Expression of heat shock protein 70 blocks thymic differentiation of T cells in transgenic mice.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved not only in protein folding, but also in processes of differentiation and cell-cycle progression. Recently, HSP70 has been implicated in mediation of functions of some immunosuppressive agents. To study the role of HSP70 in differentiation of haematopoietic cells, we generated transgenic mice using the human inducible hsp70 gene fused to the mouse H-2K promoter. These mice develop a T-cell deficiency that is characterized by thymic hypoplasia and a significant reduction in peripheral T cells. The total number of thymocytes is about 100-fold less than that in normal mice. The majority of the thymocytes are immature T cells that express neither CD4 nor CD8 molecules, indicating that T cells are affected at an early stage of thymic differentiation. Expression of the transgenic HSP70 was detected both in bone marrow cells and in thymocytes. Furthermore, injection of normal bone marrow cells into the T-cell deficient mice led to the generation of mature T cells indicating that the T-cell deficiency was caused by the action of HSP70 in T cells. The blockage of differentiation occurred only in T cells, both alphabeta- and gammadelta-T-cell receptor (TCR)-bearing cells, but not in B cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. The observations suggest that HSP70 may inhibit a cellular process that is essential for the differentiation of early stage T cells. Further experiments using this model system will widen our understanding of HSP70 and its function on a molecular level.     

Effects of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on arsenite-induced genotoxicity

Arsenic, a human carcinogen, is genotoxic, although its mechanism(s) of action for tumorigenesis is not well understood. Among the toxicity-related properties of this chemical are its clastogenic and aneugenic activities, as well as its capacity for inducing stress-response in the form of elevated heat shock protein (HSP) expression. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Hsp70 expression on arsenite (As)-induced structural and numerical chromosome anomalies in human cells. Human MCF-7 Tet-off cells stably transfected with a pTRE/Hsp70-1 transgene construct were used to regulate Hsp70 levels prior to in vitro As exposures. Separate cultures of relatively high vs. low Hsp70-expressing cells were established. A cytokinesis block micronucleus assay with kinetochore immunostaining was used to detect micronuclei (MN) derived from chromosome breakage (K-MN) or loss (K+MN). These studies demonstrated significant increases in micronucleus frequencies in response to As following either a long exposure (5 or 10 microM for 46 hr), or short exposure (10 or 40 microM for 8 hr) protocol. Overall, the long protocol was more efficient in producing K+MN and cells with multiple MN. Overexpressing Hsp70 resulted in significant reductions in the percent of cells positive for MN for both the long and short As exposure protocols. Both K+ and K- types of As-induced MN were lower in cells with elevated Hsp70 as compared to cells without overexpression of Hsp70. We conclude that the dose and duration of As exposure influence the type as well as amount of chromosomal alteration produced and that inducible Hsp70 protects against both the clastogenic and aneugenic effects of this chemical.     

新基因MAGE-n表位肽与人HSP70融合基因的构建及表达纯化

目的构建MAGE-n159-167(QLVFGIEVV)表位肽与人热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的融合基因并表达纯化。方法应用PCR方法,将QLVFGIEVV的cDNA序列融合到人HSP70基因的3'端,将融合基因克隆入原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建重组质粒pET-28a(+)QLVFGIEVV-HSP70;采用双酶切(Sac Ⅰ、Hind Ⅲ)及PCR鉴定后测序;转化大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达,Ni Sepharose6FF亲和填料进行分离纯化,SDS-PAGE检测表达及纯化结果。结果经PCR扩增成功获得约2.0kb的目的片段,重组体经Sac Ⅰ、Hind Ⅲ双酶切分析及PCR结果与预期结果一致,测序正确。转入重组质粒的E.coli BL21(DE3)经IPTG诱导、SDS-PAGE分析得到71kD左右的目的蛋白条带。用Ni Sepharose6FF亲和填料分离纯化,获得了纯化的融合蛋白。结论成功构建原核表达载体pET-28a(+)QLVFGIEVV-HSP70,并获得纯化的融合蛋白,为基于MAGE-n的肿瘤疫苗研制提供良好的抗原奠定了实验基础。     

热休克蛋白70对荷瘤鼠的治疗作用

目的研究肿瘤来源的热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)对荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用,为其应用提供参考依据.方法细胞培养、蛋白质提纯技术、western-blot法、毛细管电泳技术和动物实验等.结果应用5μgHSP70能延长小鼠的生存期限,平均生存(28.7±4.5)d,与对照组(18.5±3.9)d相比差异显著(P＜0.05);而10μg治疗组的小鼠生存期为＞(62.3±29.1)d,40%获长期生存(＞90d),所接种肿瘤完全消退.与其他组相比,差异具显著性(P＜0.01).结论肿瘤来源的HSP70具有明确的治疗作用,本研究对于研究应用肿瘤来源的热休克蛋白70治疗人类恶性肿瘤具有较重要的参考意义.     

