An unusual cranial dislocation of the mandibular condyle

We report an unusual case of a 20-year-old man who presented with a superolateral dislocation of the left condyle with intracranial penetration following a road traffic accident. Management included open reduction of the condyle, rigid intermaxillary fixation (IMF), and intensive jaw physiotherapy. One year after operation he had good functional outcome with an interincisal opening of 30 mm.     

Superolateral dislocation of an intact mandibular condyle into the temporal fossa: case report and literature review

Temporomandibular joint dislocation refers to the dislodgement of mandibular condyle from the glenoid fossa. Anterior and anteromedial dislocations of the mandibular condyle are frequently reported in the literature, but superolateral dislocation is a rare presentation. This report outlines a case of superolateral dislocation of an intact mandibular condyle that occurred in conjunction with an ipsilateral mandibular parasymphysis fracture. A review of the clinical features of superolateral dislocation of the mandibular condyle and the possible techniques of its reduction ranging from the most conservative means to extensive surgical interventions is presented.     

Posterior dislocation of mandibular condyle into external auditory canal. A case report.

A case is reported of a 49-year-old edentulous patient who suffered a posterior dislocation of the right fractured mandibular condyle causing a fracture of the tympanic plate. This was associated with a right transverse fracture of the petrous bone and an intact tympanic membrane. Some of the problems related to this condition are discussed.     

Posterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the external ear canal

A case of posterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the external ear canal has been presented. The anatomy of the area has been reviewed and the management of the condition has been discussed.     

Superolateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle associated with panfacial fracture: a case report and literature review

Abstract – Superolateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle (SDIMC) is rare. This case report focuses on a 15‐year‐old teenager who was involved in a motor vehicle accident as well a literature review regarding the SDIMC. Clinical examination demonstrated a diffuse edema in the midfacial area and a left lateral deflection of the mandible, including an open bite and a crepitation in the symphyseal region. Three‐dimensional computed tomography scans were taken, which presented a superolateral dislocation of the left mandibular condyle as well as panfacial fracture. The patient was set in intermaxillary fixation for 2 weeks and underwent subsequent active jaw physiotherapy, the evaluation of which presented satisfactory results. This case study also presents a literature review, which demonstrated 21 well‐documented cases of SDIMC. The patients’ mean age was of 29 years. The male gender proved to be more prevalent, with road traffic collisions representing the most common form of accident. Type II, with unilateral dislocation, proved to be the most common. The mean reduction time was 7 days. The open methods were the most commonly used reduction methods. Mandible fracture was associated with dislocation in 82% of the cases, with other facial fractures appearing in only 23% of the cases. Patient follow up presented satisfactory results in 59% of the cases.     

外伤致下颌骨髁突颅内移位：病例报告及文献复习

下颌骨髁突颈部结构薄弱,受外力作用时容易折断,从而通过缓冲创伤能量,避免颅中窝及颅脑等重要解剖部位受到损伤,可视为人体的一种自我保护机制。本文报告1例较为少见的髁突颅内移位外伤病例,髁突在未发生骨折的情况下向上移位,突破颅中窝底进入颅内,并结合相关文献,就其发生机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗进行讨论。     

An unusual mandibular dislocation

An unusual case of posterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle is reported. The difficulties that may arise in treatment of such injuries are discussed briefly.     

Superolateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle into the temporal fossa: review of the literature and report of a case

Anterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle is common, but superolateral dislocation is quite rare. Because of its rarity, this type of dislocation is often misdiagnosed or completely overlooked. We describe an additional case of superolateral dislocation of the intact condyle into the temporal fossa. We review all of the available English literature on superolateral dislocation and discuss a causative mechanism, the diagnostic features, and clinical management.     

颏部骨折伴髁突外上方脱位的治疗体会(附10例报告)

颏部骨折合并髁突骨折伴前内侧移位临床上常见,但颏部骨折伴髁突外上方脱位非常少见,容易漏诊和误诊,治疗不当易导致关节强直等后遗症.该文回顾10例颏部骨折伴髁突外上方脱位,并结合文献讨论其发生机制,诊断特征和临床治疗.     

