Comparative study of antioxidant properties of wild growing and cultivated Allium species

Allium species are cultivated for the edible bulb, which is used mainly as flavoring in foods. Besides that, they could prevent tumor promotion and some processes that are associated with free radicals, such as cardiovascular diseases and aging. Therefore, different Allium species, both cultivated (Allium nutans L., A. fistulosum L., A. vineale L., A. pskemense B. Fedtsch, A. schoenoprasum L., A. cepa L. and A. sativum L.) and wild (A. flavum L., A. sphaerocephalum L., A. atroviolaceum Boiss, A. vineale L., A. ursinum L., A. scorodoprasum L., A. roseum L. and A. subhirsutum L.), were investigated in order to evaluate the antioxidant properties of their bulbs. This study reports on the results obtained for the bulb antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase), the quantities of non-enzymatic plant antioxidants (reduced glutathione and total flavonoids), the contents of soluble proteins, vitamin C, carotenoids, chlorophylls a and b, as well as for the quantities of malonyldialdehyde and .OH and O2.- radicals.     

Allium schoenoprasum L., as a natural antioxidant

The present study investigated the antioxidative properties of the bulb, leaf and stalk of Allium schoenoprasum L. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reduced glutathione and also the content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, vitamin C and soluble proteins were determined. The results indicate that extracts from all plant organs exhibited antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the leaves.     

Antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of Allium roseum and Allium subhirsutum

This study was designed to examine the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of two Allium species, Allium roseum and Allium subhirsutum. This study reports the results concerning bulb, stalk and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, (*)OH and O(2) (*-) radicals and total antioxidant capacity determined by the FRAP method. Scavenging activities were determined by ESR method. The total antioxidant capacity was the highest in the leaves of Allium roseum. Among the investigated organs the leaves exhibited the highest antioxidant activities in all investigated Allium species. The highest ESR (84.61%) scavenger activity was observed in the leaves of Allium roseum.     

Antioxidant capacity of Melampyrum barbatum – weed and medicinal plant

This study was designed to examine antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of red and yellow forms of Melampyrum barbatum L. In this study, we report the results concerning flower and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione quantity, flavonoids, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein contents and quantities of malonyldialdehyde, ^?OH and O₂^?? radicals; total antioxidant capacity was determined by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and scavenger activity by DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐pycril‐hydrasil radical) method. Lipofuscin ‘plant age pigments’ were also determined. According to our results, flowers of the red form of M. barbatum exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of green tea on erythrocytes antioxidant status of different age rats intoxicated with ethanol

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of green tea on the erythrocyte antioxidant system of ethanol‐intoxicated rats, as well as its efficacy in the prevention of lipid peroxidation. Rats (2, 12 and 24 months old) were fed on a control or an ethanol Lieber‐DeCarli diet with and without green tea (7 g/L) for 5 weeks. Examination included the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of both non‐enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation marker in rat erythrocytes. It was shown that ageing was accompanied by changes in the antioxidant enzymes activity – increase in the SOD and CAT activity and decrease in GSSG‐R and GSH‐Px activity, as well as in the level of non‐enzymatic antioxidants – GSH, vitamin A and vitamin E. The increase in the level of lipid peroxidation marker – MDA – was also observed. Green tea consumption partially prevented lipid peroxidation process, especially in erythrocytes of 2‐ and 12‐month‐old rats. It was proved that ethanol administration caused a statistically significant decrease in the activity/level of the examined antioxidants in all age groups (the most significant in the case of 24‐month‐old rats) of rats, as well as an increase in the MDA level. However, ingestion of green tea by ethanol‐intoxicated rats partially prevented the decrease in activity/level of all examined antioxidant parameters, as well as protected lipids against peroxidation in all age groups of rats. Obtained results confirm the beneficial effect of green tea on erythrocyte antioxidant abilities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of willow herb's (Epilobium angustofolium L.) antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities

The present study investigated the antioxidative properties of root, leaf and stalk of Epilobium angustofolium L. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reduced glutathione and also the content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, vitamin C and soluble proteins were determined. The results indicate that extracts from all plant organs exhibited antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the leaves. Radical scavenging capacity (RSC), determined by DPPH assay, was highest in the leaves as well as total reducing power determined by FRAP assay. Lipofuscin 'plant age pigments' were also determined.     

