改良Dor法同期再血管化治疗21例冠心病室壁瘤

目的 总结冠心病室壁瘤(LVA)的外科治疗临床经验和手术效果.方法 21例患者术前行冠脉造影均有病变,术前行心脏彩超提示室壁瘤形成,均在体外循环下行室壁瘤切除,并作左室成形加冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中1支桥2例,2支桥12例,3支桥4例,4支桥3例.左室血栓取出术9例.21例左心室室壁瘤患者,全部采用改良Dor法行左室成形手术治疗,同期行二尖瓣成形术1例,二尖瓣置换术1例.术中预防性植入主动脉内球囊反搏2例,置入漂浮导管21例.比较其术前及术后心功能、射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径等指标的变化.结果 手术无死亡,围手术期死亡3例,1例死于术后急性肾功能衰竭并大面积脑梗死,1例死于心律失常,1例死于多脏器功能衰竭.余随访3～90个月,平均(26.7±21.8)个月,死亡1例(据家属称是死于脑梗死).左室舒张末内径(LVDD)术前(56.7±7.0)mm,术后(48.0±2.7)mm(P<0.05).LVEF术前为0.35±0.05,术后为0.48±0.13(P<0.01).心功能(NYHA)术前平均(3.12±0.56)级,术后平均(1.97±0.06)级(P<0.01).术后并发症:低心排出量6例,心律失常11例,其中室性心律失常6例,肺部并发症9例,脑梗死1例,急性肾功能不全2例.结论 冠心病室壁瘤切除加适宜的左室重建术同时再血管化是治疗心肌梗死后室壁瘤的有效方法,可以取得较满意的手术效果.手术安全、可靠,可明显改善术后心功能.     

冠心病合并室壁瘤及瓣膜病变的同期手术治疗

目的:探讨同期处理室壁瘤和瓣膜病变在冠心病外科治疗中的临床经验和手术效果。方法:对95例冠心病合并室壁瘤或(和)瓣膜病变患者在体外循环下同期实施冠状动脉旁路移植术、左室成形术及瓣膜置换(成形)术,比较术前、术后早期及晚期心功能。32例室壁瘤均采用Dor术治疗,二尖瓣成形术8例,二尖瓣置换术46例,主动脉瓣替换术16例,三尖瓣成形术18例,移植旁路血管2-4支/例。结果:全组手术后围术期死亡2例(2.1%),死于低心排综合征1例,多器官功能衰竭1例,其他93例患者痊愈出院。术后随访86例,随访(50.6±19.2)月,死亡2例,失访7例。心功能NYHA分级从术前(3.05±0.55)级改善到术后早期(1.73±0.65)级、远期(1.61±0.67)级;左室射血分数(LVEF)从术前(46.75±8.32)%提高到术后早期(55.09±6.72)%、远期(55.86±6.94)%。左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)由术前(60.53±8.14)mm减小至术后早期(52.79±6.61)mm、远期(54.37±6.23)mm,以上比较均为P<0.05,有统计学差异。结论:对左心室腔、冠脉血管及瓣膜病变的同期干预能较好的改善心功能,近远期疗效显著,是冠心病合并室壁瘤及瓣膜病变外科治疗中非常有效的方法。     

冠状动脉CTA在儿童川崎病冠状动脉瘤形成中的应用价值

目的:探讨冠状动脉CTA(CCTA)在儿童川崎病冠状动脉瘤形成中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析6例川崎病冠状动脉瘤形成患儿的临床资料及影像学特点。所有患儿均进行CCTA诊断,分析诊断结果、不同类型的冠状动脉瘤不同时间点的冠脉内径变化情况。结果:6例患儿川崎病冠状动脉瘤形成共累及17支血管,单支血管受累1例,多支血管受累5例,累及左冠状动脉主干(LM)5例、左前降支(LAD)4例,左回旋支(LCX)3例、右冠状动脉(RCA)5例,其中形成小型动脉瘤8例,中型动脉瘤7例,巨大动脉瘤2例。2例同时合并血栓。同类型的冠状动脉瘤不同时间点的冠脉内径变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同类型的冠状动脉瘤在3～6个月的冠脉内径变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同类型的冠状动脉瘤在12个月内的冠脉内径变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CCTA能够清晰显示川崎病冠状动脉瘤形成的部位和特点,为早期诊断提供重要依据。     

