人工髋关节置换的假体选择：人工全髋关节聚乙烯内衬的特点及搭配

上世纪60年代,Charnley提出低磨擦设计理论并设计出用金属股骨头和超高分子量聚乙烯髋臼组合的假体,开创了低摩擦人工关节假体的新时代。金属与超高分子量聚乙烯目前仍是最常用的摩擦界面组合,并成为衡量其他组合的金标准。     

骨疏康颗粒对髋关节置换术后人工假体周围早期骨量的影响

接受人工髋关节置换术患者61例,随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(31例),治疗组口服补肾中药骨疏康颗粒.均用骨密度仪测定人工假体周围骨量.发现两组术后1周时兴趣区(ROI)各扫描区域骨密度检测值分布接近;术后3、6个月,治疗组ROI 1和7区骨密度均明显高于对照组.提示骨疏康颗粒可以改善髋关节置换术后人工假体周围早期骨量丢失.     

肝纤溶颗粒对模型大鼠肝组织PDGF-BB表达的影响

目的 探讨肝纤溶颗粒抗肝纤维化的分子机制,为防治肝纤维化的中药制剂提供理论基础.方法 以四氯化碳(CCL4)高脂低蛋白乙醇复合因素诱导的肝纤维化模型大鼠为研究对象,观察肝纤溶颗粒(由黄芪、当归、三七、桑椹子、龟板胶、阿胶组成)对模型大鼠的影响.应用免疫组织化学方法检测肝组织中血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)表达.结果 随着剂量的升高,肝纤溶颗粒可明显降低大鼠PDGF-BB表达,并且与阳性对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),与模型组比较有显著性及极显著性差异.结论 肝纤溶颗粒能明显降低肝组织PDGF-BB表达,这可能是肝纤溶颗粒防治肝纤维化发生机制之一.     

肝癌患者肝脏不同部位组织TSPO免疫组化研究

[目的]探讨肝癌患者肝脏不同部位组织18KD转运蛋白(TSPO)表达水平。[方法]按自身配对法收取原发性肝癌患者肝脏癌变组织、癌旁组织和正常组织标本,免疫组化ABC方法对TSPO染色,观察肝组织TSPO表达特点,并采用IPP6.0软件对免疫组化切片进行光密度分析,检测累积光密度值(IOD)对TSPO表达量进行量化分析。[结果]TSPO在不同部位组织中均有表达,呈棕黄色,定位于胞浆和细胞核,间质细胞、肝细胞和癌细胞均可见TSPO表达,癌旁组织和癌变组织TSPO着色明显。量化分析结果显示癌旁组织TSPO表达量最高,癌变组织次之,正常组织最少,3者之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]TSPO在癌旁组织、癌变组织、正常组织中表达差异十分显著,提示TSPO可以作为药物治疗肝脏肿瘤的新靶点。     

抗原修复液pH对免疫组化的影响

免疫组化技术日渐成为病理诊断的重要辅助助手段,但免疫组化的结果受抗体浓度、抗原修复方式、修复液的pH等多种因素的影响。我们应用不同pH的乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA-Na2)抗原修复液进行微波抗原修复,以探讨修复液pH对组织内不同部位抗原的影响,找出不同部位抗原修复的最适pH,提高免疫组化染色的准确性、科学性。     

类固醇糖尿病的免疫组化研究

应用免疫组织化学方法，研究了类固醇糖尿病胰岛内分泌细胞量的变化。结果表明类固醇糖尿病产生胰岛素的细胞明显减少，而其他胰岛细胞无明显变化     

老年关节假体周围慢性感染病原菌特点调查

目的探讨老年慢性关节假体周围感染(PJI)的细菌谱及细菌耐药特点,为临床防治老年慢性PJI提供参考。方法回顾性分析广州市第一人民医院关节外科2013年1月至2018年10月收治的行初次和翻修人工髋膝关节置换术的老年PJI患者76例,通过法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK2-Compact全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪对感染细菌及其耐药进行分析。结果 76例患者中初次置换术后感染64例,翻修术后感染12例。18例为混合感染(至少合并两种细菌感染),58例为单一细菌感染。其中行膝关节置换术51例,髋关节置换术23例,股骨头置换术2例。共分离出细菌108株,其中革兰氏阳性菌72.22%(78/108),以金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌为主。革兰氏阴性菌27.78%(30/108),以大肠埃希菌及铜绿假单胞杆菌为主。不同细菌对抗菌药物耐药情况有差异。金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌对克林霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素、青霉素耐药率60%,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替加环素、奎诺普汀/达福普汀的耐药率5%。大肠埃希菌与铜绿假单胞杆菌对头孢唑林钠、头孢他啶、复方新诺明、氨苄青霉素耐药率70%;对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南耐药率15%。结论老年慢性PJI主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌与表皮葡萄球菌,慢性感染细菌谱与急性感染不同,应根据药敏实验合理选用抗菌药物。     

