早期小切口大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术治疗伴急性血栓性浅静脉炎的大隐静脉曲张

目的探讨早期小切口大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术治疗伴急性血栓性浅静脉炎的大隐静脉曲张的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2008年10月～2011年5月32例大隐静脉曲张并发急性血栓性浅静脉炎的临床资料。发病2周内行小切口大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术。结果全部患者术后局部红肿疼痛于3天内消退，切口全部甲级愈合，住院时间10～16d，平均12．6d。全部患者随访5～32个月，平均13．6月，其中11例〉12个月，未见复发。结论早期小切口大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术治疗伴急性血栓性浅静脉炎的大隐静脉曲张是安全的，术后疗效满意。     

两种不同术式治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床疗效观察

目的比较高位结扎加剥脱术和射频闭合术治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法分析苏州市立医院在2016年5月至2017年4月收治的100例大隐静脉曲张患者的临床资料,分为高位结扎加剥脱术组(A组,50例)和射频闭合术(B组,50例)。结果两组手术全部成功。其中A组术中出血量(70.5±10.0)ml,手术时间(85±15.5)min,术后平均(6.4±0.6)h可下床活动,并发症发生率16%;B组术中出血量(25.5±5.3)ml,手术时间(65.5±5.3)min,术后平均(2.1±0.5)h可下床活动,并发症发生率10%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论射频闭合术治疗大隐静脉曲张具有创伤小、疗效好、手术时间短等优点,优于传统大隐静脉高位结扎加剥脱术,值得在临床推广。     

大隐静脉主干高位结扎剥脱联合属支硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的：研究利用大隐静脉主干高位结扎剥脱联合属支泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果,探讨治疗下肢静脉曲张的有效方法。 方法：将80例下肢静脉曲张的患者随机分成治疗组和对照组,对照组采用常规大隐静脉主干高位结扎剥脱+属支点式剥脱术的方法治疗,治疗组在对照组基础之上改用属支泡沫硬化剂治疗,对两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后VAS疼痛评分、术后下床活动时间、住院时间、术后并发症进行比较。 结果：治疗组手术时间、术中出血量、术后VAS疼痛评分、术后下床活动时间、住院时间分别为（40.3±13.4）min、（25.8±8.4）mL、（2.3±0.5）分、（1.3±0.5）d、（2.5±0.5）d,均显著低于对照组的（100.4±20.3）min、（82.1±14.9）mL、（5.1±0.87）min、（2.5±0.8）d、（6.5±1.5）d（P<0.05）;治疗组术后发生血栓性静脉炎4例,淋巴肿胀1例,对照组发生血栓性静脉炎1例,皮下血肿3例,切口感染1例,淋巴肿胀2例;治疗组并发症总发生率为12.5%,对照组为17.5%,两组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.392,P=0.531）。 结论：利用大隐静脉高位结扎主干剥脱联合属支泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张具有降低手术时间、减少术中出血量、恢复时间快等优点。     

腔内激光、射频及内翻剥脱联合旋切术治疗下肢静脉曲张近期疗效的比较

目的 比较腔内激光、射频及内翻剥脱联合旋切术治疗下肢静脉曲张的近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2004年6月至2007年1月收治的有明确大隐静脉反流的下肢静脉曲张的460例患者的临床资料,其中200例(232条肢体)采用腔内激光(endovenous laser treatment,EVLT)治疗;80例(88条肢体)采用腔内射频(radiofrequency endovenous occlusion,RFO)治疗;180例(202条肢体)采用内翻剥脱术治疗.曲张静脉均采用透光旋切术(transilluminated powered phlebectomy,TIPP)治疗.比较3种方法手术时间、手术切口、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后1年时的复发率.结果 手术时问RFO组最长,平均(41±8)min,EVLT组与内翻剥脱组相近.术后住院时间EVLT组(1.2±0.4)d与RFO组(2.1±0.8)d较短,与内翻剥脱组比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术中出血量内翻剥脱组较其他两组多;EVLT组与RFO组的手术切口少;术后1年三组复发率相当,隐神经损伤在内翻剥脱组较多.静脉临床严重程度评分(the venous clinical severity score,VCSS)各组术后较术前明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 三组手术效果均满意且疗效相当,但激光、射频具有创伤小,并发症少的优点.     

腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张

目的:探讨腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张的可行性及其疗效。方法:随机将2000年1月至2004年1月115例、132条下肢大隐静脉曲张患肢分为A、B两组,A组行腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术,B组行传统的大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术,对两种方法进行对比研究。结果:平均切口长度A组为(2. 0±0 .6)cm,B组为(8±1 .1)cm,平均切口长度A组明显短于B组(P<0 .05);平均手术时间A组为(35±10)min,B组为(90±17)min,手术时间A组明显短于B组(P<0 .05);术后两组症状消失,均未发生并发症;患者均获随访,随访1~36个月,A组无复发,B组局部复发4例,复发率6. 06%。结论:腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术高位结扎、电灼大腿段大隐静脉,阻断其小腿段所有属支及交通支,使大隐静脉与体循环隔绝,不需抽剥大隐静脉,患者创伤小,疗效好,复发率低,是治疗大隐静脉曲张的理想术式。     

大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术后腹股沟切口淋巴瘘临床分析及文献回顾

目的 探讨大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术后腹股沟切口淋巴瘘发生的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析我院收治的120例(186条患肢)行大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术者中术后发生腹股沟切口淋巴瘘患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习.结果 大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术后腹股沟切口淋巴瘘发生率为4.3%(8/186).2例单侧腹股沟切口淋巴瘘患者扩创后予以碘伏纱布填塞创面,于第20天及第23天后淋巴瘘闭合,再行切口二期缝合,7 d后拆线;3例双侧腹股沟切口淋巴瘘患者切口创面予以医用胶喷洒后碘伏纱布填塞,3 d后淋巴瘘全部闭合,切口二期缝合、加压包扎后7 d拆线.切口均愈合良好.结论 对腹股沟区股根部不恰当的广泛解剖及淋巴结切除的不规范与大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术后腹股沟切口淋巴瘘的发生密切相关.术前对大隐静脉准确定位,术中仔细操作、避免广泛剥离、避免切除肿大淋巴结是预防腹股沟切口淋巴瘘的有效措施.淋巴瘘发生后予以医用胶封堵是有效的补救措施.     

改良大隐静脉腔内闭合联合点状剥脱术治疗下肢浅静脉曲张的疗效观察

目的对比改良大隐静脉腔内闭合联合点状剥脱术与大隐静脉高位结扎加硬化剂注射术治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年5月至2011年5月本院行改良大隐静脉腔内闭合联合点状剥脱术患者568例(676条患肢)和接受大隐静脉高位结扎加硬化剂注射术的患者487例(585条患肢),两组随访比较并发症及术后复发情况。结果两组患者静脉曲张均得到治愈。对照组出现皮下硬结57例,皮下瘀斑70例,血管血栓性浅静脉炎75例;改良组出现皮下硬结40例,皮下瘀斑55例,血管血栓性浅静脉炎60例。总体复发率两组间无统计学差异,但改良组大隐静脉主干复发率明显低于对照组。结论改良大隐静脉腔内闭合联合点状剥脱术对大隐静脉主干和大的分支行彻底剥脱临床效果佳,手术相对微创,大隐静脉主干复发率低,值得推广。     

腔内射频消融术联合局部点状剥脱与腔内激光闭塞术联合大隐静脉高位结扎治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效比较

目的比较血管腔内射频消融术(RFA)联合局部点状剥脱和腔内激光闭塞术(EVLT)联合大隐静脉高位结扎两种手术方式治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法下肢静脉曲张病人120例,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,R组60例,采用血管腔内射频消融术联合局部点状剥脱;E组60例,采用EVLT联合大隐静脉高位结扎术。比较两组病人手术时间、术中出血量、住院总费用、住院时间及术后并发症(疼痛、肿胀、局部血肿、皮肤感染、皮肤灼伤、隐神经损伤)发生率。结果两组病人手术时间比较差异无统计学意义,两组术中出血量、住院时间、住院总费用、术后并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 RFA联合局部点状剥脱治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效优于EVLT联合大隐静脉高位结扎术,术中出血少,恢复快,治疗费用低,术后并发症少。     

三种不同术式治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床分析

目的对比研究使用三种不同方法治疗大隐静脉曲张的疗效。方法对近5 a来收治的大隐静脉曲张患者180例,分别采用大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥+曲张静脉切除术(A组)、大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥+曲张静脉点抽术(B组)、大隐静脉高位结扎+腔内激光治疗术(C组),每组60例。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后出院时间、住院费用、并发症的发生率等指标。结果大隐静脉高位结扎结合腔内激光治疗术比传统金属剥脱器组的手术时间、术中出血量均显著降低(P<0.01),术后住院时间、住院费用无显著性差异;与大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥+曲张静脉点抽术治疗组比较,大隐静脉高位结扎结合腔内激光治组手术时间、住院费用显著降低(P<0.01),术中出血量较激光或射频组有所增加,术后住院时间无显著性差异;3组并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论传统的大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥+曲张静脉切除术创伤较大、切口瘢痕明显、治疗不够彻底,应逐渐摒弃不用;大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥术+曲张静脉点抽术不增加手术时间及住院时间,术后切口瘢痕较小,并发症较少,治疗彻底,可以替代传统术式;大隐静脉高位结扎结合腔内激光治疗术时间短,术后瘢痕小,治疗彻底,条件允许、操作熟练时是一种较好的方法。     

