月IVU未见肾积水。结论:经腹腹腔镜全膀胱切除术安全可行,能明显减少手术创伤,术中出血少,术后恢复快、并发症少,随着器械的改进及技术熟练,该术式将成为全膀胱切除手术的一种很有前景的方法。