Three dimensional measurements of the palate using the semiconductor laser 3. Changes in the palate section areas,palate projection areas and palate volumes in the early permanent dentition according to age

The objective of the study was to examine changes in palate section area, palate projection area and palate volume according to age. Using the maxillary dentition models, the palates of 10-, 12- and 14-year old children, who were in the early permanent dentition period, were measured threedimensionally using the semiconductor laser. Palate section areas between canines, the first premolars, second premolars and first molars became greater as children aged because the palate enlarged vertically with the growth and development of the maxilla. The palate projection area became greater as children aged because the palate enlarged laterally with the growth and development of the maxilla. The palate volume became greater as children aged because the palate enlarged laterally and vertically.     

Three dimensional measurement of the palate using the semiconductor laser 2. Changes in the palate section areas,palate projection areas and palate volumes in the mixed dentition

The objective of the study was to examine changes in palate sectional areas, palate projection areas and palate volumes according to age. Using the maxillary dentition models, the palates of 7-, 8- and 9-year-old children, who were in the mixed dentition period, were measured threedimensionally using the semiconductor laser. The palate section areas, particularly between deciduous canines, primary first molars, primary second molars and first molars, increased with age, as the palate expanded vertically along with the growth and development of the maxilla. The palate projection areas increased with age, as the palate expanded laterally along with the growth and development of the maxilla. The palate volume increased with age, as the palate expanded laterally and vertically.     

应用微型扩弓器矫治乳牙反(牙合)的临床效果观察

目的 乳牙反(牙合)患者制作改良(牙合)垫舌簧矫治器,应用微型螺旋扩弓器进行矫治器纵向加力.通过治疗前后的临床头影测量分析,探讨该改良矫治器的临床治疗效果.方法 选取乳牙反(牙合)病例20例,戴用改良(牙合)垫矫治器.对治疗前后的X线头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析及采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行统计学分析.结果 改良(牙合)垫矫治器治疗后ANB角平均增加0.97°(P＜0.01),Ptm-A(上颌长度)增加了1.65 mm(P＜0.01),U1-SN增加了13.37°,下唇突度明显减小:Li-E减小了-1.34 mm(P＜0.01).结论 增加了螺旋扩弓器的改良(殆)垫舌簧矫治器在乳牙反(牙合)的矫治中,矢状方向加力有效、稳定、易控,对乳牙反(牙合)的疗效确切.     

Three-dimensional analysis of the effects of the treatment on anterior crossbite in the primary dentition

We performed measurement using a 3-dimensional measurement system in study models of children with anterior crossbite in the primary dentition treated using a chin cap and lingual arch, and evaluated changes in the dentition and occlusion after treatment based on measurement values and also using wire frame models. Comparing with the situation before treatment, the overbite of anterior teeth shows improvement to become shallow and the terminal plane becomes vertical type and the occlusal plane becomes flatter. Labioclination of upper anterior teeth, linguoclination of lower anterior teeth and backward movement of lower dentition are observed. Occlusal view shows that both upper and lower dental arch become semicircular configuration. The width, depth and height of the post-treatment dentition became closer to the standard values. Chin cap and lingual arch treatment for anterior crossbite during early childhood is effective, and also helpful in the normal development of occlusion in children.     

使用隐形矫治器矫治替牙期反

目的:12例替牙期反病例,观察利用隐形矫治器加口内Ⅲ类牵引矫治替牙期功能性反的疗效。方法:选择利用隐形矫治器加下颌尖牙区和上颌第一磨牙区牵引钩,在口内进行颌间Ⅲ类牵引,矫治力大小根据病人的耐受力进行调整,约250～500 g。结果:12例病人均在5个月内完成矫治。矫治后前牙达到正常咬合,第一磨牙中性或基本中性关系。结论:带牵引钩的隐形矫治器颌间牵引,可有效矫治替牙期功能性反。是替牙期功能性反早期矫治的有效手段。     