Supero-lateral dislocation of sagittally split bifid mandibular condyle

A case of supero-lateral dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the temporal fossa is reported. The condyle was concurrently fractured antero-posteriorly forming a bifid mandibular condyle. The previously reported cases of supero-lateral dislocations into the temporal fossa are discussed and the literature of bifid condyle is reviewed.     

Dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa: a case report

Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is extremely rare. The authors present a case of superior dislocation of left condyle into the middle cranial fossa. The dislocated condyle was reduced successfully and then a flap of temporal muscle and a thin titanium network were used to repair the defect in the middle cranial fossa.     

Bifid mandibular condyle: a case report

The bifid mandibular condyle is a rare anomaly. A variety of causes are implicated with its development such as developmental origin and trauma. Because of the lack of epidemiological data, there is little information about the real incidence of this malformation. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of bifid mandibular condyle in a 20-year-old woman who referred to a private radiological clinic for routine dental examination. A panoramic radiography incidentally revealed a discrete modification of the left mandibular condyle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was taken and confirmed the diagnostic proposed.     

Trifid mandibular condyle: A case report

A few cases of bifid, but no case of trifid mandibular condyle, have been reported in the literature. This article presents the first reported case of trifid mandibular condyle in a living subject with a history of previous trauma to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Additionally, the patient's other condyle was bifid. The patient had no complaint related to the functions of TMJ except for minimal weakness following chewing. The etiology and the prognosis of bifid and trifid condyle are discussed briefly. We considered computed tomography essential to rule out early stages of TMJ pathology in similar cases that resemble trifid mandibular condyle on conventional radiographs.     

Bifid mandibular condyle: a case report

Abstract –  A case of left bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is reported in a 36-year-old female. The patient had a history of trauma in childhood. From the radiological examination, the left condyle was seen to have two anterioposteriorly situated heads. BMC is an extremely rare condition, where the condyle is duplicated or lobulated. The literature on BMC is reviewed, and possible cause of trauma and consequences of the anomaly are discussed.     

Trifid mandibular condyle: a case report

A suspected case of trifid mandibular condyle that was observed on a panoramic radiograph and confirmed using computed tomography (CT) is reported. No history of previous temporomandibular joint (TMJ) trauma was reported by the subject.     

Unilateral trifid mandibular condyle: a case report

Trifid mandibular condyle is an exceptionally rare entity, diagnosed accidentally on radiographic examination. Its etiology is controversial. Dental professionals should have knowledge of this anatomic abnormality and of the problems caused by it in normal function, as well as appropriate treatment modalities. In the literature, only three such cases have been reported. The current case report (the fourth reported) is of a unilateral trifid condyle reported in a 37-year-old woman seeking treatment for a missing tooth. A panoramic radiograph accidentally revealed a discrete modification of the right mandibular condyle. Computed tomography (CT) with 3-D construction was done to confirm the diagnosis.     

Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: a case report

Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle is a rarely seen malformation. The aetiology of bifid condyle is not completely understood, although developmental anomaly, traumas, condylar fracture, teratogenic embryopathy and surgical condylectomy may all be causative factors. Although a few studies on human dried skulls tried to shed light on this entity it remains obscure. As most bifid condyle subjects have no complaint related to temporamandibular joint(TMJ), the cases are generally diagnosed through incidental radiographic findings. The case of a 54-year-old female is presented. In a panoramic radiograph obtained after a clinical examination, bilateral bifid mandibular condyle was observed. The open-closed lateral radiograph of the TMJ (obtained using the TMJ-specific program of the panoramic device) demonstrated duplication of the right and left condyles. In order to better evaluate the TMJ morphology and to eliminate pathologies such as fractures that might be missed with conventional radiographs, a computed tomography scan was also obtained. The joint head orientation was observed in the mediolateral direction. The case is discussed in the context of the relevant literature. Until large population-based studies are undertaken and further experimental studies are performed, bifid condyle will remain an incidental finding of anatomic variation rather than a clinically informative observation.