慢性冠状动脉闭塞置入支架术与球囊扩张术的比较

目的为了解冠状动脉内支架及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）治疗完全闭塞性冠状动脉血管的临床及冠状动脉造影效果。方法９５例完全冠状动脉闭塞的病人随机分成为：置入支架组（Ａ组４８例）;单纯ＰＴＣＡ组（Ｂ组４７例）,观察二组病人发生临床事件及６个月后的冠状动脉造影效果。结果６个月后两组病人完成临床及冠状动脉造影随访的共８５例,随访率为８９％,Ａ组４２例,Ｂ组４３例。Ａ组：１例于术后１０天内出现心肌梗塞,无１例死亡,其再狭窄率为２８．５％,血管再闭塞率为１１９％,最终重复血管重建术为１９％。Ｂ组：１例死亡,２例发生急性心肌梗塞,再狭窄率为５８％,血管再闭塞率为２２％,最终重复血管重建术达４５％。两组之间临床疗效差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论冠状动脉慢性闭塞的病人ＰＴＣＡ成功后选择性置入支架比单纯ＰＴＣＡ的近期及远期临床疗效预后要好（发生临床事件及重复血管重建术明显下降）。     

评价冠状动脉内支架对冠状动脉闭塞的临床及血管造影的远期疗效

目的　研究对完全闭塞的血管成功ＰＴＣＡ术后,选择性置入支架的近期及远期临床疗效及血管造影结果。方法４９８例完全血管闭塞的病人中,能成功进行ＰＴＣＡ并置入支架,完成临床及血管造影随访的８４例病人,共放置９８个支架,观察其术后近期及远期临床事件发生率及血管造影的特点。结果　置入支架后,住院期间,５％的病人出现亚急性血管闭塞,无死亡,１例发生心肌梗塞,至半年随访终点时,共有３０％的病人出现再狭窄,血管闭塞率１３％,重施血管再通术２０％,半年后的无心脏事件率为６８％。结论对完全血管闭塞病人,选择性支架术明显降低再狭窄及血管闭塞率,减少临床心脏事件的发生率。     

慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的介入治疗

目的探讨慢性冠状动脉完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和支架置入治疗的可行性和临床价值。方法对血管完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和（或）支架置入治疗,评价其临床效果。结果共对２８例完全闭塞的冠状动脉行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架治疗。１７支左前降支治疗中,４例失败,植入支架６例。４支左回旋支治疗中,１例失败,置入支架１例。７支右冠状动脉治疗中,３例失败,置入支架２例。成功率为７１．４％,９例病人置入支架（３２．１％）,无严重并发症。随访１～４２个月效果良好。结论对血管完全闭塞病变行ＰＴＣＡ和支架置入治疗,仍有较高的成功率和安全性。     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床作用

本文报道了３１例冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变在经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）并发急性血管内闭塞、内膜严重撕裂、术后显著残留狭窄及短期内再狭窄等的情况下行冠状动脉内支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ）,均获成功。术后急性血管闭塞和内膜撕裂征象消失,残留狭窄及再狭窄解除,未出现出血和穿刺部位血管并发症及ＣＡＳＩ后亚急性血栓形成。随访２６例,１例术后１３天发生猝死,２例因胸痛复发经造影证实支架血管再狭窄,再次球囊扩张后再狭窄改善,余２３例冠状动脉造影示支架血管正常。结果表明,冠心病复杂冠状动脉病变行ＣＡＳＩ是解除ＰＴＣＡ急性并发症的安全有效的可行方法,亦有助于ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄的防治。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄病变的进展及预测因子的研究

对冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后３个月经冠状动脉造影（ＣＡＧ）证实，ＰＴＣＡ实施部位出现中等度（ＡＨＡ分类狭窄度５０％～７５％）狭窄的病例继续追踪一年，观察狭窄病变进展与否，对有关ＣＡＧ所见及临床上诸因子进行比较研究。结果表明，在ＰＴＣＡ后３个月追踪ＣＡＧ的２５７例病人中，ＰＴＣＡ部位出现中等度再狭窄８２例，占全部ＰＴＣＡ病例的３１．９％；其中一年后病变进展的１１例（Ａ组），病变未进展的７１例（Ｂ组）。经ｔ检验，伴有溃疡病变和钙化病变的病人在ＰＴＣＡ前Ａ组明显高于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。通过多元逐步回归分析，ＰＴＣＡ术后６个月内不稳定性心绞痛和血清总胆固醇增高等临床危险因素与ＰＴＣＡ前病变形态的ＡＨＡ分类为Ｃ型病变、钙化、病变血管弯曲度大、冠脉入口病变、ＰＴＣＡ后３个月再狭窄程度、ＰＴＣＡ后冠脉夹层等冠脉造影所见与狭窄病变后期进展有密切关系。而追踪期药物治疗、诸多心血管系统药物对ＰＴＣＡ后慢性期狭窄的进展无明显影响。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后冠状动脉再狭窄的外科治疗

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后冠状动脉再狭窄的治疗方法。方法分析２５例ＰＴＣＡ术后冠状动脉再狭窄接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术（ＣＡＢＧ）患的ＰＴＣＡ前后的临床资料。ＰＴＣＡ后心绞痛症状未缓解５例,术后２天至１７个月复发心绞痛２０例,平均再狭窄发生时间ＰＴＣＡ后４．６个月。一次ＰＴＣＡ后选择ＣＡＢＧ１９例,２次４例,３次２例。除ＰＴＣＡ或支架部位处发生再狭窄外,５例狭窄以冠状动脉病     

冠状动脉内支架在经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术中的应用

在经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）中，１６例患者因发生冠脉内膜剥离、急性血管闭塞及再狭窄而放置冠脉内支架，成功１５例。认为冠脉内支架可有效地防止ＰＴＣＡ术的急性并发症（内膜剥离、夹层形成、血管急性闭塞等）的发生。     

复杂性冠状动脉病变的支架治疗

对２８例３２处复杂性冠状动脉（冠脉）病变的病人行冠脉内支架置入术，置入ＰａｌｍａｔｚＳｃｈａｔｚ型支架３２个，Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ型支架４个，其中２例置入３个支架，２例由于病变较长，故在同一病变部位置入２个支架，２例因置入支架时造成病变近端血管撕裂而重新置入另一个支架，支架置入成功率１００％，２例出现局部血管撕裂，１例术后股动脉穿刺部位血肿，２例出院后口服华法令过程中出现皮肤淤斑，１例出现肉眼血尿，无其它并发症。有５例术后半年行冠脉造影示支架部位血流通畅，无再狭窄发生。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠脉左前降支近中段病变的临床疗效评价

目的评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠脉左前降支近中段病变的临床疗效。方法以冠脉造影显示左前降支近中段狭窄病变并分别置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES组)或裸金属支架(BMS组)的患者各100例为研究对象。记录患者的一般情况、临床和冠脉病变特征,术后1年临床随访和冠脉造影复查。结果两组患者匹配良好,仅SES组置入支架的长度显著长于BMS组(21.07±7.45mmvs18.25±6.82mm,P=0.0057)。在随访中,无心源性死亡,SES组1例因支架内再狭窄发生急性心肌梗死。冠脉造影复查显示SES组再狭窄率较BMS组显著降低(7.4%vs25.9%,P=0.002),并直接导致不良事件发生率的下降。结论药物洗脱支架显著降低左前降支近中段狭窄病变介入治疗后再狭窄发生率,可作为血运重建的一种有效策略。     

应用小C臂X光机行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(附134例报告)

目的探讨应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机（ＯＥＣ）行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和冠状动脉内支架植入术的可行性。方法１３４例冠心病患者造影显示冠状动脉狭窄程度均≥７５％,采用美国ＯＥＣ９６００型小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果１３４例冠心病患者共２０４处病变成功地完成了ＰＴＣＡ,其中９２例置入了１０６枚冠脉内支架,６例因多支冠脉病变分别置入２～３枚支架,术后冠脉造影显示管腔扩张满意,无残余狭窄。全部病例术后心绞痛症状较术前明显减轻或消失。除１例在支架置入术后发生急性血栓形成和３例出现术后穿刺部血肿外,无其它并发症发生。结论对冠心病患者应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架置入术可能是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