早期阻断矫治后乳前牙反患者在替牙列期的颅颌形态特征

目的:探讨乳前牙反早期矫治后替牙列期的颅颌形态特征,进一步认识乳前牙反的发生和发展。方法:对接受早期阻断矫治的49例(男19例,女30例)乳前牙反患者进行追踪观察至替牙阶段的Hellman’s IIIA期病例,根据上、下颌恒切牙的覆盖情况将患者分为稳定组(37例;男14例,女23例)和复发组(12例;男5例,女7例)。对患者的头颅定位侧位片进行测量分析,比较两组患者牙、颌、面测量值之差异。结果:在矢状骨性关系中,复发组患者的SNA、ANB、Wits值、A-NPog及Co-A显著小于稳定组患者;在垂直骨性关系中,复发患者的蝶鞍角(N-S-Ar)较小,下颌角(Ar-Go-Me)较大。复发组患者的下切牙倾斜度(IMPA)显著小于稳定组患者。与稳定组相比,复发组患者的软组织面角(G-Sn-Pog′)较大。复发组患者的上唇位于审美平面之后,而稳定组患者的上唇位于审美平面之前。结论:在替牙列阶段的Hellman’s IIIA期,乳前牙反早期矫治后复发患者的颅面特征,与乳牙列期和恒牙列期安氏III类错患者均有所差别。     

Stability of anterior open bite in permanent dentition treated using extraction or non-extraction methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of each method

Purpose

To evaluate the literature on the stability of open bite treatment using extraction or non-extraction methods.

Removable appliances to correct anterior crossbites in the mixed dentition: a systematic review

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of an upper removable appliance in the treatment of an anterior crossbite in term of quality of life, effectiveness, treatment time, long term stability and cost minimization.

Design: Systematic review

Data source: A search strategy was implemented using both manual hand search and electronic databases, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Ebsco.

Study eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled clinical trials

Participants: Children in the early or late mixed dentition with an anterior crossbite affecting one or more incisors, and no underlying skeletal class III pattern.

Interventions: Upper removable appliance compared with other orthodontic appliances.

Study appraisal and synthesis: All potential articles were checked against the inclusion criteria independently, and in duplicate by two investigators. Risk of bias of eligible studies to be included in the final analysis was assessed independently by two authors using Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results: A total of 524 articles were identified in both manual and electronic searches as well as by checking the reference lists of the final articles to be included in the study. Only 7 reports of 3 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and thus were included in the final analysis. All but one of the 3 RCTs were judged to be of very low quality. No statistical methods were employed to combine the studies due to the heterogeneity of the studies.

Conclusion: A fixed appliance was more cost-effective than a removable appliance in the correction of an anterior crossbite with a functional shift. There was no significant difference in terms of quality of life, pain intensity or long-term stability between the two appliances. On the other hand, both a removable appliance and cemented bite-pads were equally effective in the correction of an anterior dental crossbite without having any side effect.     

局灶性腮腺病变三维超声成像的初步研究

目的探讨三维超声成像（3DUS）在局灶性腮腺病变的诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对33例局灶性腮腺病变行三维超声检查,评价其立体形态、体积、与周围结构毗邻关系等信息,并初步判断病灶良恶性;诊断结果与术后病理结果进行比较,计算敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性及Youden指数等统计学指标。结果三维超声可以较好地显示病灶的形态、边缘及与周边结构的关系,其对病灶良恶性的判断敏感性为85.7%、特异性为100%、阳性预测值为1.0、阴性预测值为0.96、准确性为96.97%、Youden指数为0.857。结论3DUS在局灶性腮腺病变的诊断与鉴别诊断方面具有一定的应用价值。     

Evaluation of selective caries removal in deciduous teeth by a fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser in vivo

