读者?作者?编者

医学科技论文摘要撰写要求：摘要应具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读论文全文就能获得必要的信息。结构式摘要由目的、资料与方法、结果、结论4个要素组成。目的中需简要交代研究的前提（问题的提出）、研究目的及其重要性；资料与方法中需简述研究类型（如回顾性研究、前瞻性研究）、人口学（研究对象）或材料、分组、采用的研究方法及观察指标，摘要方法中不需要指明具体使用的统计学方法；结果中针对研究方法及观察指标简要列出主要的、有意义的或新发现的研究结果，指出临床与统计学的意义和价值；结论是针对结果的分析、评价和应用，肯定经过科学分析的研究结果及其获得的某些结论，但不能超出研究结果的范围而过度推论，同时指出这些结论的理论或实用价值。摘要中不列图表，不引用参考文献，英文缩略语首次出现需注明中文全称。     

读者?作者?编者

医学科技论文摘要撰写要求：摘要应具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读论文全文就能获得必要的信息。结构式摘要由目的、资料与方法、结果、结论4个要素组成。目的中需简要交代研究的前提（问题的提出）、研究目的及其重要性；资料与方法中需简述研究类型（如回顾性研究、前瞻性研究）、人口学（研究对象）或材料、分组、采用的研究方法及观察指标，摘要方法中不需要指明具体使用的统计学方法；结果中针对研究方法及观察指标简要列出主要的、有意义的或新发现的研究结果，指出临床与统计学的意义和价值；结论是针对结果的分析、评价和应用，肯定经过科学分析的研究结果及其获得的某些结论，但不能超出研究结果的范围而过度推论，同时指出这些结论的理论或实用价值。摘要中不列图表，不引用参考文献，英文缩略语首次出现需注明中文全称。     

Patientenaufkl?rung?BfS informiert zur R?ntgendiagnostik

tipps und informationen rund um das thema röntgendiagnostik bietet das vom bundesamt für strahlenschutz (bfs) herausgegebene faltblatt "röntgendiagnostik - schädlich oder nützlich?"aus der reihe strahlenthemen, das jetzt entsprechend der neuen röntgenverordnung aktualisiert worden ist.     

Pl?tzlicher S?uglingstod

In industrialized countries sudden infant death is the most common cause of death in children in the first year of life. The best known risk factor is sleeping in the prone position but hyperthermia also seems to be an important factor. However, pathognomonic findings of premortem hyperthermia do not exist, only the circumstances of discovery may be indicative. It is known that in cases of stress, including thermal effects on the body, the expression of heat-shock proteins (Hsp) increases as a cell stress response. Renal tissue was examined in 54 cases of sudden infant death and in all cases competitive findings could be excluded. The cases of infant death were compared to 29 deaths of fire or fire-related heat. In all cases of sudden infant death the expression of Hsp70 was negative, in contrast to the positive reaction in all cases of the reference group. The cause of the lack of expression of Hsp70 in cases of sudden infant death is discussed.     

Neue R?ntgenverordnung?Wichtige ?nderungen im überblick

Endlich ist es geschafft, nach mehrjähriger Vorbereitungszeit ist am 1. Juli die neue Röntgenverordnung (RöV) in Kraft getreten (im Internet unter www.bmu.de). Privatdozent Dr. Michael Walz, der auch für den BDR diese "Entstehungsgeschichte" begleitet hat, hat die wesentlichen Änderungen herausgezogen. Und wer sich zunächst einen ganz kurzen Überblick verschaffen will: Auf Seite M 147 steht das Wichtigste in Kürze.     

Radiogene Karies: ?tiologie und M?glichkeiten der Pr?vention

Background

After radiation treatment of head-and-neck cancer, the impairment of patient??s quality of life still remains an issue. After completion of the treatment course, a substantial number of patients develop so-called radiation caries. In addition, almost 50% of all cases of infectious osteoradionecrosis (iORN) of the jaws are directly associated with radiation caries. This review addresses our current knowledge on the etiology and pathogenesis of radiation caries including possible preventive strategies.