肝癌抗原肽(EPVTKAEML)与人HSP70融合基因的构建及原核表达

目的:构建及原核表达肝癌抗原肽(EPVTKAEML)与人热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的融合基因.方法:采用加端PCR方法,将EPVTKAEML的基因序列融合到人HSP70基因的3′端;将融合基因克隆入原核表达载体pET-28a( )中,构建重组质粒pET-28a( )/EPVTKAEML-HSP70.经限制性内切酶BamH I、Xho I双酶切鉴定及序列测定后,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测表达结果.结果:应用加端PCR方法扩增出约2.0 kb的目的片段,序列测定结果证实,EPVTKAEML的基因序列成功地融合到人HSP70基因的3′端.经BamH I、Xho I酶切鉴定证实,融合基因成功地克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a( )上;转入重组质粒的E.coli BL21(DE3)经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE分析发现在相对分子质量(Mr)约72 000处有表达量明显增多的蛋白条带.结论:成功地构建并表达了肝癌抗原肽(EPVTKAEML)与人HSP70的融合基因.     

Association of heat shock protein 70 induction and the amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) serves as a model of human endogeneous uveitis. In the present study we examined whether induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 by oral geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) administration had a therapeutic effect on murine EAU. When C57BL/6 mice that had received oral administration of GGA (500mg/kg) were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-derived peptide plus adjuvants, the expression levels of HSP70 mRNA and protein were rapidly and transiently upregulated in eyes of the GGA-treated mice, compared with those from vehicle-pretreated and IRBP-immunized mice. The antigen-specific T cell proliferation was partially suppressed in these mice treated with GGA. The mean EAU scores of the GGA-treated mice on day 21 and 28 (2.4+/-0.2 and 2.1+/-0.2, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the controls (3.0+/-0.1 and 2.6+/-0.2, respectively p<0.01). The histopathological severity of the GGA-treated mice (average 0.33) was markedly milder than that in the controls (average 1.63, p<0.05) at day 21. The present findings demonstrate that the pharmacological induction of HSP70 may be applicable to the amelioration of ocular autoimmune diseases.     

人热休克蛋白70基因的原核表达

目的 表达人热休克蛋白70（HSP70）并进行鉴定。方法 用PCR方法扩增人HSP70基因片段，经T-A克隆法克隆到载体pUCm-T中，并进行DNA测序，将人HSP70基因片段从载体pUCm-T中酶切后，构建重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-HSP70，并转化大肠杆菌JM109，用IPTG诱导，收集细菌，菌体裂解后进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测。结果 人HSP70基因的PCR产物约为1.9kb。序列测定结果证实，所获目的序列与文献[3]报道的相一致，经EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切鉴定证实。人HSP70基因已成功地克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1中，构建的表达载体pGEX-4T-1-HSP70，能很好地在大肠杆菌中表达相对分子质量（Mr)为96000并具有抗原特性的融合蛋白，结论 成功地克隆并表达了HSP70基因，为研究HSP70的结构。功能与临床应用提供了必要条件。     

The heat shock protein Hsp70 enhances antigen-specific proliferation of human CD4+ memory T cells

Heat shock proteins (HSP) can interact with a wide variety of peptides and the resulting HSP:peptide complexes are known to be highly immunogenic. The ability of HSP:peptide complexes to elicit CD8+ T cell responses by cross-presentation of exogenous antigen via MHC class I is well known. In contrast, their role in the activation of CD4+ T cells is less clearly defined, although several recent studies in mice and T cell lines suggest an involvement of HSP in the presentation of antigenic peptides via MHC class II. In this study we have investigated the potential of antigenic peptides from tetanus toxin and influenza hemagglutinin complexed to the human stress-inducible Hsp70 to enhance activation and proliferation of human memory CD4+ T cells. Hsp70:peptide complexes were found to amplify the proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells as confirmed by HLA-DR tetramer staining. Complex formation of the antigenic peptide with Hsp70 was absolutely required to elicit an antigen-specific amplification. This effect was most pronounced at low doses of antigen and decreasing APC/CD4+ T cell ratios. Taken together, we show the potential of Hsp70 to enhance antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and to increase the immunogenicity of presented peptides in human CD4+ T cells.     

