山西省12个贫困县乡镇卫生院卫生资源与状况分析

文章利用１２个贫困县（卫生Ⅷ项目县）１９９７年的基线调查资料，对１２个贫困县共２１０个乡镇卫生院的卫生人力、房屋设备、卫生服务以及资源利用情况进行了分析，指出了贫困地区乡镇卫生院存在的问题并提出了几点建设     

乡镇卫生院管理的难点与对策

认为当前卫生院存在的主要问题是缺乏人才、缺乏技术、缺乏资金、缺乏设备、房屋陈旧、设施老化等，有针对性地提出要加大对乡镇卫生院的投入、积极推行人事制度改革、加强乡镇卫生院内部管理、加强乡镇卫生医疗队伍建设等对策，并对政府在推进卫生院建设中应该履行的职责提出了建议。     

乡镇卫生院管理的难点与对策

认为当前卫生院存在的主要问题为缺乏人才、缺乏技术、缺乏资金、缺乏设备、房屋陈旧、设施老化等，有针对性地提出要加大对乡镇卫生院的投人、积极推行人事制度改革、加强乡镇卫生院内部管理、加强乡镇卫生医疗队伍建设等对策，并对政府在推进卫生院建设中应该履行的职责提出了建议。     

对辽宁省农村卫生人才培养的调查报告

乡镇卫生院在我国农村三级医疗预防保健中起着承上启下的枢纽作用,要完成乡镇卫生院所承担的预防保健和医疗任务,必须实现房屋、设备、技术、人才管理五配套。在五配套中,关键是房屋、设备和人才,因为技术和管理都是通过人去完成的。从“八五”计划开始,国家设立农村卫生专项基金,用于农村乡镇卫生院的建设。经过5～10十年,中央和地方的共同努力,将会使农村乡镇卫生院的房屋状况普遍得以改善。随着乡镇卫生院房屋问题的解决,农村卫生人才的问题将会被摆在一个十分突出的位置。目前,我国乡镇卫生     

安徽省农村卫生基础设施现状研究——乡镇卫生院卫生资源配置调查分析

通过问卷调查，了解安徽省乡镇卫生院卫生资源配置情况，对不同地区进行分析。结果表明：不同地区乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员构成存在一定差别，人员素质有待提高；不同地区乡镇卫生院房屋构成存在不均衡，危房仍占相当比例；乡镇卫生院配置的设备难以完全满足其功能需要，并提出了相关建议。     

医改背景下我国乡镇卫生院的资源配置与利用分析

通过分析多年国家卫生统计年报资料和1993、1998及2003年国家卫生服务调查资料,发现,近年来我国乡镇卫生院人员数量有所增加,但学历和职称水平偏低.随着财政补偿水平的逐年提高,乡镇卫生院收支状况逐步好转,院均房屋面积和设备价值增加,但是资源利用率总体不高.目前,乡镇卫生人员能力问题已成为影响我国乡镇卫生院资源有效利用的主要问题.因此,在医改推进过程中,需要重视乡镇卫生人员能力建设.同时,可以通过拓展公共卫生服务来进一步提高乡镇卫生院资源的利用效率.     

我国乡镇卫生院总收入与卫生资源投入的灰色关联分析

[目的 ]分析乡镇卫生院卫生资源投入与其收入的灰色关联程度,为优化乡镇卫生院发展提供对策建议。[方法 ]应用灰色关联分析乡镇卫生院卫生资源投入与其总收入之间的关联程度。[结果 ]乡镇卫生院总收入呈上升趋势,年平均增长率为13.51%;万元以上设备数、卫生技术人员数、床位数与总收入呈高度关联性,而房屋占地面积与总收入呈弱关联性。[结论 ]乡镇卫生院资源投入与收入之间并不匹配,应科学配置医疗设备,调整开放床位数,同时提高床位利用率,加强人才队伍建设,提升基础设施投入来提高收治能力和诊治能力。     