心肌桥介入治疗后支架内再狭窄及其再次治疗效果的观察

目的观察心肌桥病变介入治疗的再狭窄率及其治疗效果。方法选择有症状的单纯心肌桥改变且收缩期严重狭窄(≥95%)者17例作治疗组(A组),对照组选择单纯前降支动脉粥样硬化严重狭窄(≥70%)者54例(B组),两组均应用普通冠脉支架介入治疗。结果两组介入手术均成功,两组支架植入后的血管内径及支架长度比较无显著差别(P>0.05)。A组6个月内8例(47%)出现再狭窄,B组8例再狭窄(14.8%),A组和B组的再狭窄率有显著差别(P<0.05);两组中再狭窄病人均再次接受治疗。平均随访20月,A组8例中7例未再发生支架内狭窄及心绞痛事件,1例再次支架内狭窄,B组再次介入治疗的6例中1例再次支架内狭窄。结论心肌桥病变的介入治疗远期疗效尚好,但远期支架内再狭窄率较高,需再次介入治疗。     

Randomized comparison of balloon angioplasty versus silicon carbon-coated stent implantation for de novo lesions in small coronary arteries

The objectives of this study were to compare the short- and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of conventional balloon angioplasty versus elective silicon carbide-coated stent implantation in de novo lesions in small coronary arteries (<3.0 mm). Angioplasty of small coronary arteries is associated with high restenosis rates. The beneficial effects of stent implantation on restenosis rates and clinical outcomes have been suggested by observational studies. However, randomized trials comparing balloon angioplasty with stenting show conflicting results. A total of 496 patients with a de novo stenosis in a coronary artery, with a diameter between 2.0 and 3.0 mm, were randomly assigned to balloon angioplasty (n = 246) or stent implantation (n = 250). One-year clinical and 6-month angiographic follow-up were performed. Baseline characteristics were similar for the 2 groups, with 16% having diabetes and 77% complex lesions (type B or C). Crossover to stents occurred in 29% of patients randomized to balloon angioplasty. At 6 months, angiographic restenosis rates were 25% versus 21% for the angioplasty and stent groups, respectively (p = NS). One-year clinical follow-up showed no difference in occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. Elective silicon carbon-coated stent implantation in small coronary arteries is safe and effective, with no beneficial effect on angiographic or clinical outcome compared with balloon angioplasty with provisional stenting.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄与介入前病变形态学的关系

目的：探讨国人冠心病经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后再狭窄与冠状动脉（冠脉）病变类型、部位和病变血管数的关系。　　方法：冠心病介入治疗３５２ 例,选择其中６５ 例（８６个病变）术后３～１６个月造影随访者,按随访结果分为再狭窄组（ｎ＝ ３８）,非再狭窄组（ｎ＝ ２７）,分析再狭窄与病变形态学的关系。　　结果：再狭窄与多个易患因子、多支病变、病变类型和前降支病变呈正相关,与支架置入呈负相关。再狭窄组Ｃ型、钙化病变多见,前降支病变内径丢失比回旋支、右冠脉病变大（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,半年内一支血管病变再狭窄率（１０．２７％ ）低于二支（４１．１０％ ）和三支（４８．５０％ ）血管病变再狭窄率（Ｐ＜ ０．０００１）。　　结论：再狭窄与冠脉病变类型、部位和血管支数相关,Ｃ型及钙化、多支和前降支病变再狭窄率高     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架在急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用

目的 观察雷帕霉素洗脱支架(CypherTM)对急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)的疗效.方法 选择住院的接受雷帕霉素洗脱支架植入的ACS 83例,在支架植入术后9个月内,进行电话或门诊随访,冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉螺旋CT扫描,计算不良心脏事件发生率,评价合并糖尿病及其它病变的疗效.结果 83例患者共植入支架112枚,植入成功率为98.8%.接受冠状动脉造影29例(34.9%),接受冠状动脉螺旋计算机断层扫描1例.发生主要不良心脏事件10例,发生率12.0%,其中猝死1例,再发心肌梗死1例,再次血运重建8例(1例为新的病变),与支架相关的再狭窄及血栓事件发生率为10.8%(9/83);糖尿病、弥漫病变、重叠支架、高血脂时再狭窄率分别为13.3%,11.1%,11.1%和8.5%.结论 雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗ACS安全、可靠;弯曲、弥漫、较长的冠状动脉病变或合并糖尿病者,出现再狭窄的概率增加.     

