Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors

Introduction  

Few studies have examined associations of prepregnancy urinary incontinence (UI).     

Neurosurgery and pregnancy

Background  

Pregnant women with pathological conditions requiring a neurosurgical intervention pose a unique therapeutic challenge. Changes in normal physiology add to the complexity of patient management. We describe our experience in treating various neurosurgical diseases in parturient women.     

Ureteroscopy during pregnancy with follow-the-wire technique

Purpose  

To present our experience with ureteroscopy during pregnancy using the technique of following the wire ureteroscopically with no need for fluoroscopy.     

Laparoscopy: a safe approach to appendicitis during pregnancy

Background  

The aim of this study was to evaluate laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy.     

Ultrasound assessment of haemoperitoneum in ectopic pregnancy: derivation of a prediction model

Background  

To derive an ultrasound-based prediction model for the quantification of haemoperitoneum in ectopic pregnancy (EP).     

Damage control surgery by keeping the abdomen open during pregnancy: favorable outcome, a case report

Background  

Acute abdomen in advanced pregnancy is one of the most challenging surgical situations. In life-threatening situations, despite optimal management, foetus distress and preterm delivery may occur. Although laparostomy is a useful treatment of abdominal sepsis, its successful management has not been reported previously in pregnant women.     

The effect of pregnancy and childbirth on pelvic floor muscle function

Introduction and hypothesis  

The effect of pregnancy and mode of delivery on pelvic floor muscle function (PFMF) is unclear. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the effect of pregnancy and childbirth on PFMF.     

Safety and outcome of general surgical open and laparoscopic procedures during pregnancy

Background  

Surgical procedures during pregnancy carry the risk of adverse fetal outcome. We analyzed outcomes of open and laparoscopic approaches in patients treated for symptomatic cholelithiasis and suspected appendicitis. We reviewed the literature for evidence on the safety of both procedures.     

The Tablets,Ring, Injections as Options (TRIO) study: what young African women chose and used for future HIV and pregnancy prevention

Introduction

Preventing HIV and unintended pregnancies are key global health priorities. To inform product rollout and to understand attributes of future multipurpose prevention technologies (MPT) associated with preference and use, we evaluated three placebo delivery forms: daily oral tablets, a monthly vaginal ring, and two monthly intramuscular injections in TRIO, a five‐month study among young Kenyan and South African women.

Methods

HIV‐negative, sexually active, non‐pregnant women aged 18 to 30 were enrolled and randomized to use each placebo delivery form for one month (stage 1). Then, participants chose one product to use for two additional months (stage 2). We assessed safety, product ranking, choice, and use. We examined demographic and behavioural correlates of choice and, reciprocally, unwillingness to use in the future with logistic regression models.

Results

277 women enrolled, 249 completed stage 1 and 246 completed stage 2. Median age was 23 years, 49% were Kenyan and 51% were South African. Three participants became pregnant during the study and one participant HIV‐seroconverted. There were 18 product‐related adverse events, six tablets‐related, 11 ring‐related, and one injection‐related. After trying each product, 85% preferred a TRIO product over condoms. Injections were chosen most (64%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 58%, 70%; p < 0.001), and by more South Africans than Kenyans (odds ratio (OR) 2.01, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.43; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in choosing tablets versus ring (21%, 95% CI: 16%, 26% vs. 15%, 95% CI: 11%, 20%; p = 0.11). Tablet and ring adherence, based on direct observations and self‐reports, improved over time. However, participants’ self‐reported use of tablets did not match objective data from the electronic dose monitoring device. Participants were fully compliant with injections.

Conclusion

In this population at risk for HIV and pregnancy, all participants agreed to choose and use a placebo MPT delivery form. A majority of participants preferred TRIO products to male condoms, an existing MPT. Injections were most liked and best used, however, they are years away from reaching the clinics. In the meantime, expanding the availability of tablets and giving access to rings can begin to fulfill the promise of choice for HIV prevention technologies and inform the development of suitable delivery forms as MPT.

     

Effect of changes in renal circulation on serum uric acid levels in women with twin pregnancy

Objective  

We examined the relationship between serum uric acid levels and changes in renal circulation in women with twin pregnancy compared with those in women with singleton pregnancy.     

Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy: clinical implications and neonatal outcome

Background  

The myasthenia gravis is twice as common in women as in men and frequently affects young women in the second and third decades of life, overlapping with the childbearing years. Generally, during pregnancy in one third of patients the disease exacerbates, whereas in two thirds it remains clinically unchanged. Complete remission can occur in some patients.     

Alterations in pelvic floor muscles and pelvic organ support by pregnancy and vaginal delivery in squirrel monkeys

Introduction and hypothesis  

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of pregnancy and parturition on pelvic floor muscles and pelvic organ support.     

Metabolic profile of glycosaminoglycans in bladder and urethra of female rats during and after pregnancy

Introduction and hypothesis  

The objective of this study is to evaluate pregnancy’s action on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) profile in bladder and urethra of female adult rats.     

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair during pregnancy

Background  

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in comparison to open herniorrhaphy results in reduced length of stay, less post-operative pain, earlier return to work, and reduced complications for the repair of complex ventral hernias. The laparoscopic approach has been the standard of care for complex or large ventral hernias for non-pregnant patients over the past decade. Despite evidence that demonstrates that laparoscopy is safe during pregnancy, there is currently no consensus regarding the indications, contraindications, patient selection and post-operative care of pregnant patients evaluated for laparoscopic ventral herniorrhaphy.     

Effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises in the treatment of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the postpartum period

Introduction and hypothesis  

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises on urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the postpartum period.     

Evaluation of urinary incontinence in pregnancy and postpartum in Curitiba Mothers Program: a prospective study

Introduction and hypothesis  

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), the pelvic floor, and the quality of life during pregnancy and in the postpartum.     

Uterine prolapse complicating pregnancy and labor: a case report and literature review

Background  

Uterine and cervical prolapse is a rare occurrence in pregnancy. It can be associated with minor cervical desiccation and ulceration to devastating maternal fatalities. The scope of complications includes urinary retention, preterm labor, premature delivery, fetal demise, maternal sepsis, and urinary retention.     

Intravenous bisphosphonate treatment and pregnancy: its effects on mother and infant bone health

Introduction  

Type 1 Gaucher's disease (GD1) is a lysosomal storage disorder associated with disabling bone involvement. The choice treatment for Gaucher's disease is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). The use of bisphosphonate treatment for osteopenia and osteoporosis has been suggested.     

Is there a benefit to delaying cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder disease during pregnancy?

Background  

The indications for nonemergent operations during pregnancy remain undefined. Many surgeons defer nonemergent operations until after delivery to minimize fetal risk. We wished to determine the outcome of delaying cholecystectomy in pregnant patients hospitalized for nonacute gallbladder disease.     

Effect of pregnancy on effectiveness of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

Background  

Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are experienced by up to 85% of pregnant women. Some young women on maintenance proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment are choosing surgery to stop their medical treatment and avoid severe symptoms during pregnancy. There are no reports describing the effect of pregnancy on the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the efficacy of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.