Materials and methods

A PubMed search using the terms ??radiation caries?? (??radiation related caries??, ??radiation related damage to dentition??) and ??radiogenic caries?? (??postradiation caries??, ??dental complications and radiotherapy??) was performed. The analysis of its content focused on the etiology, the pathogenesis, and the available knowledge on prophylaxis as well as treatment of radiation caries.

Results

For this review, 60?publications were selected. As main causal factors for radiogenic caries, either indirect impairment, resulting from alterations in the oral environment (e.g., radiation-induced xerostomia) or direct radiation-induced damage in teeth hard tissues are discussed. Radiation caries remains a lifelong threat and, therefore, requires permanent prevention programs.

Conclusion

To enable optimal medical care of the patients during the time course of radiotherapy as well as afterwards, close interdisciplinary cooperation between radiotherapists, oral surgeons, otorhinolaryngologists, and dentists is absolutely essential.     

Ungew?hnliche Pr?sentation einer Sigmadivertikulitis

A 68-year-old male patient presented with mild tenderness in the suprasymphyseal region, hematuria and dysuria. In this case typical symptoms of a sigmoid-vesical fistula were initially absent. Because of hematuria and the findings provided by urethrocystoscopy, the radiological diagnosis was a bladder tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography with rectal contrast administration provided the decisive information. In addition to sigmoid diverticulitis (fat stranding/centipede sign) in the urographic phase, contrast media was well traceable intraluminally from the bladder through the bladder wall abscess and subsequently in the sigmoid colon.     

GO?-Kommentare irren?Nummer 5377 teils auch mehrfach berechnungsf?hig

"... je Sitzung nur einmal berechnungsfähig", heißt es zur Nummer 5377 GOÄ in allen gängigen GOÄ-Kommentaren. Dass dies auch durch die Wiederholung nicht richtig wird, legt der GOÄ-Experte Dr.Bernhard Kleinken im Folgenden dar. Er wurde einem breiteren Kreis als federführender Autor des GOÄ-Kommentars des Deutschen Ärzteverlags bekannt.     

Aerogene Streptokokkeninfektion w?hrend der Obduktion?

The problematic of airborne infections has been known for more than a century. In legal medicine infections caused by airborne pathogens have been studied intensively, particularly in relation to bone dust spread by oscillating saws and the infectivity of dead bodies has been examined in several studies. The HIV virus is known to lose virulence after a few hours but some bacteria can still be cultured after months, years or even decades. The case is reported of a corpse which was the probable source of an airborne streptococcal infection. The 4-day-old corpse which had been permanently refrigerated had organs bloated with gas, much of which escaped during autopsy and 4 days after the autopsy a member of the autopsy team exhibited bilateral pneumonia. Group A hemolytic streptococci were verified In bronchial secretions and blood culture from the corpse and the antibiograms showed identical sensitivities and resistances with samples taken from the team member. This case highlights the need for protection during autopsy as airborne infections are possible and even likely at high bacterial concentrations.     

Schmerztherapeutische Ans?tze bei Wirbels?ulenerkrankungen

As a rule vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty can prevent further collapse of a previously broken vertebra. Pain is probably caused by collapse of the porous bone resulting in instability of the vertebra. Stabilization of the vertebra by injecting cement results in a clear improvement in the complaint and a clear reduction in pain resulting in better mobilization. Recent results have, however, cast doubt on the effectiveness of this therapy. Diagnostic nerve blocks on the spinal column are important because the pain is mostly clinically uncharacteristic, the innervation is complex and the pain is subjective. An exact classification can be made using special nerve blocks. Prerequisites for the use of diagnostic nerve blocks are an extensive clinical history and examination of the patient before nerve blocks are carried out. In approximately 15-45% of patients the zygapophyseal joint is the cause of the back pain. Anesthesia of the zygapophyseal joint can be carried out by direct intra-articular application of a local anesthetic or by a block of the medial branch of the posterior branch of each of two spinal nerves. The simplest method is by computed tomography-guided zygapophyseal block.