超声心动图对小儿川崎病冠状动脉病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声心动图对小儿川崎病冠状动脉病变的诊断价值。方法:以50例健康儿童的超声监测值为参照,应用多普勒超声技术对2006年10月至2014年3月进行治疗的26例川崎病冠状动脉病变的患儿进行检测,观察冠状动脉内径、冠状动脉壁厚度、回声的强度及有无动脉瘤形成。结果:健康组左冠状动脉主干及右冠脉显示率为100%,病变组检出冠状动脉病变15例(57.7%),其中冠状动脉内径扩张为14例,冠状动脉内径扩张合并内膜增厚为2例,合并心包积液2例,1例为右冠状动脉瘤。冠脉病变最早发生在起病5~7 d。结论:超声心动图用于诊断和随访小儿川崎病冠状动脉病变具有安全、方便、迅速、直观的优点,对川崎病冠脉病变具有较高的诊断价值,可作为影像学检查中的首选方法,但对远端冠状动脉损害的检出有一定的困难。     

超声心动图在川崎病急性期诊断中的价值

目的：探讨超声心动图在川崎病急性期诊断中的价值。方法：对我院纳入的56例川崎病患儿进行研究,同时选取60例健康婴幼儿为正常组,对两组婴幼儿进行对比分析。结果：48例川崎病患儿冠状动脉主干内径〉2.5 mm中的45例于1～6个月后复查超声心动图见左冠状动脉主干最宽2.5 mm,最窄1.7 mm,平均2.0 mm;右冠状动脉主干最宽2.3 mm,最窄1.8 mm,平均1.9 mm。结论：超声心动图能及时准确地诊断川崎病,临床意义重大。     

109例川崎病冠状动脉损害的超声心动图分析

目的 探讨超声心动图对川崎病冠状动脉损害的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析109例川崎病患儿的超声心动图表现,了解冠状动脉管壁光滑程度、内径及其与主动脉根部内径的比值.结果 109例川崎病患儿中59例冠状动脉无明显异常,41例轻度扩张,7例冠状动脉瘤形成,2例巨大冠状动脉瘤形成,其中单纯左支受累31例,主干受累者23例,左前降支受累8例;单纯右支受累5例,左、右支均受累14例.结论 超声心动图能清晰显示冠状动脉主干及一级分支,判断是否受损及程度,对川崎病冠状动脉损害的诊治、随访及预后均有重要的价值.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行室壁瘤切除术61例疗效分析

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行左心室室壁瘤切除术的疗效。方法 2008年1月至2014年10月,对冠心病合并室壁瘤手术治疗的61例患者临床资料进行分析,其中男性51例,女性10例;年龄(51.9+4.2)岁。所有患者均行冠状动脉旁路移植术,同期行线性缝合术30例,心内膜环缩成形术31例,血栓清除术18例。结果 术后左心室舒张末期内径较术前缩小;左心室射血分数较术前升高;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),围术期死亡2例,均死于严重低心排综合征。53例术后随访3-18个月,随访率87%,心功能I~II级,1例术后12个月死于左心功能衰竭。结论 根据室壁瘤的大小和病变程度合理的选择手术方式、有效的心肌保护是手术成功的关键。     