食管癌组织中EGR—R表达的免疫组化研究结果分析

采用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对３４例食管癌患者新近手术切除的肿瘤标本和２２例术后获随访的食管癌石蜡包埋组织行表皮生长因子受体免疫组化检测。结果新近组织阳性率８２．４％。术后生存５年以上者７２．７％。半年内复发死亡者４５．５％。认为ＥＧＦ－Ｒ受体的表达与食管癌病期，分化程度有关，对判断食管癌预后有重要临床价值。     

TXNDC5蛋白在胃腺癌组织表达的免疫组化研究

TXNDC5（硫氧还蛋白5）在一些人类肿瘤中存在高表达.但人们对TXNDC5在胃腺癌的地位和作用却了解甚少.目的：在本研究中,我们旨在研究TXNDC5在胃腺癌的组织中的表达与患者临床特点的相关性.方法 通过免疫组化法检测54份胃癌患者及对照正常组织的TXNDC5的表达情况,并通过统计学方法分析该分子组织表达情况与患者临床表现的相关性.结果 在所有54个胃腺癌标本中,有23个（42.6％）高表达TXNDC5.腺癌组织中的具有较强的TXNDC5表达,在低分化腺癌的比例中表达更显著（P＜0.05）.高表达TXNDC5的病例在淋巴结转移和肿瘤浸润深度方面更显著.预后分析结果显示,患者标本中高表达TXNDC5比低表达TXNDC5的预后较差,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 TXNDC5的表达与胃腺癌的分化,侵袭和转移存在相关性.目前,可以被认为是与胃癌相关性较高的潜在性癌基因.     

免疫组化法检测肝癌组织Twist表达的临床意义

目的 探讨免疫组化法检测肝癌组织Twist表达的临床意义.方法 2013年1月至2017年1月钦州市第二人民医院肝细胞癌手术切除临床标本136例,其中配对癌旁肝组织(距癌组织边缘<3 cm)85例,采用免疫组化法检测肝癌组织及癌旁肝组织中Twist蛋白表达情况,分析Twist蛋白表达与肝细胞癌患者临床病理参数及预后的关...     

The effect of polyethylene glycol and butyrate on anastomotic healing in the rat colon

Background The use of mechanical bowel preparation is much debated. Methods We evaluated the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG), with or without a single dose of 3.0 mmol butyrate (BUT), on the bursting pressure (BP) of an intact colon segment and a colon anastomosis in rats. Also, histopathologic damage was studied. Results In rats without colectomy, the mean BP was 159.2 mmHg (SD=18.9) after PEG treatment and 116.7 mmHg (SD=27.5) in controls (p=0.001). In rats with colectomy, the mean BP was 90.4 mmHg (SD=45.9) in the PEG group, 108.0 mmHg (SD=31.9) in the BUT group, and 102.7 mmHg (SD=44.7) in controls (p=0.44). No significant differences in histopathologic scores were observed between rats treated with PEG and controls. Conclusions PEG does not interfere with anastomotic healing in rats as measured by BP. No benefit of a single dose of butyrate was observed. An erratum to this article is available at .     

In vivo change of elastic property in polyethylene acetabular components

Polyethylene is an elastic material. It is known that oxidative degradation of polyethylene occurs after sterilization by means of gamma irradiation. However, there have been few detailed reports with regard to the effects of this degradation on the mechanical property, especially in total hip prostheses. The purpose of this study was to examine the change in mechanical property of irradiated and non-irradiated polyethylene cups after implantation. Fifty-six ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cups retrieved at revision surgery were evaluated. Thirty-two cups were sterilized by gamma irradiation in air and 24 by ethylene oxide gas (EtO). To evaluate the mechanical property of the cup and its regional distribution, Vickers hardness was measured at nine points at the cross-section of the cups. In the irradiated cups, the hardness increased in proportion to the time from sterilization. This phenomenon was not found in the cups sterilized by EtO. Less change of hardness was observed in the cups sterilized by EtO than in those sterilized by irradiation. The gamma-irradiation in air actually affected the elastic property of cup polyethylene in vivo, although any difference in the wear rate was not detected between two sterilization methods. In cases with accelerated wear of the acetabular cup, other factors affecting wear should also be considered.     