青天葵组织培养及植株再生的研究

目的:对青天葵进行组织培养并获得再生植株。方法:考察不同外植体、植物生长调节剂、添加物等对根状茎及再生植株生成的影响。结果:以球茎为外植体效果最好,6-BA2mg·L^-1诱导球茎生成根状茎的效果优于6-BA1mg·L^-1,椰汁、活性炭对根状茎的生长有促进作用。结论:青天葵球茎接种于1/2MS+6-BA2mg·L^-1培养基上,能够诱导出芽,芽接种于添加了10%椰汁和1‰活性炭的培养基中能够生成大量的根状茎,将白色的根状茎接种于1/2MS+1‰活性炭的培养基中能够先形成球茎,并进一步形成再生植株;将绿色的根状茎接种于1/2MS+6-BA2mg·L^-1+NAA2mg·L^-1的培养基上能够直接形成再生植株。     

药用植物大规模组织培养的相关问题探讨

为提高药用植物的产量和品质,增强我国药用植物产业的竞争力,该文对药用植物大规模组织培养的现状、存在的问题及对策进行了分析。尽管生物技术是药用植物生产最快捷、最有前途的手段之一,但仍存在诸如培养材料稳定性、转基因药用植物安全性、培养条件优化等方面的问题。因此,针对药用植物自身特点,建立完善健全的评价体系,是保证药用植物大规模组织培养可持续发展的关键举措。     

高寒藏药白花假龙胆的组织培养研究

目的　研究不同条件对愈伤组织诱导、继代和分化的影响 ,探讨白花假龙胆的无性快速繁殖的可能性。方法　用白花假龙胆的胚轴、幼叶及未成熟种子诱导愈伤组织并再生植株。结果　选用MS ,B5和N63种培养基 ,其中以附加 2 ,4 D(2 ,4 二氯苯氧乙酸 ) 3.0mg·L-1+KT(激动素 ) 1.0mg·L-1的MS培养基诱导率最高 ;以附加 6 (6 苄基腺嘌呤 )BA 0 .5mg·L-1+NAA(萘乙酸 ) 0 .2mg·L-1的MS培养基分化苗频率最高 ;以附加 2 ,4 D 2 .0mg·L-1+KT 0 .5mg·L-1的MS培养基愈伤组织的生长最好。结论　外植体、培养基、激素、培养条件等对愈伤组织诱导、继代和分化均有明显影响。     

植物组织培养技术在中药资源中的应用

植物组织培养技术以其独特的优势被广泛的应用于中药资源领域,在中药资源保护方面发挥了重要的作用。该文综述了近年来植物组织培养的一些应用,包括植物组织培养生产药用植物活性化合物、遗传多样性分析、道地药材、诱导子应用、生物合成及转基因植物等。通过以上研究将进一步促进植物组织培养技术的发展,使其在中药资源领域发挥更大的作用。     

知母组织培养的初步研究

目的以知母种子为试验材料,对知母的组织培养进行了初步研究,以期建立知母的再生体系。方法采用植物组织培养和单因子试验的方法对知母无菌体系的建立、分蘖芽的增殖、分蘖愈伤组织的诱导和再分化以及再生苗的移栽进行研究。结果 知母种子最佳的消毒方式是75%酒精处理30 s后用0.1%HgCl2处理15 min;知母分蘖芽增殖的最佳培养基是MS+KT 1 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L;知母分蘖愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L;知母愈伤组织再分化的最佳培养基是MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;知母愈伤组织再生芽最佳的生根培养基是1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L;知母试管苗最佳的移栽基质是腐殖土。结论本实验建立了知母的再生体系,为知母试管苗的工厂化生产奠定了技术基础。     