静脉剥脱联合硬化疗法治疗下肢静脉性溃疡

目的探讨大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合泡沫硬化剂注射对下肢静脉性溃疡的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2013年7月~2015年8月收治的28例下肢静脉性溃疡患者临床资料,均行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合泡沫硬化剂注射治疗。结果 28例患者成功接受大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合泡沫硬化剂注射术,平均手术时间为72(45~98)min,平均手术出血量为40(20~86)ml,平均每条肢体注射16(8~26)ml泡沫硬化剂,所有患者手术切口均一期愈合。术后活动性溃疡愈合27例(96.4%),平均愈合时间为15.8(10~28)d。1例溃疡面积较大者术后溃疡面积缩小后行植皮手术后愈合。3例患者术后小腿部曲张静脉附近呈现明显的炎症反应,予33%硫酸镁溶液湿敷后症状缓解,未出现下肢深静脉血栓形成等严重并发症。术后随访26例,平均11.6(3~26)个月,随访期间均未出现溃疡复发。结论大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合泡沫硬化剂注射治疗下肢静脉性溃疡安全、微创,临床效果满意。     

Varicose veins

This contribution discusses the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis and management of varicose veins. Reticular and thread veins are discussed briefly.     

Varicose veins

Varicose veins are common and have a negative impact on people's quality of life. Treatment has been shown to improve the quality of life in those affected and is endorsed by international clinical practice guidelines. In the UK, traditional techniques of saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctional ligation with or without stripping have been largely superseded by minimally invasive day surgery techniques under local anaesthesia. The most performed procedures include radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation, both of which may be associated with procedural discomfort and complications relating to the use of thermal energy. More recently, novel techniques, including mechanochemical ablation and cyanoacrylate glue, have entered the clinical arena with promising results. However, newer complications are also emerging (especially for cyanoacrylate). Saphenous sparing techniques also exist, selectively disconnecting refluxing points between the superficial and deep venous systems (CHIVA) or by removing incompetent tributaries via selective phlebectomy (ASVAL). This article discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of varicose veins, including the latest endovascular and targeted open surgical techniques.     

Glycosaminoglycans of normal veins and their alterations in varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis

The aim of the study was to examine the content and molecular differentiation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the wall of varicose veins. The studied material consisted of normal, varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis collected during operations on 26 patients. In the wall of varicose veins the mean GAGs' content as well as the content of sulphated GAGs, except heparan sulphate was increased, whereas the amount of hyaluronic acid was decreased. Furthermore, the increased quantitative ratio between sulphated and nonsulphated GAGs was demonstrated. The results indicate an evident extracellular matrix remodelling in the wall of varicose veins particularly those complicated by thrombophlebitis, that is characterised by alterations in the content and molecular differentiation of GAGs.     

Platelet avidity of cryopreserved veins: thrombogenicity of cryopreserved veins

Prior work has suggested that cryopreserved venous allografts may serve as an effective arterial substitute. To determine the relative thrombogenicity of this material, platelet uptake of cryopreserved canine jugular veins (CJV) before and after deendothelialization was compared to fresh CJV before and after deendothelialization, and to PTFE. CJV were frozen in Medium 199 (M199) with 10% dimethylsulfoxide to -70 degrees C. CJV were deendothelialized with collagenase (165 u/mg Worthington type II in phosphate-buffered saline) for 15 min at 37 degrees C. Canine platelets were harvested, labeled with indium-III-oxine, and suspended in 1 liter of M199. Labeled platelets were used to perfuse each graft in a nonpulsatile flow loop for 120 min. Deendothelialization led to a significant increase in platelet uptake (P less than 0.05). Frozen deendothelialized CJV showed the highest affinity for platelets. PTFE, cryopreserved, and fresh CJV showed similar affinity for platelets. Cryopreservation alone did not seem to inhibit the ability of endothelial cells to act as a nonthrombogenic surface and did not alter the histologic structure of the veins.     

Iatrogenic traumatic lesions of femoral veins during varicose veins surgery

Traumatic lesions of the femoral veins during varicose veins surgery are very uncommon and they raise several therapeutic difficulties. They occur in 1/1000 cases of varicose veins operated. The authors describe four cases of lesions of this type that were seen and treated for the last six years, probably because there was an increase in the number of varicose veins operated on in the Lisbon area. The authors discuss the surgical options and they concluded that these complications can be minimized with good anatomical and surgical skills, specially of the saphenous-femoral and saphenous-popliteal junctions.