乡镇卫生院建设项目评估

目的：通过评估四川省乡镇卫生院卫生建设项目，了解建设项目的筹资、效果和存在问题等。方法：采用现场调查并进行筹资分析和效果分析方法。结果：受调查单位共筹资6027．55万元进行了房屋、设备和人员等方面建设，极大地改善了乡镇卫生院的服务条件和服务功能。结论：通过建设项目实施，能较好地引导地方政府对卫生院的建设，目前仍需加强投入与管理，以促进建设项目的发展。     

借助无形资产带动乡镇卫生院的发展

乡镇卫生院在卫生战线的地位和作用众所周知，而乡镇卫生院的困境和危机也愈来愈引起社会各界的关注及各级政府和卫生行政部门的重视。如何振兴乡镇卫生院，近几年来许多地方迈出了可喜的步子，诸如经济承包制、风险抵押制和股份合作制等，积累了许多宝贵的经验。我市在借鉴这些经验的同时，采取了城市医院以无形资产入股乡镇卫生院，从而带动乡镇卫生院发展的做法，即将城市医院无形资产转化为乡镇卫生院的活力、动力，取得了一定成效。乡镇卫生院的现状可用“老、弱、贫、残”四个字概括。“老”表现为卫技人员、房屋及设备的老化。“弱”…     

加强乡镇卫生院内涵建设的措施与效果

乡镇卫生院面对社会主义市场经济的大潮，显得特别脆弱，难以适应，诸如严重不足的政府投入，竞争激烈的医疗市场和多层次、多方位的卫生服务需求等外环境，使乡镇卫生院几乎举步维艰。又如人多才少、收不抵支、设备老化、房屋简陋、技术落后和人心浮动等内环境，使乡镇卫...     

山东省县级卫生防疫站10年建设情况分析

文章对山东省县级卫生防疫站近10年的卫生人力、房屋、设备等卫生资源的建设与发展情况做了调查与分析。经过10年的建设,全省县级卫生防疫站在房屋、设备、人力、效益等方面均有较大发展。但资金投入方向不尽合理,大部分都用于房屋建设,投入于设备尤其卫生人力建设方面的资金较少。建议今后应注意增加对人力等软件的投入,切实加强农村预防保健工作。     

医院建筑电气设计的难点和要点

通过对医院建筑电气设计经常遇到的有关医疗场所的类别和级别划分、医疗场所对低压配电系统的接地型式要求、医疗场所中低压配电系统的供电方式及医疗场所的接地和等电位联结等问题进行研究，分析医院建筑电气设计的难点和要点，同时针对医院建筑有别于其他公共建筑，讲明了其电气设计具有的特殊性。     

Oral health manpower projection methods and their implications for developing countries: the case of Zimbabwe

Manpower projections for oral health are generally held to be more accurate than those for other health sectors since the diseases involved and their treatment times can be predicted more precisely. Nevertheless most oral health manpower projections are either overestimates or are not in line with the resources of individual countries, especially in developing countries. Zimbabwe was taken as the study case, and oral health manpower projections were made using two of the most commonly employed methods and one new approach. The projections obtained using the three methods were all different, and even the lowest projection is beyond the resources of the country. It is recommended that in making oral health manpower projections, the facilities available to accommodate these personnel should also be taken into account.     

苏北农村卫生需求状况与卫生人力资源调查分析

[目的]探讨苏北农村卫生需求状况与卫生人力资源,为建立合理的农村医疗保障制度提供依据.[方法]典型抽样、入户调查、描述性统计分析.[结果]农村居民卫生服务需求与利用存在“三高五低”现象.从卫生资源人力结构上看,学历结构以中专学历最多,占51%.职称结构以初级职称为主,占35%,初级及以下职称占65%.说明本地区卫生资源相对贫乏,居民卫生服务利用不足,结构不合理.[结论]苏北地区农村经济相对落后,应从医疗保障制度加大对该地区的卫生扶持,解决该地区农民因病致贫,因病返贫的问题.     