冠心病合并二尖瓣返流的二尖瓣成形术104例临床分析

目的:回顾分析同期行二尖瓣成形和冠状动脉搭桥术的临床经验。方法:104例病人中男性60例,女性44例。冠状动脉单支病变6例,左主干病变7例,双支病变40例,三支病变58例。合并室壁瘤7例,室间隔穿孔4例,主动脉瓣病变7例。均在全麻体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路手术同时行二尖瓣成形手术,同期行主动脉瓣置换术5例,三尖瓣成形手术26例,室壁瘤切除3例,室间隔穿孔修补4例,冲洗射频迷宫消除房颤术1例。冠状动脉搭桥平均(3.33±1.5)支(1-6支)。结果:死亡1例(0.96%),术后随访二尖瓣返流0-Ⅰ级78例(75%),Ⅱ级23例(22.1%),Ⅲ级3例(2.9%)。结论:冠状动脉搭桥术同期二尖瓣成形手术效果良好,近期效果满意。     

14例尿毒症透析患者冠脉搭桥手术临床分析

目的 探讨尿毒症透析患者合并冠心病的外科治疗方法及其治疗效果.方法 2009年1月至2014年12月东风汽车公司总医院心胸大血管外科对14例尿毒症透析合并冠心病患者实施冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG).尿毒症透析患者中慢性肾功能衰竭13例,急性肾功能衰竭1例,合并室壁瘤1例;3例采用非体外循环心脏不停跳冠脉旁路移植术(OPCABG),11例采用体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG),前降支均采用左乳内动脉(LIMA)作为桥血管,移植血管1~4支;同期行室壁瘤折叠术1例.比较术前、术后2周及术后一年患者的左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、NYHA心功能分级、血肌酐(Cre)、血尿素氮浓度(BUN)等指标,并评价手术治疗效果.结果 所有患者均手术成功,术后2例出现重症感染.14例患者术后随访1~3年,1例于术后27个月因重症感染死亡.未见其他并发症和死亡病例.术后2周,患者NYHA心功能分级为Ⅱ级(M=Ⅱ),LVEF、LVEDD、Cre、BUN等指标与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后1年,患者NYHA心功能分级为Ⅰ级(M=Ⅰ),较术后2周显著改善(P<0.05);LVEF为(55.74±7.84)%、LVEDD为(50.21±5.28) mm,较术前的(51.23±6.46)%和(56.73±6.33) mm均改善(P<0.05),而Cre、BUN等指标与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 尿毒症透析患者合并冠心病行CABG风险较大,经过严格的术前评估、充分的冠状动脉再血管化,并加强围手术期管理,可取得满意疗效.     

超声诊断在小儿川崎病冠状动脉血栓的诊断价值

目的探讨超声诊断在小儿川崎病冠状动脉血栓的诊断价值。方法以60例川崎病冠状动脉病变患儿为对象,均接受超声心动图诊断。检测川崎病患儿冠状动脉病变情况。结果60例患者中,其中33例(55.00%)患者检出冠状动病变,其中11例(33.33%)双侧冠状动脉扩张,13例(39.39%)左冠状动脉扩张,9例(27.27%)。按照病情划分:轻度冠状动脉扩张17例(51.52%),中小型冠状动脉瘤者12例(36.36%),巨大型冠状动脉瘤4例(12.12%)。33例冠状动脉病变患儿经过治疗后,定期回访检查时,超声心动图显示,患者病变的冠状动脉得到明显改善,扩张的冠脉内径逐渐恢复。治疗后轻度冠状动脉扩张、中小型冠状动脉瘤、巨大型冠状动脉瘤冠状动脉内径明显降低(P<0.05)。结论超声心动图用于川崎病患儿的检查的价值较高,可准确检出冠脉病变的大小、位置及动脉内径,可有效评估患儿的治疗效果。     

Repair of left ventricular aneurysm during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

