改良的额肌瓣悬吊治疗上睑下垂

目的　为了减少额肌损伤,保证额肌瓣的收缩力,提高上睑下垂的治疗效果。方法　重睑成形术切口,切开皮肤、皮下及眼轮匝肌。于眼轮匝肌深面向上直接分离额肌深层,然后再于眶缘额肌与眼轮匝肌交界处进入额肌浅层分离达眉上1.5～2cm,纵行切开肌瓣两侧,外侧应为内侧的1/3。结果　临床应用治疗38例59只眼,除1例因外伤致左眼上睑下垂,术后效果欠佳外,其余37例58只眼治疗效果满意。结论　本法减少了额肌瓣外侧血管神经损伤,由于增加蒂部宽度,增强了额肌瓣的收缩力。适用于中,重度上睑下垂的治疗。     

应用改良额肌筋膜瓣矫治中重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨应用改良额肌筋膜瓣经眼轮匝肌与眶隔膜间转移治疗中、重度上睑下垂的临床疗效.方法 采用常规重睑切口,经眼轮匝肌下分离、松解,制成眼轮匝肌额肌筋膜瓣后,缝合于睑板中份.自2002年3月至2009年10月,治疗了30例(48只眼)中、重度上睑下垂患者.结果 术后经6-12个月的随访,30例患者的48只眼均闭合自如,外形满意,重睑弧度自然,无并发症发生.结论 应用改良额肌筋膜瓣经眼轮匝肌与眶隔膜间转移修复中、重度上睑下垂疗效可靠而有效,术后眼睑动静自如、形态逼真、无臃肿、上睑缘无成角畸形,值得临床推广应用.     

眼轮匝肌瓣悬吊治疗重度上睑下垂

目的探讨眼轮匝肌瓣悬吊治疗重度上睑下垂方法的临床效果。方法做重睑成形术切口，于皮肤与眼轮匝肌间向上分离达眉上缘，再于眼轮匝肌深面、眶隔浅面向上分离达眶上缘；根据睑板宽度及弧度设计眼轮匝肌瓣，向下推进固定在睑板前方，悬吊上睑。结果15例24只眼重度上睑下垂者术后效果均较满意，睑缘外形匀称优美，眼睑闭合功能良好，无并发症。不足之处是，向下注视时有上睑停滞现象。结论眼轮匝肌瓣悬吊手术操作简单，手术野显露良好，固定牢靠，张力适当，不易复发；无需做额肌纵切口，不损伤眶上血管神经束及面神经额支，不减弱额肌的收缩力，是一种治疗重度上睑下垂可供选择的方法。     

双眼轮匝肌瓣法治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 探讨一种治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的手术新方法.方法 采用重睑成形术切口,保留睑板前的眼轮匝肌,在皮肤和眼轮匝肌及眼轮匝肌深面分别向上剥离至眶上缘,形成蒂在眶上缘附近的上方眼轮匝肌瓣.然后,分离切口下缘的眼轮匝肌及其周围组织,形成一个蒂在上睑缘下方的眼轮匝肌瓣.将上方的眼轮匝肌瓣向下推进、固定于睑板,悬吊上睑,把下方的肌皮瓣加以适度张力后与上方肌皮瓣缝合.结果 本组患者8例(15只眼),术后即刻可以完全闭合睑裂.随访24个月,提上睑功能良好.结论 双眼轮匝肌瓣法治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,拥有良好的提上睑功能,同时还可以避免术后上睑外翻的发生,防止术中损伤角膜.     

改良额肌瓣矫治重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨改良额肌筋膜瓣悬吊矫治重度上睑下垂的术式.方法 针对其操作较复杂损伤额肌瓣生理功能而影响手术效果的特点,改良形成了额肌眼轮匝肌瓣直接缝合于睑板上缘的提上睑肌腱上联合手术.结果 本组36例,51只眼,术后随访了25例1～2年,33只眼矫治满意,平视时上睑缘在瞳孔上缘,重睑弧线自然流畅,睑裂闭合良好.2只眼矫治略显不足,无并发症出现.结论 额肌眼轮匝肌瓣,提上睑肌联合手术,操作简易,创伤小,保证了肌瓣的收缩功能,维持了上睑原有的生理结构状态,使上睑缘整齐自然,无成角畸形、内外翻等并发症出现.     