Randomised trial of elective stenting after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of occluded coronary arteries

Background—The value of angioplasty in occluded coronary arteries is limited by a restenosis/reocclusion rate of 50-70%. In patients with subtotal occlusion, stent implantation has been shown to reduce clinical and angiographic restenosis. Retrospective observational studies have suggested that stenting could reduce restenosis in total occlusions. The value of sustained coronary patency on global and regional left ventricular function in this clinical setting has not been defined clearly.
Objectives—To assess the medium term effect of elective intracoronary stent deployment after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of an occluded coronary artery.
Methods—Sixty patients with a total coronary occlusion successfully treated by PTCA were randomised to receive an intracoronary stent or no stent. Patients underwent clinical and angiographic follow up at six months.
Results—Thirty patients received a stent (group A) and 30 were treated by angioplasty alone (group B), all with initial success. One patient in group B required repeat angioplasty with stenting at 24 hours and one patient died after 10 days. Angiographic follow up was available for 57 patients. This showed a significantly reduced reocclusion rate in group A compared with group B (7% v 29%, p < 0.01) and a tendency to a reduced restenosis rate (22% v 40%, p = 0.105) in patients with no reocclusion. Left ventricular function, both global and regional, improved in group A. Only the regional left ventricular function in the area supplied by the target coronary artery improved in group B. Recurrence of symptoms and clinical events such as repeat angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, death or myocardial infarction tended to be reduced in group A (4 (13%) v 9 (30%)).
Conclusions—Intracoronary stent insertion is effective in reducing the rate of reocclusion and shows a trend towards reduced restenosis after opening of a total coronary occlusion by balloon angioplasty. Sustained patency of the target coronary artery is associated with improvement in global and regional left ventricular function.

Keywords: intracoronary stenting;  total coronary occlusion;  left ventricular function     

药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄临床分析

目的分析药物涂层球囊(DCB)在治疗冠状动脉药物涂层支架内再狭窄病变中的疗效。方法回顾性分析20例冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄患者接受药物涂层球囊治疗的临床资料及随访结果。结果 20例患者共21处再狭窄病变接受DCB治疗,术中即刻成功率95.23%,1处病变在应用DCB治疗后并发夹层并出现TIMI 2级血流,然后植入药物洗脱支架(DES)治疗。所有病例术后随访至今无心绞痛再发,未发生主要心血管不良事件。其中12例患者在术后6~9个月接受冠状动脉造影复查,复查时靶病变最小管腔直径与术后即刻直径比较,按病变血管统计,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);合计统计比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DCB治疗DES支架内再狭窄即刻及短期疗效肯定,可以作为支架内再狭窄的一种新的治疗手段。     

Effect of plaque debulking and stenting on short- and long-term outcomes after revascularization of chronic total occlusions

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effect of plaque burden modification (debulking) on the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of patients with a totally occluded native coronary artery undergoing successful stent deployment. BACKGROUND: Although the primary success rate of crossing a chronic totally occluded coronary artery has improved with the development of new interventional devices and guidewires, the rate of acute reocclusion and restenosis remains high. METHODS: The in-hospital and late clinical outcomes of 150 patients who had undergone successful stenting of 176 chronic total occlusions were analyzed. After successful crossing of the lesion, 44 patients with 50 lesions underwent debulking by laser angioplasty, rotational or directional atherectomy followed by stenting, whereas 106 patients with 126 lesions underwent stent implantation without prior debulking. RESULTS: Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar for the two groups, except for a higher incidence of left anterior descending coronary artery location and longer lesions in the group of patients who underwent debulking prior to stenting. In-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction and repeat angioplasty rates were similar for the two groups. At a mean 14 +/- 8 months follow-up time, there were no deaths in either group, and target lesion revascularization rates were the same (16.3% in the debulking plus stent group vs. 14.4% in the stent alone group, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of chronic total native coronary artery occlusions with stent deployment with and without lesion modification (debulking) results in a favorable in-hospital outcome, with relatively low long-term target lesion revascularization rates.     