Background Acute myocardial infarction can result in left ventricular aneurysm, which may in turn cause congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia and thromboembolic events. This study evaluates results achieved with a modified linear closure of left ventricular aneurysms during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods From January 2001 to May 2004, 75 patients were operated on for nonruptured, postinfarctional, left ventricular aneurysm during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Repair was completed on the beating heart to minimize ischaemia and allow assessment of wall function and viability to guide closure. All patients presented with symptoms of angina and congestive heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia. The majority (75%) of the patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅲ or Ⅳ. Preoperative ejection fraction was 26%±9%. The mean left ventricular, end diastolic diameter was (57.5±7.1) mm. The ventricular preoperative and postoperative performances were compared. χ2 test and Student’s t test were used to analyse the outcomes. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results Hospital mortality was 1.3% (1/75). Coronary artery bypass was performed with an average of (3.3±1.2) grafts per patient. At the time of followup, all the patients had no symptoms. The mean NYHA class and ejection fraction increased significantly (P&lt;0.001). The mean left ventricular, end diastolic diameter decreased significantly (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions Surgical closure of left ventricular aneurysm can be performed during off-pump coronary artery bypass. The operation is associated with a low inhospital mortality and morbidity. A postoperative improvement in the early term cardiac functions and symptoms and quality of life was documented, increasing our expectations of an increased long-term survival.     

左室重建术治疗左室室壁瘤(附32例报告)

目的探讨左室重建术治疗左室室壁瘤患者的临床效果.方法对32例心肌梗死后形成左室室壁瘤的患者进行室壁瘤切除及左室重建术,并同期进行冠脉搭桥术,其中2例行瓣膜置换术.结果左室重建术后,射血分数(EF)由术前的29.3%±6.2%增加到40.4%±5.6%(P＜0.05),左室舒张末期内径(LVDD)由(59.6±1.8)cm减小至(50.4±1.6)cm(P＜0.05),左室舒张末期容量(LVEDV)由(168±12)ml减少至(102±11)ml(P＜0.01),较术前均有明显改善.1例术后住院30d内死亡.随访1～30个月,1例死亡.结论左室重建术治疗左室室壁瘤对于恢复左室几何形状,改善心功能是非常有效的方法.     

川崎病小鼠模型心脏超声评价

目的利用高频小动物心脏超声分析干酪乳杆菌细胞壁提取物（LCWE）诱导下川崎病（KD）疾病模型冠状动脉损伤的动态变化,为KD小鼠动物模型的制备及其功能评价提供依据。方法制备LCWE,取0．5mL经腹腔单次注射制备C57BL／6小鼠的KD模型。将40只小鼠随机分为2组：KD模型组、正常对照组（磷酸盐缓冲液腹腔注射）,每组20只。于LCWE注射后第10d、21d和60d进行超声心动图检测,观察冠状动脉损伤动态变化。结果利用高频小动物超声心动仪成功测定了KD小鼠模型冠状动脉的变化,全部小鼠超声均检测到冠状动脉。KD模型组LCWE注射后10d以及21d,超声心动图显示冠状动脉管壁与血管周围出现高回声,左冠状动脉内径值比较,KD模型组左冠状动脉内径值（10d：0．46±0．11mm;21d：0．47±0．09mm）明显高于正常对照组小鼠（10d：0．32±0．14mm;21d：0．36±O．06mm）,差异具有明显统计学意义（10d：P=0．035;21d：P=0．027）,4（20％）只小鼠出现冠状动脉瘤样扩张改变;造模后60d,KD模型组小鼠冠状动脉管壁弥漫性增厚,左冠状动脉主干内径较前缩小（0．43-t-O．11mm）,与正常对照组（0．38±O．02mm）比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）,未见冠状动脉瘤样扩张改变。结论利用高频小动物心脏超声可获取小鼠清晰的冠状动脉图像,并能准确反映KD小鼠模型冠状动脉内径值动态变化;进一步证实LCWE诱导KD小鼠模型其冠状动脉损伤与自然病程状态的KD患儿冠状动脉损伤情况十分相似,可以很好的模拟KD冠状动脉损伤的形成过程;     