额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂临床探索

目的:探索重度上睑下垂的治疗方法.方法:制作宽窄和长度适宜的额肌瓣,经眼轮匝肌与眶隔膜间隧道,下移固定于睑板上缘,治疗重度上睑下垂97例.结果:临床治疗126只眼(97例),随访0.5～9年,外形自然,闭合自如,无复发现象,均获满意效果.结论:额肌瓣悬吊术是活疗重度上睑下垂可靠而有效的方法.     

梯形额肌瓣转移治疗上睑下垂

目的 提高上睑下垂的治疗效果，防止复发。方法 弧形切断额肌形成梯形额肌，经修剪成上窄下宽的梯形额肌瓣，经上睑眼轮匝肌下转移，使梯形额肌瓣下缘与睑板广泛接触并缝合。结果 16例24只眼，术后上睑下垂矫正满意，睑缘外形匀称，上睑闭合良好，无复发和并发症。结论 梯形额肌瓣转移，与睑板缝合牢固，有利于额肌瓣收缩上提眼睑，尤适用于中重度上睑下垂的治疗。     

眼轮匝肌桥形皮瓣在额肌悬吊矫治上睑下垂术中的应用

目的：改进额肌悬吊手术环节，以提高上睑下垂手术效果，增加层次感和稳固性。方法：分离睑板前眼轮匝肌成一条内外眦相连，中部游离的眼轮匝肌条，待额肌瓣与睑板缝合固定后，眼轮匝肌条压覆于重睑线上方的额肌瓣上，再缝合皮肤切口。结果：本组病例共39例，年龄3～37岁，男性20例，女性19例，均未出现睑内外翻和睑缘切迹，“闭合不全”和“睑停滞”现象得到减轻和较快恢复，眼睑有张力，外形效果好，层次感明显。结论：眼轮匝肌桥形皮瓣应用于额肌悬吊术治疗上睑下垂，可提高手术效果，助于减轻或克服某些睑位和睑形异常的并发症。     

眶脂肪瓣联合眼轮匝肌复合瓣移植在重度上睑凹陷者重睑成形术中的应用

目的探讨眶脂肪瓣联合眼轮匝肌复合瓣移植在重度上睑凹陷者行切开法重睑成形术中的应用效果。方法于重睑切口下方剥离眼轮匝肌及部分睑板前组织后,转移至重睑切口上方,充分释放眶脂肪,将外侧眶脂肪转移至中内侧。结果本组30例患者均对术后效果满意,其中21例获随访24个月。重睑切口愈合良好,无明显瘢痕及台阶感,无上睑凹凸不平发生。结论对于重度上睑凹陷患者,在重睑成形术中行眶脂肪瓣联合眼轮匝肌复合瓣移植,除具有效果好、形态自然、切口仅为重睑切口的优势外,还能解决因脂肪瓣转移组织量不足及眼轮匝肌复合瓣转移不能到达凹陷下方的问题。     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:为更好地保持眼睑的原有结构,符合其生理和生物力学特点,探索一种治疗重度上睑下垂的新方法。方法:术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔筋膜至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板上缘的梯形瓣,按设计线全层切开眶隔,形成眶隔筋膜瓣。在患侧眉上形成一额肌瓣,将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定,上提睑缘至角膜上缘处,起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果:作者利用该方法对22例26侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访病人17例,19侧眼睑,其中16侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。3侧眼睑矫正不完全,经二次手术修复得以矫正。讨论:作者认为利用眶隔筋膜形成的组织瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊缝合,保持了眼睑的原有结构,具有手术损伤轻,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊的方法。     

额肌瓣悬吊术治疗儿童重度上睑下垂

目的：探讨额肌瓣悬吊术矫正1～5岁儿童重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：对我院1998年5月至2002年1O月收治的45例(60眼)先天性重度上睑下垂患儿的临床资料进行分析。按照重睑成形术原则设计重睑线，在眶上缘额肌附着处制作一宽约2．O～2．5cm的额肌瓣，固定在睑板上。结果：除2例(2眼)轻度欠矫外，其余58眼均获得了满意效果，双重睑形成自然美观，无畸形。结论：此方法操作简单，效果满意，对额肌损伤小，悬吊力量强，是矫正儿童先天性重度上睑下垂较理想的方法。     

Use of orbicularis oculi muscle flap for undercorrected blepharoptosis with previous frontalis suspension.

