冠心病患者血浆神经肽Y与心率变异性的关系

目的 :探讨冠心病患者血浆神经肽 Y（NPY）含量与心率变异性 （HRV）的关系。方法 :随机选择 2 5例冠心病患者和 2 7例健康志愿者作 2 4h动态心电图并做 HRV分析 ,同时测定其空腹血浆 NPY浓度。结果 :与健康人比较 ,冠心病患者 SDNN,SDANN,HF,L F显著下降 ,L F/HF和血浆 NPY显著上升 ,NPY与 HF,L F,L F/HF呈明显相关性 （r=-0 .9,P <0 .0 1;r=-0 .6,P <0 .0 5;r=0 .9,P<0 .0 5）。结论 :冠心病患者血浆 NPY与 HRV密切相关。     

老年卧床不起患者心率变异性特点的研究

目的　了解老年卧床不起患者的心率变异性 (HRV)特点。　方法　选择≥ 6 0岁的住院患者 91例 ,根据功能独立试验检查 (FIM )分为功能独立组 (32例 )、部分依赖组 (31例 )和完全依赖组 (2 8例 ) ,检测动态心电图 ,分析正常RR间期标准差 (SDNN)、总功率谱 (TP)、均值的标准差(SDANN)、低频段 (LF)、均方根 (MSSD)、爱丁堡指数 (PNN5 0 )、高频段 (HF)及LF与HF的比率(LF/HF)等 8项HRV指标 ,比较组间差异。　结果　完全依赖组、部分依赖组SDNN、TP、SDANN、LF、MSSD、PNN5 0和HF较功能独立组降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;完全依赖组SDNN、TP和SDANN较部分依赖组降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;LF/HF在 3组之间差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;SDNN与FIM呈正相关 (r =0 .85 3 ,P <0 .0 5 )。卧床不起的病因及伴发疾病的数目对心率变异性无明显影响。　结论　老年卧床不起患者的HRV降低 ,与运动量减少有关。     

原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者心率变异性与心脏变时功能不全的特点及相关性

目的 探讨原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的心率变异性和心脏变时功能不全特点. 方法 原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者与健康人各40例,行24 h动态心电图检查,计算心脏变异性指标SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50;行平板运动试验检查,计算运动中最大心率、心脏变时指数、心率储备率,分析心脏变时指数和心率储备率与SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50的相关性. 结果 原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者SDNN、SDANN 、RMSSD、PNN50均较健康者降低（P〈0.01）.最大心率、心脏变时指数、心率储备率明显低于健康者（P〈0.01）;SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD及PNN50与心脏变时指数（r=0.522、0.472、0.337、0.321）和心率储备率（r=0.541、0.480、0.351、0.285）均存在明显正相关. 结论 原发性高血压合并2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经受损明显,表现为迷走神经功能减退和交感神经兴奋性增高.     

心率变异性与高血压病程和血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度的相关性

目的 :观察高血压病患者血浆血管紧张素 （AT ）、高血压病程对心率变异性 （HRV）的影响。方法 :采用2 4h动态心电图分析系统测量 HRV指标 ,血浆 AT 的浓度采用放射免疫法测定 ,检测结果进行多重相关分析。结果 :HF,L F,SDANN,PNN5 0 等指标随高血压病程延长均降低 ,两者呈负相关 （相关系数分别为 :r=- 0 .5 9,P<0 .0 5 ;r=- 0 .5 7,P<0 .0 5 ;r=- 0 .5 9,P<0 .0 5 ;r=- 0 .38,P>0 .0 5 ） ,除与 PNN5 0 外 ,其余有统计学意义。高血压病患者 HF,L F,SDANN,PNN5 0 随血浆 AT 的浓度升高均升高 ,两者呈正相关 （相关系数分别为 :r=0 .79,P<0 .0 1;r=0 .91,P<0 .0 1;r=0 .77,P<0 .0 1;r=0 .79,P<0 .0 1） ,均有明显的统计学意义。结论 :高血压患者HRV与血浆 AT 的关系较其与病程的关系更为密切 ,血浆 AT 浓度与 HRV各指标的变化相平行。     

老年多病因心衰的病因和心率变异性及平均心率分析

目的探讨老年多病因心衰加重的病因和心率变异性及24 h平均心率对老年多病因心衰的评定价值。方法选取2014年6月至2017年9月于北京市中西医结合医院住院并行动态心电图检查,患两种以上基础疾病(高血压、冠心病、糖尿病)的老年患者123例为病例组。根据纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级标准,病例组分为心功能正常组23例,心功能Ⅰ级组19例,心功能Ⅱ级组59例,心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组22例。同期选择30例健康老年人为对照组。对比分析不同级别心衰患者的病因、心率变异性时域指标和24 h平均心率。结果与心功能正常组、心功能Ⅰ级组、心功能Ⅱ级组比较,陈旧性心肌梗死比例在心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组最高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组SDNN、SDANN、SDNN Index、r MSSD、p NN50低于对照组(P0.05),24 h平均心率高于对照组(P0.05)。心功能正常组、心功能Ⅰ级组和心功能Ⅱ级组进行组间两两比较,SDNN、SDANN、SDNN Index、r MSSD、p NN50和24 h平均心率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组和心功能正常组、心功能Ⅰ级组和心功能Ⅱ级组比较,SDNN、SDANN、SDNN Index、r MSSD、p NN50均降低(P0.05),24 h平均心率升高(P0.05)。结论陈旧性心肌梗死是老年多病因心衰加重的主要病因,心率变异性和24 h平均心率对评价心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的老年多病因心衰有较好的价值。     