川崎病冠状动脉病变的超声心动图诊断及治疗评价

目的　评价超声心动图诊断川崎病 (Kawasaki disease,KD)冠状动脉病变、治疗及预后。　方法　超声心动图检查 83例川崎病患儿 ,测量冠状的动脉直径 ,观察有无冠状动脉瘤、血栓和动脉狭窄 ,测量房室内径 ,计算心功能 ,测量心包积液和瓣膜返流。　结果　在受检的 83例川崎病患儿中有冠脉损害的共 34例 ,其中单纯左冠脉主干病变 2 0例 ,双支病变 6例 ,7例发生冠状动脉瘤 ,1例动脉瘤回缩后主干轻度狭窄 ,3例冠脉于发病 30天后出现病变及发生冠脉瘤及血栓形成。本组冠脉受累者均合并轻度、中度二尖瓣及三尖瓣返流 ,2 5例合并心包积液 ,2例左心一过性扩大及心功能降低。　结论　使用高频探头能提高冠脉的显示率 ,特别是实时观察冠脉病理改变及动脉瘤形成和它的进展及转归 ,评价管壁的厚度和是否光滑、有无蛋白样物质沉积、钙化及血栓形成。早期联合使用阿斯匹林与大计量静滴丙种球蛋白 ,可减少冠脉瘤的发生及血栓形成     

Diagnostic value of dual-source CT in Kawasaki disease

Background Doppler color echocardiography is a common method for detecting coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease（KD）.However,the diagnostic accuracy for the whole coronary artery lesions is limited.The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of dual-source computed tomography （DSCT） and Doppler color echocardiography for the assessment of coronary artery lesions caused by KD.Methods Sixteen patients,12 with typical KD and 4 with atypical KD,underwent DSCT and Doppler color echocardiography.The position and internal diameter of each coronary artery lesion was measured.Correlation analysis was used to compare the diagnostic value of the two imaging modalities.Results ln the typical KD group, seven patients did not have any coronary artery Iesion as confirmed by both DSCT scans and Doppler color echocardiography;in four patients proximal coronary artery injuries were identified by both modalities;in one patient an aneurysm in the middle and distal segments of the coronary artery was detected by DSCT but was negative in Doppler color echocardiography.In the atypical KD group,three cases showed the same results with both modalities,while one case with coronary artery stenosis in the middle segment was identified by DSCT but not detected by Doppler color echocardiography.There was a good correlation between the two imaging modalities（Kappa value,0.768（≥0.75））.Conclusion DSCT coronary artery angiography is an accurate,non-invasive,and valuable technique for detecting and following up coronary artery lesions in patients with KD.     

组织多普勒成像技术测量二尖瓣环运动评价川崎病患儿左心功能变化

目的应用组织多普勒成像技术(DTI)测量二尖瓣环运动,评价急性期川崎病患儿左心功能变化。方法超声心动图诊断仪检查46例急性期川崎病患儿。常规测量左右冠状动脉内径,左室心室缩短率FS、左室射血分数EF、左室舒张早期峰值速度Ve及左室舒张晚期峰值速度Va,并计算Ve/Va。DTI检测二尖瓣环6个点的收缩期峰值速度Vs、舒张早期峰值速度e及舒张晚期峰值速度a,并计算e/a,取六个点的平均值。同样方法检测20例正常对照组儿童作为对照。结果川崎病患儿左心功能指标中FS、EF、Ve、Vs和e较正常对照组有不同程度减低,Va、a较正常对照组有不同程度增高,Ve/Va和e/a比值均较正常对照组减低。冠状动脉瘤形成患儿中左室收缩和舒张功能均较正常组减低;无冠状动脉瘤形成患儿仅舒张功能低于正常对照组。结论川崎病患儿心脏功能均较正常儿童下降,以舒张功能更明显;心脏功能下降程度与冠状动脉损害严重程度相关。     

显微夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤术中动脉瘤破裂的处理

目的探讨显微夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤术中动脉瘤破裂出血的处理策略,方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2010年1月56例前循环颅内动脉瘤患者开颅显微手术夹闭的临床资料,结合文献对13例术中发生动脉瘤破裂出血的处理经验和技巧进行总结.结果 56例接受开颅夹闭的动脉瘤病人中,有13例出现术中动脉瘤破裂,均得以妥善处理,术后GOS 5分（恢复良好,能够恢复工作或学习）39例;GOS 4分（轻残,能够独立生活,不能恢复工作或学习）8例;GOS3分（重残,能够按吩咐动作,但不能独立生活）6例;GOS2分（植物状态,不能与外界互动,无反应）0例;GOS 1分（住院死亡）3例.结论应从麻醉、开颅到手术操作的各个环节尽量防范术中动脉瘤破裂,合理、间断和短时应用载瘤动脉临时阻断技术,可有效处理和防范术中动脉瘤破裂的危急情况.     