The frontalis muscle and its fascia are connected with the orbicularis oculi muscle at the level of the eyebrow. Therefore, the superiorly based orbicularis oculi muscle flap, when advanced and attached to the tarsal plate, can dynamically elevate the upper lid and correct blepharoptosis with previous frontalis sling. Six patients with undercorrected blepharoptosis after frontalis sling suspension were included in this study. The superiorly based orbicularis oculi muscle flap was advanced to the tarsal plate in these patients and the redundant portion of the distal flap was resected. Postoperative results were satisfactory after 1-year follow-up.     

Technique for blepharoptosis correction using double-breasted orbicularis oculi muscle flaps

BACKGROUND: The technique that uses the orbicularis oculi muscle flap to elevate the upper eyelid has become a popular surgical alternative for blepharoptosis. This method is especially effective in cases of severe blepharoptosis with poor levator muscle function. In this technique, the superiorly based orbicularis oculi muscle flap (which is connected to the frontalis muscle anatomically) is advanced and attached to the tarsal plate, thus enabling dynamic elevation of the upper eyelid. However, a temporary period of lagophthalmos occurs with the original method. Although the problem is temporary, it typically lasts 2 to 6 months and may lead to serious eye emergencies. METHODS: We describe a modification that eliminates lagophthalmos, which is the main drawback of the original technique. Two orbicularis oculi muscle flaps are created, one superiorly based and one inferiorly based. The inferiorly based flap corresponds to the strip of pretarsal orbicularis oculi that is considered "excess" and is discarded in other methods. Our aim with this modified technique is to preserve as much of the pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle as possible, and thus enable immediate tight eyelid closure postoperatively and achieve dynamic, powerful eyelid-opening action. RESULTS: We have used this technique in 7 patients (11 eyelids total) during the past 5 years and have achieved favorable results. All 11 operated eyelids showed immediate tight closure postoperatively, as well as dynamic, powerful eyelid-opening action. CONCLUSION: This operation is a good alternative for patients with severe ptosis who have insufficient levator function and for cases that have recurred after operations with other methods. Local native tissues are used and dynamic correction is achieved with a single incision. The need for intensive eye care is eliminated and there is less risk of corneal damage in the early postoperative period. Above all, this technique yields predictable eyelid-opening action.     

Correction of recurrent blepharoptosis using an orbicularis oculi muscle flap and a frontalis musculofascial flap

Thirteen patients underwent reoperation for recurrent blepharoptosis using the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap. The orbicularis oculi muscle flap and the frontalis musculofascial flap are a modification of direct transplantation of the frontalis muscle to the tarsal plate. This is based on an anatomic study showing that the frontalis muscle and its fascia are connected with the orbicularis oculi muscle at the eyebrow region. The patients' previous blepharoptosis operations were frontalis muscle suspension with autogenous or alloplastic material. Their follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10 years. The average interval between the patient's first frontalis suspension to their reoperation was 8.09 years. The selection of the muscle flaps was based on the extent of levator function of the patient. When the eyelid excursion was moderate (>4 mm), the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used. For patients with minimal or weak eyelid excursion (<3 mm), the frontalis musculofascial flap was used. Eleven patients (91.6%) gained levator excursion of more than 7 mm and reduced the height difference of both palpebral fissures by less than 2 mm after the reoperation. After an average follow-up of 20 months, 11 patients (14 eyelids) recorded satisfactory results. This is based on the criteria of Souther, and Jordan and Anderson. The overall results were more than satisfactory. Even though 2 patients reported poor results, there was no complete failure in this series. The authors' technique offers several advantages over conventional frontalis muscle suspension: it is a simple technique that has a good operative field, there is no donor morbidity and less complications, and asymmetrical supratarsal folding, eyelid notching, lagophthalmus, and abnormal eyebrow position that can occur after a frontalis muscle suspension can be avoided. In summary, the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap are considered for patients with recurrent blepharoptosis after frontalis muscle suspension.     