心率变异性指标与冠状动脉病变狭窄程度的相关性研究

目的探讨心率变异性(HRV)指标与冠状动脉病变狭窄(冠脉狭窄)程度的相关性。方法纳入本院2015年12月至2017年12月收治的冠脉狭窄患者96例,均经冠状动脉造影确诊。根据冠状动脉病变评分(Gensini积分)标准分为轻度狭窄组(n=31)、中度狭窄组(n=33)、重度狭窄组(n=32)。所有患者均接受24 h动态心电图检查,比较三组HRV指标,包括平均正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、每5 min R-R间期均值标准差(SDANN)、正常相邻RR间期差值均方根(r MSSD)、正常相邻R-R间期差值大于50 ms的百分比(p NN50)和低频与高频功率比值(LF/HF)。采用Pearson线性相关分析,明确HRV与冠脉狭窄程度(即Gensini积分)间的相关性。结果轻度狭窄组的SDNN、SDANN、r MSSD、p NN50高于中、重度狭窄组,且中度狭窄组各指标高于重度狭窄组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。轻度狭窄组的LF/HF、Gensini积分低于中、重度狭窄组,中度狭窄组上述指标低于重度狭窄组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson线性相关分析发现SDNN、SDANN、r MSSD、p NN50与Gensini积分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.890,-0.877,-0.843和-0.802;P0.05),LF/HF与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.872,P0.05)。结论不同冠脉狭窄程度患者的HRV指标存在差异:冠脉狭窄程度越重,SDNN、SDANN、r MSSD、p NN50越低,LF/HF越高,反之亦然。HRV各指标均与冠脉狭窄程度有较强的相关性。     

高血压病患者左室构型异常与心率变异性的关系

目的 :观察高血压病患者左室构型与心率变异性 （HRV）的关系。方法 :使用 Acuson12 8× P1 0 电脑声像仪及2 4小时动态心电图和心率变异记录与分析系统 ,分析了 5 0例高血压病患者的左室构型与 HRV。结果 :向心性重构组、向心性肥厚组、离心性肥厚组的 SDNN,r MSSD和 PNN5 0明显低于正常构型组 ,并有统计学意义 （P<0 .0 1） ;离心性肥厚组的 SDNN比向心性肥厚组明显降低 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :高血压病患者左室构型异常的程度与 HRV降低的程度相一致 ,随着靶器官受累程度加重 ,HRV降低越明显     

瑞舒伐他汀钙联合美托洛尔对老年心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀钙联合美托洛尔对老年心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响。方法老年心力衰竭患者100例,依据随机数表法随机分为他汀洛尔组和他汀常规组,每组50例,他汀常规组给予洋地黄、抗血小板、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等基础治疗和10 mg瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗,他汀洛尔组在此基础上给予美托洛尔治疗,采用动态心电图检测心率变异性[正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、R-R间期差值高于50 ms部分占比(RNN50)、5 min正常R-R间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、连续5 min R-R间期差值均方根(r MSSD)],采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、B型利钠肽(BNP)水平,统计分析所有患者治疗前后心功能、SDNN、RNN50、SDANN、r MSSD和血清CRP、IL-6、BNP水平及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果他汀洛尔组治疗有效率明显高于他汀常规组(P<0.05),但两组治疗期间均无明显不良反应发生;治疗后,他汀洛尔组患者SDNN、RNN50、SDANN、r MSSD水平明显高于他汀常规组(P<0.05);他汀洛尔组血清CRP、IL-6、BNP水平明显低于他汀常规组(P<0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀钙联合美托洛尔治疗可有效提高老年心力衰竭患者的疗效,改善患者的心功能和心率变异性及机体炎症状态且具有良好的安全性。     

嗜铬细胞瘤患者血压与儿茶酚胺分泌的昼夜变化

目的　研究嗜铬细胞瘤患者手术前后血压及尿儿茶酚胺排泄量的昼夜变化及两者之间的关系。方法　 2 7例嗜铬细胞瘤患者术前进行动态血压监测 ,其中 12例在术前及术后 10天进行动态血压监测并同日留取十段尿待测尿儿茶酚胺排泄量 ,应用Cosinor方法分析收缩压、舒张压、心率及去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺排量的昼夜变化。结果　术前不同血压类型患者的血压昼夜变化有所不同 ,持续性高血压患者的血压昼夜变化消失 ,阵发性高血压及正常血压患者血压昼夜变化存在。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺分泌的昼夜变化存在 ,肾上腺素、多巴胺的分泌高峰相有所后延。手术切除肿瘤后 ,患者的尿儿茶酚胺排泄量与血压的昼夜变化均恢复正常。 12例嗜铬细胞瘤患者术前的 2 4h平均收缩压、舒张压与 2 4h尿平均去甲肾上腺素排泄量呈明显正相关 (r =0 .83、0 .91,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　嗜铬细胞瘤患者的儿茶酚胺分泌的昼夜变化存在 ;持续性高血压患者血压的昼夜变化消失 ,阵发性高血压患者血压的昼夜变化存在。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征心率变异性的变化及其意义

目的 :研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 （OSAS）患者心率变异性 （HRV ）的变化。方法 :经夜间多导睡眠图（PSG） 7h监测及动态心电图检查 ,选取重度 OSAS患者及正常受试者各 2 0例 ,采用时域法和频域法分析 HRV。结果 :OSAS组与对照组比较时域指标 SDANN ,SDNN ,r MSSD显著增高 ,SDNN- index则显著降低 ,频域指标VL F,L F,HF,L Fnrom,HFnorm及 L F/HF均较对照组显著增高。结论 :OSAS患者交感神经及副交感神经活动均增强 ,交感神经活动增强占优势     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.