This study investigated the ability and efficacy of an Er:YAG laser with a fluorescence feedback system for caries removal in deciduous teeth. Seventy-nine carious lesions were excavated using a fluorescence-controlled Er:YAG laser. Endpoint of treatment was defined by emission of fluorescence from the dentine surface below the pre-selected threshold level of 7 units and the subsequent termination of Er:YAG laser radiation. Dentine samples were obtained from the cavity floor, and viable counts of both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli, expressed as colony forming units (log CFU), were evaluated. Preparation time was recorded to assess efficacy of the treatment procedure. S. mutans and/or Lactobacilli were found in 25 out of 79 lesions. Regarding the counts for S. mutans and Lactobacilli, the median log CFU was 0 (min, 0; max, 5.5) and 0 (min, 0; max, 6), respectively, with 2.4% of all samples yielding more than 100 CFU S. mutans and 4.8% yielding more than 100 CFU Lactobacilli. In 8 out of 79 cases, laser excavated cavities were not judged being caries-free using the conventional tactile criterion for assessing caries tissue. Focussing on these teeth, the median log CFU was 0 (min, 0; max, 0.5) for S. mutans and 0 (min, 0; max, 1.6) for Lactobacilli. The mean time for treatment was 2.3 +/- 1.2 min. Of the children, 93.8% rated the laser treatment to be comfortable. The study indicates that the fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser might be an appropriate device for caries removal in children using the suggested threshold level of 7 units.     

转移因子联合半导体激光治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡的短期疗效观察

目的探讨转移因子（TF）口服治疗联合半导体激光治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡（RaU）的疗效及不良反应。方法将门诊100例RAU患者随机分为两组,治疗组60例,采用转移因子口服治疗联合半导体激光治疗：对照组40例,口服维生素C片剂和维生素B2,地塞米松粉剂涂搽溃疡处。两组分别观察1、2个疗程治疗结束后2周的临床疗效及不良反应。结果1个疗程治疗后2周治疗组的有效率（81．67％）高于对照组（55．0％）（P〈0．05）;2个疗程后2周治疗组有效率（86．67％）显著高于对照组（47．5％）（P〈0．05）。两组比较差异均有统计学意义（均为P〈0．05）。两组均未出现不良反应。结论应用转移因子口服治疗联合半导体激光治疗RAU有良好的短期治疗效果,无明显不良反应,能够明显的提高治疗RAU的有效率。     

The influence of caries of the deciduous teeth upon development of the dentition in patients with cleft lip, jaw and palate

In 417 children aged 3 to 8 years with cleft lip, jaw and palate, the prevalence of caries and the degree of treatment of deciduous teeth were compared with those of 258 cleft patients who had received preventive treatment.The prevalence of caries was reduced by more than 50% by preventive treatment. A statistically significant effect of the cleft on the prevalence of caries could not be demonstrated. longitudinal investigations on casts showed reduction of leeway spaces in consequence of caries and early extractions.Recommendations are made for curative pediatric dental treatment.     

Impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on oral health–related quality-of-life item levels:: A multivariate analysis

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on item-level analysis of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study of 787 children aged 8 to 10 years was conducted. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_8-10) was used to evaluate OHRQoL, and the analysis of item levels was performed on CPQ_8-10 domains. Anterior occlusal characteristics were diagnosed according to the Dental Aesthetic Index criteria. Individual analyses were performed relating the outcome as independent variables. The variables with P < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsNo associations were found with regard to anterior occlusal characteristics (P < .001) after the variables of the previous determinants were adjusted for multivariate analysis. However, the following variables were significantly associated with negative impact on OHRQoL item levels: sex, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.42; CI, 1.07–1.89) and emotional well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.79); race, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.48; CI, 1.10–1.98), emotional well-being (OR = 1.54; CI, 1.14–2.06), and social well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.80); and family income in functional limitation (OR = 1.46; CI, 1.06–2.02), emotional well-being (OR = 1.71; CI, 1.21–2.42), and social well-being (OR = 1.59; CI, 1.14–2.21).ConclusionsAnterior occlusal conditions did not affect the levels of OHRQoL items.     