In vivo change of elastic property in polyethylene acetabular components

Abstract

Polyethylene is an elastic material. It is known that oxidative degradation of polyethylene occurs after sterilization by means of gamma irradiation. However, there have been few detailed reports with regard to the effects of this degradation on the mechanical property, especially in total hip prostheses. The purpose of this study was to examine the change in mechanical property of irradiated and non-irradiated polyethylene cups after implantation. Fifty-six ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cups retrieved at revision surgery were evaluated. Thirty-two cups were sterilized by gamma irradiation in air and 24 by ethylene oxide gas (EtO). To evaluate the mechanical property of the cup and its regional distribution, Vickers hardness was measured at nine points at the cross-section of the cups. In the irradiated cups, the hardness increased in proportion to the time from sterilization. This phenomenon was not found in the cups sterilized by EtO. Less change of hardness was observed in the cups sterilized by EtO than in those sterilized by irradiation. The gamma-irradiation in air actually affected the elastic property of cup polyethylene in vivo, although any difference in the wear rate was not detected between two sterilization methods. In cases with accelerated wear of the acetabular cup, other factors affecting wear should also be considered.     

Increase in high molecular weight adiponectin by bariatric surgery-induced weight loss

Aim: To determine the changes in adiponectin multimers upon marked weight loss. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained preoperatively and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery from 12 obese subjects undergoing weight loss–inducing bariatric surgery. Seven non‐operated obese subjects served as controls. Plasma levels of adiponectin multimers were determined by protease digestion and Enzyme‐Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) detection. In addition, adiponectin multimers were assessed by western blotting. Results: In patients with weight loss after surgery but not in controls, total adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin steadily increased during the observation period. Twenty‐four months after surgery, the increase in total and HMW adiponectin was 2.2 ± 0.46 and 1.4 ± 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. In contrast, plasma concentrations of middle and low molecular weight adiponectin remained unchanged. Conclusions: The increase in plasma adiponectin levels observed 24 months after bariatric surgery depended on continuous weight loss and was completely attributable to the HMW complex.     

Cardiovascular and hemodynamic effect of polyethylene glycol in Rats

BACKGROUND: Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is a solvent and used in a wide range of biomedical applications. Many fatty-acid-based molecules cannot be administered without a solvent in vivo. PEG can be used to dissolve compounds to make them water soluble. However, the effect of PEG on the cardiovascular system has not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PEG on the cardiovascular system in rat models. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The control group (10 rats) were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of 5% D/W in normal saline and the second group (10 rats) with PEG 400, 2 ml/kg ip, twice a day for 1 week. After 4 weeks, the rats underwent general anesthesia and a 1.4 French ultra miniature pressure volume catheter (Millar catheter) was placed in the left ventricle via the right carotid artery to measure comprehensive hemodynamic data. The data were analyzed with PVAN pressure-volume analysis software. RESULTS: All the systolic and diastolic parameters were similar in both groups except for the effective arterial elastance (Ea), which was decreased in the PEG group. There were no significant differences in maximum (dp/dt(max)) and minimum (dp/dt(min)) development of pressure stroke work, cardiac output, ejection fraction, end systolic volume (Ves), and end diastolic volume. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that PEG, as a solvent, decreases Ea in rats in comparison to a placebo. Therefore, PEG as a solvent should be used cautiously in the cardiovascular research.     

The effect of molecular weight on heparin binding to platelets

Low molecular weight heparin is reported to be less reactive with platelets than larger heparins. We probed the molecular basis for this pattern of reactivity by characterizing the saturable platelet binding of [3H]heparin in plasma using heparins of different molecular weights (Mr approximately 3000, approximately 5000, approximately 10,000, approximately 15,000). Binding affinity increased with increasing molecular weight, as expressed by decreasing apparent dissociation constants (Kdapp approximately 1.3 microM for Mr approximately 3000, to Kdapp approximately 0.31 microM for Mr approximately 15,000). After adjusting for the effect of antithrombin III in the plasma, true dissociation constants (Kd) could be calculated and these showed the same trend with molecular weight (Kd approximately 1.1 microM for Mr approximately 3000 to Kd approximately 0.096 microM for Mr approximately 15,000). Platelet binding capacity for the different heparin fractions also increased with molecular weight, although this correlation appeared to lessen with the largest species. Heparin antithrombin III affinity was shown not to affect heparin binding to platelets. We propose a model in which heparin binding to platelets is mediated by charge interaction. Larger molecules with more charge bind with greater affinity and to sites with a broader range of electronegativity than do smaller, less     

Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in vivo by a monoclonal antibody targeted to domain 5 of high molecular weight kininogen