川崎病的不典型临床表现

目的:了解川崎病(KD)患儿的不典型临床表现及冠状动脉损害情况,探讨其诊断标准。方法:总结75例KD患儿的临床及超声心动图特点。结果:具备主要表现6项者42例(56％),5项23例(30.7％),4项7例(9.33％),3项2例(2.67％),2项1例(1.33％)。某些病例临床表现不典型,如淋巴结肿大为化脓性,皮疹结痂,可有脱指甲表现,病程中可一直无手足末端脱皮。另外发现惊厥、脑膜炎、胆囊炎、脊髓炎等各1例。71例超声心动图检查显示,47例(66.2％)冠状动脉有改变,其中冠状动脉扩张30例(42.3％),冠状动脉瘤17例(23.9％),其中巨大瘤2例。结论:川崎病临床表现多样,某些主要表现可有例外,冠状动脉扩张较常见。     

Coronary artery distensibility in Kawasaki disease--evaluation by intracoronary infusion of isosorbide dinitrate in long-term follow-up.

The coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease (KD) are thought to be a possible risk factor for atherosclerosis in the long term from the pathological point of view. Here we report results of a comparative control study to investigate the distensibility of the coronary artery in KD. A total of 146 patients were divided into 5 groups as follows. (I) Normal group (N); consisting of 44 patients with a known history of KD but with no coronary artery lesion. Among this group of patients those who each showed a regression in their coronary artery aneurysms were divided into 2 subgroups according to the time since onset of KD. (II) A group in the early stage after regression (ER); consisting of 18 patients with a known history of KD followed for 1.8 +/- 0.6 years. (III) A group in the later stage after regression (LR); consisting of 22 patients with a known history of KD followed for 9.4 +/- 2.8 years. (IV) an abnormal group (A); consisting of 21 patients followed for 7.9 +/- 4.0 years with a persistent aneurysm and/or stenosis in a coronary artery at the time of this study. And (V) a control group (C); consisting of 41 patients with a congenital heart disease such as a small ventricular septal defect or mild pulmonary stenosis or patent ductus arteriosus and no history of KD. In each case, the coronary artery diameter was measured by angiography before and after intracoronary infusion of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Using a Surgeon-modified Iliac Branch Device to Preserve the Internal Iliac Artery during Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Single-center Experiences and Early Results

Background:

To evaluate the feasibility of a new surgeon-modified iliac branch device (IBD) technique to maintain pelvic perfusion in the management of common iliac artery (CIA) aneurysm during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods:

From January 2011 to December 2013, a new surgeon-modified IBD technique was performed in department of vascular surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in five patients treated for CIA aneurysm with or without abdominal aortic aneurysm. A stent-graft limb was initially deployed in vitro, anastomosed with vascular graft, creating a modified IBD reloaded into a larger sheath, with or without a guidewire preloaded into the side branch. The reloaded IBD was then placed in the iliac artery, with a covered stent bridging internal iliac artery and the branch. Finally, a bifurcated stent-graft was deployed, and a limb device was used to connect the main body and IBD.

Results:

Technical successes were obtained in all patients. The mean follow-up length was 24 months (range: 6–38 months). All grafts remained patent without any sign of endoleaks. There were no aneurysm ruptures, deaths, or other complications related to pelvic flow.

Conclusions:

Using the surgeon-modified IBD to preserve pelvic flow is a feasible endovascular technique and an appealing solution for personalized treatment of CIA aneurysm during EVAR.