Immunohistochemical expression of heat shock protein 70 in vitiligo

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins that are expressed under variety of stresses including pathologic conditions. How stresses affect vitiligo is not fully understood and little is known about the role of HSPs generally and Hsp70 specifically in vitiligo. The current study investigated the expression of Hsp70 in vitiliginous (32) and normal skin (10) by immunohistochemistry together with correlating this expression with the clinicopathologic parameters in the studied vitiligo group. Hsp70 was expressed in the cytoplasm of epidermis in all normal skin compared with its localization to the cytoplasm in 35.5% and to the nuclei in 64.5% of epidermis in vitiligo lesions. Intense (P < .001) and diffuse (P < .001) expression of Hsp70 was in favor of vitiligo skin compared with normal skin. Nuclear form of Hsp70 tended to be expressed in progressive forms of the disease. The percentage of Hsp70 expression tended to be decreased with the duration of the disease. From the present study, up-regulation of HSP 70, in the form of its intense and diffuse expression, may be blamed in pathogenesis of vitiligo. Nuclear localization of HSP 70 may be more important than its presence or absence, beside it may be related to progression of the disease.     

Thymulin,A Thymic Peptide,Prevents the Overproduction of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 in Inflammation-Bearing Mice

The effects of synthetic analogue of peptide hormone thymulin, which is normally produced by thymic epithelial cells, on immune cells activity and blood cytokine profile had been studied in male NMRI mice with acute inflammation induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria (LPS, 250 μg/100 g of body weight). Inflammation induced by LPS resulted in accumulation of several plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, interferon-γ, and also IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokine. Thymulin previously injected in dose of 15 μg/100 g body weight, prevented the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines in plasma. Thymulin also prevented LPS-induced up-regulation of production of several cytokines by spleen lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Added in vitro, thymulin decreased the peak of TNF-α production in macrophages cultivated with LPS. In addition, thymulin lowered the peak of Hsp70 production induced by LPS treatment. The results indicate that thymulin having significant anti-inflammatory effect may be promising in clinical application.     

热休克蛋白70、90在子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌组织中热休克蛋白(HSP)70、90的表达及意义。方法:用免疫组化Envision法及图象分析仪,检测 30例正常子宫内膜、30例增生过长子宫内膜和53例子宫内膜癌中HSP70、HSP90的表达。结果:子宫内膜癌中HSP70表达的灰度值为(209.06±5.36),明显高于正常内膜[(145.21±4.09),P<0.01]和增生过长内膜[(148.59±4.23),P<0.01];子宫内膜癌中HSP90表达的灰度值为(166.98±5.71),明显低于正常子宫内膜[(208.57±31.14),P<0.05]和增生过长子宫内膜[(249.73±4.94),P<0.01]。子宫内膜癌中HSP70的表达随肿瘤病理分级的增加而增强(P<0.01),非内膜样癌(229.90±3.77)较内膜样癌表达强[(198.37±3.15),P<0.01];子宫内膜癌中HSP90表达随肿瘤病理分级的升高而表达减弱,非内膜样癌(140.21±3.22)较内膜样癌表达减弱[(176.59±2.79),P<0.01]。子宫内膜癌中HSP70、90的表达与肌层浸润深度、临床分期及淋巴结转移未见显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:HSP70、90可能与子宫内膜癌的发生及预后有关。     

Photo-acoustic stimulation increases the amount of 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) in human whole saliva. A pilot study.

Long-term photo-acoustic stimulation leads to changes in the composition of saliva, which may have a key contribution to the effectivity of this technique in easing mucosal symptoms of psychosomatic patients. In the present study a significant (P 相似文献   

Identification of heat shock protein 70 in the rabies virion.