上海市某区社区卫生服务发展状况分析

对上海市某区近年来社区卫生服务发展状况进行了调查。结果显示,该区社区卫生服务网络不断完善、服务模式与业绩逐步改善,但仍然存在卫生人力、服务站(点)设施和运行机制上的瓶颈,需采取措施予以纠正。     

Seismic upgrades of healthcare facilities

Before 1989 seismic upgrading of hospital structures was not a primary consideration among hospital owners. However, after extensive earthquake damage to hospital buildings at Loma Prieta in Northern California in 1989 and then at Northridge in Southern California in 1994, hospital owners, legislators, and design teams become concerned about the need for seismic upgrading of existing facilities. Because the damage hospital structures sustained in the earthquakes was so severe and far-reaching, California has enacted laws that mandate seismic upgrading for existing facilities. Now hospital owners will have to upgrade buildings that do not conform to statewide seismic adequacy laws. By 2030, California expects all of its hospital structures to be sufficiently seismic-resistant. Slowly, regions in the Midwest and on the East Coast are following their example. This article outlines reasons and ways for seismic upgrading of existing facilities.     

既有建筑改建嵌入式养老设施设计研究

概述了既有建筑改建嵌入式养老设施时面临的五个问题,从明确设施改建类型与规模、选择合适的改建对象、功能房间改建设计等方面详细进行了归纳总结,为有条件改建为养老设施的建筑的改建提供了新的思路,也为多样化养老需求提供新的解决途径。     

股份合作制改革对乡镇卫生院综合效益影响研究

本次研究表明，乡镇卫生院股份合作制改革与乡镇卫生院基础条件密切相关；调查地区改制后卫生院近期资金的筹集主要用于房屋改造、改善就医环境和基础设施上，专项医疗设备购置和更新尚不是主要投资方向，卫生人力结构变化不明显；改制卫生院偿还成本、维持经济可持续发展能力增强，改制与未改制卫生院患者评价差异主要集中在医疗环境和服务费用上。     

Inequalities in health care in Ondo State, Nigeria

The Third Development Plan (1975—80) for Nigeria focusedon the inequality in the distribution of medical facilitiesand health manpower in the country. The Plan, therefore, acceleratedhealth manpower production and aimed to reduce the imbalancein the distribution of facilities. The Fourth Plan (1980—85)categorically stated the necessity to ensure a more equitabledistribution of health facilities and manpower for every partof the Federation. The present paper assesses how the nationalobjectives have been met by reviewing health services in OndoState. Ondo became a separate state in February 1976 followingthe creation of the 19 state structure of Nigeria. The stateis divided into 17 administrative units or local governmentareas (LGAs). In 1979 when the civilian government took over,the number of health facilities was increased — hospitalsfrom 18 to 26, maternity centers 127 to 164 and dispensariesfrom 153 to 173. By 1985 there were also 30 comprehensive healthcenters as against two in 1979. However, the results of the location quotient analysis indicateincreasing disparities in the distribution of both hospitalsand the lower health facilities. Consequently, some LGAs havean excess share of the health facilities relative to their population.Spatial inequality in the distribution of health facilitiesis also reflected in the provision of hospital beds, nursesand doctors, despite the substantial increase in man power resourcesin the state during the study period. Despite the desire by the state government to ensure a moreequitable distribution of health resources, glaring disparitiesare still evident. The deterioration in government facilitieshas resulted in a mass exodus of health professionals due tolow salaries and poor working conditions. There has been, atthe same time, a marked growth in the private sector and a declinein government attempts to strengthen primary health care. Folasade Iyun, Phd, is a lecturer at the Department of Geography,University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Her research activities focuson the application of geographic methods and techniques in thestudy of health-related problems, Her main interests cente ondisease ecology and the location and utilization analysis ofhealth care delivery systems.     

Experience with improving the system of postgraduate training of public health administrators in Moscow

Proceeding from the sample survey of the state of training Moscow health administrators, a functional model of continuous postgraduate education for the heads of health care facilities is proposed. The study tackles the problems of training of the manpower reserve. The problems of more effective training combined with the use of active instruction methods are discussed.