We have shown that human high molecular weight kininogen is proangiogenic due to release of bradykinin. We now determined the ability of a murine monoclonal antibody to the light chain of high molecular weight kininogen, C11C1, to inhibit tumor growth compared to isotype-matched murine IgG. Monoclonal antibody C11C1 efficiently blocks binding of high molecular weight kininogen to endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The antibody significantly inhibited growth of human colon carcinoma cells in a nude mouse xenograft assay and was accompanied by a significant reduction in the mean microvascular density compared to the IgG control group. We also showed that a hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody C11C1 injected intramuscularly exhibited markedly smaller tumor mass in a syngeneic host compared to a hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody to the high molecular weight kininogen heavy chain or to an unrelated plasma protein. In addition, tumor inhibition by purified monoclonal antibody C11C1 was not due to direct antitumor effect because there was no decrease of tumor cell growth in vitro in contrast to the in vivo inhibition. Our results indicate that monoclonal antibody C11C1 inhibits angiogenesis and human tumor cell growth in vivo and has therapeutic potential for treatment of human cancer.     

The effect of low and high molecular weight dextrans on selected serum lipid parameters. 2]

The effect of dextran infusions on plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and AI and triglycerides is investigated within a patient group. Some plasma lipids and lipoproteins still remain significantly lowered after the end of the 10 days treatment period. Comparing the normolipidaemic with the hyperlipidaemic patients of type IIa and IIb the degree of alterations is different between these 3 groups.     

Survey of molecular profiling during human colon cancer development and progression by immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarray

AIM： To explore the molecular events taking place during human colon cancer development and progression through high-throughput tissue microarray analysis. METHODS： We constructed two separate tissue microarrays containing 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm cylindrical samples acquired from 112 formalin-fixed and paraffinembedded blocks, including carcinomas （n = 85）, adenomatous polyps （n = 18）, as well as normal paracancerous colon tissues （n = 9）. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to the analysis of the consecutive tissue microarray sections with antibodies for 11 different proteins, including p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, cyclin D1, PTEN, p-Aktl, β-catenin, c-myc, nm23-h1 and Cox-2. RESULTS： The protein expressions of p53, bcl-2, bax, cyclin D1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 varied significantly among tissues from cancer, adenomatous polyps and normal colon mucosa （P = 0.003, P = 0.001, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.034, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, and P = 0.007, respectively）. Chi-square analysis showed that the statistically significant variables were p53, p21, bax, β-catenin, c-myc, PTEN, p-Aktl, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 for histological grade （P = 0.005, P = 0.013, P = 0.044, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.029, P = 0.000, P = 0.008, and P = 0.000, respectively）, β-catenin, comyc and p-Akt1 for lymph node metastasis （P = 0.011, P =0.005, and P = 0.032, respectively）, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 for distance metastasis （P = 0.020, P = 0.000, P = 0.026, and P = 0.008, respectively）, and cyclin D1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23h1 for clinical stages （P = 0.038, P = 0.008, P = 0.000, P = 0.016, and P = 0.014, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining enables high-throughput analysis of genetic alterations contributing to human colon cancer development and progression. Our results implicate the potential roles of p53, cyclin D1, bcl-2, bax, Cox-2, β-catenin and c-myc in development of human colon cancer and that of bcl-2, nm23-h1, PTEN and p-Akt1 in pro     

Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be divided into prognostically important subgroups with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB), activated B-cell-like (ABC), and type 3 gene expression profiles using a cDNA microarray. Tissue microarray (TMA) blocks were created from 152 cases of DLBCL, 142 of which had been successfully evaluated by cDNA microarray (75 GCB, 41 ABC, and 26 type 3). Sections were stained with antibodies to CD10, bcl-6, MUM1, FOXP1, cyclin D2, and bcl-2. Expression of bcl-6 (P <.001) or CD10 (P =.019) was associated with better overall survival (OS), whereas expression of MUM1 (P =.009) or cyclin D2 (P <.001) was associated with worse OS. Cases were subclassified using CD10, bcl-6, and MUM1 expression, and 64 cases (42%) were considered GCB and 88 cases (58%) non-GCB. The 5-year OS for the GCB group was 76% compared with only 34% for the non-GCB group (P <.001), which is similar to that reported using the cDNA microarray. Bcl-2 and cyclin D2 were adverse predictors in the non-GCB group. In multivariate analysis, a high International Prognostic Index score (3-5) and the non-GCB phenotype were independent adverse predictors (P <.0001). In summary, immunostains can be used to determine the GCB and non-GCB subtypes of DLBCL and predict survival similar to the cDNA microarray.