Use of orbicularis oculi muscle flap for undercorrected blepharoptosis with previous levator muscle resection

Based on the detailed anatomy, the orbicularis oculi muscle and the orbital septum are the continuation of the frontalis muscle and its fascia. Therefore, the shortened orbicularis oculi muscle and orbital septum would transmit the frontalis muscle action more effectively. The superior-based orbicularis oculi muscle and orbital septum flap, as a single flap, were advanced and attached to the tarsal plate for the correction of blepharoptosis. Six patients with undercorrected blepharoptosis were included in this study. Each patient had undergone more than two levator resection procedures by ophthalmologists or plastic surgeons. Conventionally, the frontalis suspension procedure was the next choice in these cases. The shortened orbicularis oculi muscle and orbital septum flap was used in these cases. Postoperative results were satisfactory after 3-year follow-up.     

额肌筋膜瓣经眶隔膜滑车下转移矫治重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨额肌筋膜瓣经眶隔膜滑车下转移矫治重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法 2004年以来我们收治了先天性重度上睑下垂52例，57只眼，常规经眼轮匝肌下分离松解制成额肌筋膜瓣，于眶上缘及眶上缘下约1cm处分别横向切开眶隔，上下切口线平行，制成眶隔膜滑车带，额肌筋膜瓣经过前者后方缝合于睑板上缘，常规缝合创口。结果 经过3—6个月随访，52只眼外形满意，3只眼复发，2只眼眼睑弧度形态不自然，经第二次修整术后均感满意，无其他并发症发生。结论 本术式的肌肉运动方向更加接近上睑提肌的自然运动方向，术后眼睑外形动态与静态更加逼真，值得临床推广。     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓦合固定矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：研究利用眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓦合固定矫正重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板前面的梯形瓣。在眉上缘切开皮肤,于眼轮匝肌表面锐性游离至近眶上缘区、横形剪开肌层1cm宽,形成隧道,将眶隔筋膜组织瓣经隧道上提眉区额肌表面、与额肌瓦合固定。结果：作者利用该术式对15例19只眼、其中5只眼为复发性病例进行治疗,临床效果满意,两眼外形对称,睑缘弧线好、重睑自然,无睑内外翻、睑球分离、闭眼不全现象。6个月随访12只眼,1只眼好转,11只眼矫正效果保持良好状态。结论：作者利用眶隔筋膜组织瓣与活动度较大的眉部额肌瓦合固定,具有固定牢固、眉部额肌无损伤、肌力长久、活动范围大、不易复发等优点,而且睑缘弧度好、重睑自然、并发症少,优于传统的额肌悬吊术。     

应用携带眼轮匝肌的斧形皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣

目的：探讨应用携带眼轮匝肌的斧形皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣的方法及效果。方法：设计位于外眦部的携带部分眼轮匝肌的斧形局部旋转皮瓣,修复切除眼睑分裂痣后形成的创面。其中病变范围最小为0.4cm×1.5cm,最大为1.5cm×3.8cm。结果：本组患者16例,术后皮瓣均完全成活。12例患者随访6～12个月,切除区域的痣无复发,皮瓣颜色与周围皮肤一致,瘢痕轻微,效果满意。结论：应用携带部分眼轮匝肌的斧形局部旋转皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣手术操作方便,血供良好,色泽协调,是修复眼睑分裂痣的良好选择。     

Bipedicle Orbicularis Oculi Flap in the Reconstruction of the Lower Eyelid Ectropion

Background Lower eyelid ectropion is conventionally reconstructed with a local flap or full-thickness skin graft. However, scar contracture and recurrence of ectropion often occur. This article describes an effective surgical technique for lower eyelid ectropion repair using a bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid. Methods This study prospectively analyzed collected data on the bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion between 1995 and 2004. The flap was used in 12 eyelid procedures for the correction of lower eyelid ectropion, in 10 cases with traumatic ectropion, and in 1 case with bilateral congenital ectropion. In these cases, a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle or a myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid with two pedicles attached in the medial and lateral canthus was advanced to the lower eyelid to suspend the eyelid and repair the skin defect. Results No problem of flap viability was encountered in any of the patients, and all healed well. Deformities were corrected, and evaluation showed satisfactory function and appearance during 0.5 to 6 years (average, 2 years) of follow-up evaluation. Eyelid malposition and bulkiness of the lower eyelid occurred in the early stages, but disappeared gradually about 3 months after the operation. There was no flap contraction, recurrent deformity, or significant donor site morbidity in the follow-up period. The incision scars were almost invisible. Conclusions The application of bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or a myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion is effective and reduces postoperative morbidity.