喇叭唇石斛组织培养的研究

目的 :筛选喇叭唇石斛快速繁殖体系的适宜培养基及培养条件。方法 :对基本培养基、光照条件、激素、天然提取物浓度等进行比较研究。进行叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量测定。结果 :N₆培养基是种胚萌发成苗适宜培养基 ,而 1/2 MS +NAA 0.5mg·L^-1易于原球茎膨大增殖。先暗培养 20d再光照培养有利于胚的萌发及苗的生长。 1/ 2MS +NAA 0～ 0 .5mg·L^-1有利于原球茎大量增殖 ,N₆+6 BA 2 .0mg·L^-1+NAA 0 .5mg·L^-1+10 %马铃薯汁是原球茎分化的适宜培养基 ,添加激素和马铃薯汁促进叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量上升。N₆+NAA 0 .5mg·L^-1+10 %香蕉汁生根壮苗最适宜。结论 :无机盐浓度、氮源形态、光照条件对胚萌发生长影响较大 ;氮源形态对原球茎增殖有影响 ;叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量能反映组培苗的生长状态 ,可作为筛选培养基参考指标。     

白头翁组织培养研究

目的 :为加快白头翁种苗生产速度及其生产的现代化。方法 :利用组织培养的方法 ,在添加不同种类植物激素处理组合的培养基上 ,对不同的外植体进行初代培养、丛生芽继代培养及其生根培养进行研究。结果 :适宜于白头翁的初代培养基 :MS + 6-BA 1.0～ 30mg·L ^-1+NAA 0～ 0.05mg·L ^-1+蔗糖 3 0g·L ^-1;增殖培养基 :MS + 6-BA 0 .2mg·L ^-1+NAA 0.02mg·L ^-1+BR 0.000 01mg·L ^-1+蔗糖 3 0g·L ^-1;生根培养基 :1/ 2MS +NAA 0.4mg·L ^-1+蔗糖 20g·L ^-1。结论 :采用白头翁的茎尖和花蕾作为外植体 ,利用组织培养的方法能够实现种苗的工厂化快速繁殖。     

五指毛桃组织培养获得再生植株的研究

目的采用组织培养快繁技术培养五指毛桃种苗,为人工种植提供种源。方法采用五指毛桃叶片作外植体,以MS和1/2 MS为基本培养基,采用正交设计研究植物生长调节剂多因素组合(6-BA、NAA、2,4-D、IAA、KT和IBA)对五指毛桃初代诱导、不定芽分化和诱导生根的影响。结果不定芽最佳诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA,外植体经20 d诱导培养,可分化形成不定芽72个;MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L IAA+0.3 mg/L KT最利于不定芽继代增殖,增殖倍数6.67;1/2 MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+0.3 mg/L NAA最适于诱导生根获得再生植株,生根率100%;宜移栽于泥炭-珍珠岩(1︰1)的基质上,成活率为93%。结论此途径繁殖速度快、再生率高,能为栽培五指毛桃提供大量种苗。     

泰国葛组织培养和快速繁殖体系优化研究

目的：研究泰国葛的组织培养与快速繁殖技术。方法：以嫩枝为外植体，通过调整基本培养基、生长调节剂种类和配比、以及向培养基中添加特殊化合物，以期选择出适合的诱导、继代增殖和生根培养基配方。结果：MS+IBA 0.05 mg·L^-1+BA 0.5 mg·L^-1利于诱导出芽，可用于初代培养；MS+IBA 0.02 mg·L^-1+BA 0.2 mg·L^-1和MS+BA 0.1 mg·L^-1可用于增殖和继代培养，25 d繁殖系数3.0；1/2 MS+IBA 0.1 mg·L^-1+IAA 0.2 mg·L^-1+C(特殊化合物)10 mg·L^-1适于诱导生根获得再生植株，生根率76.9%。生根苗春、夏季移栽，成活率81.0%。结论：本方法可用于泰国葛种苗的快速繁殖。     