We investigated a 73-kDa polypeptide (p73), a minor component of the rabies virion (HEP-Flury and ERA strains), accounting for as much as 1% of total virion proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with the antiserum against the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) demonstrated that p73 was identical to a constitutive type of cellular hsp70. The antiserum also detected p73/hsp70 in the purified virions of other negative-stranded RNA viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype), Newcastle disease virus (Miyadera strain), and influenza A virus (PR8 strain), among which, however, the contents were variable.     

Promoter of the heat shock testis-specific Hsp70.2/Hst70 gene is active in nervous system during embryonic development of mice

The Hsp70.2/Hst70 gene is a unique member of the 70 kDa heat shock proteins multigene family whose activity is regulated developmentally; in adult mice and rats its expression is restricted mostly to meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells. In aim to analyze activity of the Hsp70.2/Hst70 promoter in developing embryos we have constructed transgenic mice expressing EGFP reporter gene under control of the rat Hst70 promoter. The appearance of EGFP fluorescence coincides with series of major developmental events, such as extra-embryonic membranes formation, axial rotation, formation of neural tube and the primordium of central nervous system, formation of differentiated somites, extensive remodeling of the heart, development of fingers and toes, and sensory organs formation. Activity of the Hst70 promoter localizes mostly inside nervous system indicating the role of Hsp70.2/Hst70 gene in development of this system.     

肿瘤热休克蛋白70联合IL-2对荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用

目的:研究肿瘤热休克蛋白70(HSP70)与IL-2联合应用对荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用。方法:用液相色谱法纯化小鼠肿瘤细胞 株中的HSP70。对纯化产物用SDS-PAGE及Western blot进行定性分析,再用毛细管电泳鉴定其纯度。通过动物实验,观察HSP70与IL-2单独应用及联合应用的抗肿瘤作用。结果:HSP70与IL-2联合应用较单独应用的治疗效果更明显,但治疗作用仍以HSP70为主。单独应用IL-2只能延长小鼠的生存期限[平均为(36.6±13.0)d],而HSP70 10μg组可使40％荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤最终全部消退,生存期最长者>90[平均生存期(>59.2±29.6)d],与对照组相比较差异显著(P<0.01)。HSP70与IL-2联合应用组可使60％荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤完全消退,平均生存期(>70.8±26.5)d,与对照组相比差异十分显著(P<0.01)。结论:合适剂量的HSP70与IL-2联合应用,对荷瘤小鼠有明显的治疗作用,可明显抑制肿瘤进展,提高生存率。以上结果对研究人类恶性肿瘤的免疫治疗具有较大的参考价值。     

Serum heat shock protein 70 level as a biomarker of exceptional longevity

Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that, when produced intracellularly, protect stress exposed cells. In contrast, extracellular heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been shown to have both protective and deleterious effects. In this study, we assessed heat shock protein 70 for its potential role in human longevity. Because of the importance of HSP to disease processes, cellular protection, and inflammation, we hypothesized that: (1) Hsp70 levels in centenarians and centenarian offspring are different from controls and (2) alleles in genes associated with Hsp70 explain these differences. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed serum Hsp70 levels from participants enrolled in either the New England Centenarian Study (NECS) or the Longevity Genes Project (LGP): 87 centenarians (from LGP), 93 centenarian offspring (from NECS), and 126 controls (43 from NECS, 83 from LGP). We also examined genotypic and allelic frequencies of polymorphisms in HSP70-A1A and HSP70-A1B in 347 centenarians (266 from the NECS, 81 from the LGP), 260 NECS centenarian offspring, and 238 controls (NECS: 53 spousal controls and 106 septuagenarian offspring controls; LGP: 79 spousal controls). The adjusted mean serum Hsp70 levels (ng/mL) for the NECS centenarian offspring, LGP centenarians, LGP spousal controls, and NECS controls were 1.05, 1.13, 3.07, 6.93, respectively, suggesting that a low serum Hsp70 level is associated with longevity; however, no genetic associations were found with two SNPs within two hsp70 genes.     

Heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90 expression in light- and dark-adapted adult octopus retinas

Light- and dark-adaptation leads to changes in rhabdom morphology and photopigment distribution in the octopus retina. Molecular chaperones, including heat shock proteins (Hsps), may be involved in specific signaling pathways that cause changes in photoreceptor actin- and tubulin-based cytoskeletons and movement of the photopigments, rhodopsin and retinochrome. In this study, we used immunoblotting, in situ RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to localize the inducible form of Hsp70 and the larger Hsp90 in light- and dark-adapted and dorsal and ventral halves of adult octopus retinas. The Hsps showed differences in distribution between the light and dark and in dorsal vs. ventral position in the retina. Double labeling confocal microscopy co-localized Hsp70 with actin and tubulin, and Hsp90 with the photopigment, retinochrome. Our results demonstrate the presence of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in otherwise non-stressed light- and dark-adapted octopus retinas. These Hsps may help stabilize the cytoskeleton, important for rhabdom structure, and are perhaps involved in the redistribution of retinochrome in conditions of light and dark.     

Distribution of 70kDa heat shock protein in rabbit brains after heat stress and heat stroke

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the relationship between the induction of 70kDa heat shock protein in rabbit brains and heat stress. METHODS: HSP70 was detected using monoclonal antibody by ABC method in rabbit hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerberal cortex. RESULTS: Intense HSP70 staining was displayed in rabbit brains of the heat stroke group (rectal temperature 43 degrees C to death). Positive cells were distributed mainly in the CA1, CA2 regions of the hippocampus; granular cell layer I and pyramidal layer (II) of the cerebral cortex; and the periventricular area of hypothalamus. HSP70-psoitive substances were localized in the cytoplasm and neuronal processes, a few neurons exhibited dark staining nucle. Hosever, the rabbit brains of the general heat stress group (rectal temperature 42.0 degrees C, 30 minutes) had much weaker staining. CONCLUSION: Hyperthermia causes neuronal expression of HSP70, particularly under strong heat stress, and may be sustained till death.     

Induction of diabetes in standard mice by immunization with the p277 peptide of a 60-kDa heat shock protein

We previously reported that immunity to the p277 peptide of the human 60-kDa heat shock protein (hsp60) was a causal factor in the diabetes of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which are genetically prone to develop spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. The present study was done to test whether immunization with the p277 peptide could cause diabetes in standard strains of mice. We now report that a single administration of the p277 peptide conjugated to carrier molecules such as bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin can induce diabetes in C57BL/6 mice and in other strains not genetically prone to develop diabetes. The diabetes was marked by hyperglycemia, insulitis, insulin autoantibodies, glucose intolerance and low blood levels of insulin. The diabetes could be transferred to naive recipients by anti-p277 T cell lines. Similar to other experimentally induced autoimmune diseases, the autoimmune diabetes remitted spontaneously. After recovery, the mice were found to have acquired resistance to a second induction of diabetes. Susceptibility to induced diabetes in C57BL/6 mice was influenced by sex (males were much more susceptible than were females) and by class II genes in the major histocompatibility complex (B6.H-2^bm12 mice with a mutation in the MHC-II molecule were relatively resistant). Other strains of mice susceptible to induced diabetes were C57BL/KSJ, C3HeB/FeJ, and NON/Lt. BALB/c and C3H/HeJ strains were relatively resistant. Immunization to p277-carrier conjugates could also induce transient hyperglycemia in young NOD mice, but upon recovery from the induced diabetes, the NOD mice were found to have acquired resistance to later development of spontaneous diabetes. Thus, T cell immunity to the p277 peptide can suffice to induce diabetes in standard mice, and a short bout of induced diabetes can affect the chronic process that would otherwise lead to spontaneous diabetes in diabetes-prone NOD mice.     

Thermal adaptation activates HSP70 synthesis, inhibits overproduction of nitric oxide, and protects the body from acute hypotension during heat shock

The role of HSP70 and nitric oxide in antihypotensive effects of thermal adaptation was studied. Western blot analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance were used to determine the contents of HSP70 and nitric oxide. Protective effect of adaptation was evaluated by the limitation of blood pressure drop after heat shock. The formation of protective effects, accumulation of HSP70, and development of the ability to decrease nitric oxide overproduction had similar dynamic patterns and appeared at the same period. Quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP70 synthesis, prevented the development of protective effects. The data suggest that HSP70 accumulated during adaptation prevents heat shock-induced hypotension by restricting NO over-production and interfering with its cytotoxic effects. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 11, pp. 507–510, November, 1999