急性冠脉综合征患者药物洗脱支架雷帕霉素CypherTM植入后的不良反应分析

目的:分析雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架CypherTM植入后对急性冠脉综合征患者近、远期的不良反应.方法: 选择接受CypherTM治疗的冠心病患者83例,在支架植入术后9个月内全部接受门诊随访及冠脉造影,了解支架内急性和亚急性血栓、边缘效应、贴壁不良现象、支架处动脉瘤发生率及相应的不良心脏事件(MACE)发生情况.结果:83例患者共植入支架112个,植入成功率为98.8%(82/83).29例(34.9%)接受冠脉造影,MACE9例,发生率10.8%(9/83),其中,1例术中发生猝死,1例术后3d因亚急性血栓造成再发心肌梗死,其余7例在出院后1～3 月内发生心绞痛,皆经造影证实为血栓形成,再次成功靶血管血运重建8例;其余20例无症状患者造影发现支架边缘狭窄(无血栓)2例,总再狭窄为13.3%(11/83);无动脉瘤发生.9例MACE中,有弥漫病变5例,其中4例植入长支架,1例植入重叠支架,其余为简单病变;29例患者共发现贴壁不良现象5例,皆发生MACE,其中4例为弥漫病变植入长支架,1例为简单病变.结论:急性或亚急性血栓形成是药物支架CypheTM植入后出现的主要不良反应,可能与弥漫病变植入长、重叠支架引起贴壁不良有关.     

The clinical and angiographic evolution of dilated lesions in the proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery: stent versus balloon

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The restenosis rate after coronary balloon angioplasty of lesions located in the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery is high, having been recommended elective stent implantation in order to improve the outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, anatomic and angiographic factors related to the short-term outcome after angioplasty of severe lesions in the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery, with and without stent implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We study 87 patients with severe stenosis (> or = 70%) of the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery treated successfully with angioplasty. In 54 patients (62%) a conventional balloon was used (group A) and in 33 (38%) a stent was implanted (group B). RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 61.9 +/- 12 years old, 74% were male and angioplasty was performed because of unstable angina in 72%. At the end of the follow-up (mean 6.3 +/- 1.5 months), 21% of patients in group B had angina vs 54% in group A (p = 0.03). Group B patients experienced a lower restenosis rate (30% vs. 50%; p = 0.07) and less repeat angioplasty procedures (33% vs 21%; p = NS) than group A. These results were maintained independently of the vessel diameter (< 3 mm or > or = 3 mm) or when an optimal result (< 25%) after balloon angioplasty was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, stenting of lesions located in the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery appears imply a better short-term clinical, angiographic outcome and a lower restenosis rate than lesions treated with conventional balloon angioplasty, even despite an optimal result after balloon angioplasty or independently of the vessel diameter. Future studies will be necessary to confirm these results.     

心肌桥和心肌桥近端合并严重动脉粥样硬化病变的介入治疗疗效观察

目的通过与心肌桥本身介入治疗疗效的比较,观察心肌桥近端血管严重动脉粥样硬化病变的介入治疗疗效。方法试验组选择心肌桥近端动脉粥样硬化并严重狭窄（≥70％）者28例（A组）,对照组选择有症状的单纯心肌桥改变且收缩期严重狭窄（≥195％）者16例（B组）和单纯前降支动脉粥样硬化严重狭窄（≥70％）者54例（C组）,应用普通冠状动脉支架介入治疗。结果三组均成功行介入手术,三组支架置入后的血管内径及支架长度比较差异无统计学意义。A组6个月内4例（14．3％）再狭窄,B组6个月内7例（43．7％）出现再狭窄,C组8例（14．8％）再狭窄,A组和c组的再狭窄率差异无统计学意义,但均显著低于B组（P〈0．05）。三组中再狭窄患者均再次接受介入治疗。结论心肌桥近端严重动脉粥样硬化病变的介入治疗疗效未受心肌桥近端异常血流动力学的影响。但心肌桥病变本身的介入治疗远期再狭窄率较高。