Effect of maxillary and mandibular extrusion arches on dentoskeletal changes in adults with anterior open bite: a quantitative analysis

ObjectiveTo quantify dentoskeletal changes accompanying the use of extrusion arches during the treatment of anterior open bite (AOB) in adults.Materials and MethodsA total of 23 adult patients with an AOB of −3.05 mm ± 1.27 mm were treated with upper and lower extrusion arches after the alignment phase. Lateral cephalograms were taken before placement of the extrusion arch, immediately after closure of the open bite (T2), and at the end of orthodontic treatment (T3). Data were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsSuccessful closure of AOB, with an overall change in overbite of 4.73 ± 1.93 mm, was achieved in an average of 3.8 months and remained stable at T3. Upper and lower incisors were significantly extruded by 2.05 mm ± 0.72 mm and 2.54 mm ± 1.63 mm, respectively, and significantly retroclined by 6.36° ± 1.63° and 8.45° ± 3.83°, respectively, with a resultant increase in the interincisal angle of 12.80° ± 2.09°. Statistically significant intrusion and mesial tipping (P < .001) of the maxillary and mandibular first molars were observed at T2. Dentoskeletal changes remained stable at T3, except for a significant reduction of the mesial tipping of the maxillary and mandibular first molars.ConclusionsThe combined use of maxillary and mandibular extrusion arches resulted in significant favorable dentoskeletal changes that led to the successful closure of AOB during a short duration of treatment.     

不同牙根长度对双套冠覆盖义齿基牙受力的影响

目的 分析下颌双套冠覆盖义齿牙槽骨吸收程度不同对其应力分布的影响。方法 用三维有凶法,分析牙根长度不同时基牙的应务分布。结果 随着牙根周围牙槽骨高度下降,基牙根周骨内最大压应力值增加,应力集中范围增大,但在牙槽骨吸收至根尖１／３的范围内,应力值小于正常情况下牙周膜可耐受的最大压应力值。结论 下颌根周牙有吸收至根尖１／３的尖牙,在行截冠术和完善的牙体治疗后,如能保持合理的冠根比,即可用做覆盖义齿的基     

腭裂术后硬腭前后部瘢痕对上颌骨生长影响比较的有限元分析

目的 比较腭裂术后硬腭前后部瘢痕对上颌骨生长的抑制情况.方法 利用Ansys软件建立完全性与不完全性腭裂上颌骨三维有限元模型,在2个模型上分别分组施加相同大小、方向但不同受力区域的腭部瘢痕力,第一组在硬腭口腔面前1/4区施加,第二组在硬腭口腔面中前1/4区施加,第三组在硬腭口腔面中后1/4区施加,第四组在硬腭口腔面后1...     

The influence of Cu adatoms on the Zn upd on polycrystalline thin gold film electrodes: a study using surface conductance measurements

The adsorption behaviour of Zn upd and irreversibly adsorbed Cu on thin gold films in a NaH₂PO₄ electrolyte was studied applying both CV and surface conductance (SC) measurements. These processes were studied separately and the upd of Zn in the presence of previously adsorbed Cu was also studied. Zn upd and ups occur with an apparent number of transferred electrons n=1. The SC measurements show that Zn upd does not conform the surface Linde rule. The n value obtained can be explained by considering that the product is not Zn(0). The SC response of Cu irreversibly adsorbed on gold shows an increase in SC as the degree of coverage increases.The voltammetric response for the upd of Zn on Cu-covered gold electrodes shows that a Cu coverage around θ_Cu～0.66 is enough to inhibit the Zn upd process on gold completely. The charge relation (Q_Cu vs. Q_Zn) shows that one Cu adatom blocks one Zn site. The SC shows that the response of Zn on Cu pre-adsorbed on gold is additive. This last behaviour can be explained only by inferring a phase segregation in two dimensions where Cu and Zn depositions occur in the form of individual islands.