河北香菊中黄酮类成分体外抗氧化活性研究及构效关系探讨

目的:通过研究河北香菊中5种黄酮类成分木犀草素、芹菜素、金合欢素、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的体外抗氧化活性,探讨河北香菊的抗氧化机制及黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的构效关系。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定对DPPH自由基的清除作用及对H2O2诱导的大鼠红细胞溶血的抑制作用;用硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)测定对H2O2诱导的大鼠脑匀浆脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用;用谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)试剂盒法测定对大鼠血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的影响。结果:河北香菊中5种黄酮类成分在清除DPPH自由基、抗红细胞溶血、抑制脑匀浆脂质过氧化、提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力方面均呈现出较好的活性,活性顺序表现为木犀草素>木犀草苷>芹菜素>金合欢素>金合欢苷。结论:河北香菊所具有的抗氧化活性与其所含黄酮类成分清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、提高抗氧化物酶活性有关,且黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构中的羟基数目和位置以及糖苷的空间位阻有关。     

Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in diabetic rats

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in alloxan diabetic rats was studied. Increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in circulating antioxidants were observed in the diabetic state. The levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid and β‐carotene in blood were significantly lowered and α‐tocopherol content was increased. Supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet lowered lipid peroxidation. The contents of glutathione and β‐carotene were increased and the α‐tocopherol content was lowered. The level of ascorbic acid was unaltered. The level of antioxidants were higher in normal rats which were fed with the fenugreek supplemented diet compared with control animals which were fed commercial rat chow. The study shows that disrupted free radical metabolism in diabetic animals may be normalized by fenugreek seed supplementation in the diet.­Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

林荫银莲花组织培养研究

目的研究林荫银莲花Anemone flaccida组织培养技术,为保护与合理利用这一珍稀中药资源提供新的方法和技术途径。方法筛选适合组织培养的最佳外植体,并研究不同植物生长调节物质对林荫银莲花愈伤组织诱导和芽分化的影响。结果在MS培养基中添加2.0 mg/L 6-BA和1.0 mg/L NAA,在温度17℃条件下培养有利于愈伤组织诱导和芽的分化;生长健壮的芽为最佳外植体,其愈伤组织诱导率可达85.7%,且易分化形成不定芽和拟球茎;在1/2 MS+0.2 mg/L NAA培养基上,5℃条件下培养,再生拟球茎和不定芽生根良好。结论本研究为林荫银莲花种苗繁殖提供了有效途径,为其人工扩大栽培奠定了良好基础。     

黄芩组织培养快速繁殖技术的优化

目的 建立和优化黄芩组织培养克隆化快速繁殖技术，为保护黄芩的野生资源，发展人工资源和探讨育种新途径奠定基础。方法 在组织培养条件下进行黄芩愈伤组织的诱导、分化，试管苗复壮和生根等一系列技术优化试验。结果黄芩试管苗的节、节间都很容易诱导出愈伤组织，诱导率均达100％，而叶片的愈伤组织诱导率低，PP333对黄芩试管苗的生长有着显著的矮壮作用。结论 黄芩试管苗的节是诱导愈伤组织的理想外植体，在培养基中适当添加PP333能显著改善试管苗的素质；PP333与激素的配合使用，能十分有效地调控黄芩愈伤组织的分化、试管苗的生长与生根，并能显著提高移栽成活率。     

药用植物组织培养与脱落酸

脱落酸在植物的许多生理过程中起着至关重要的作用,而且它在药用植物生物技术领域研究中的地位不断提升.文章对脱落酸在药用植物组织培养和种质离体保存、改变药用植物次级代谢物的积累等方面的各种作用进行了综述.