红霉素治疗新生儿胃食管反流80例

胃食管反流是新生儿呕吐的最常见原因 ,呕吐物常从鼻腔和口腔同时喷出 ,导致窒息、呼吸暂停 ,甚至猝死。因此早期诊断、及时治疗非常重要。我科采用小剂量、低浓度红霉素静脉点滴治疗新生儿胃食管反流 ,并对其进行疗效观察 ,现将结果报告如下。资料与方法一、一般资料　选择 2 8ｄ内有反复、多次连续性呕吐表现 (仅限于内科疾病 )的新生儿 80例。其中孕周≤ 3 6周、孕周 3 6周以上各 40例 ;体重≤ 2 5 0 0 ｇ 40例、2 5 0 0 ｇ以上各 40例 ;男 46例 ,女 3 4例 ;年龄 1～ 2 8ｄ ,平均 9ｄ ,病程 2～ 3ｄ。二、方法　在积极控制原发病 ,维持水…     

新生儿胃食管反流60例

目的 探讨新生儿期胃食管反流(GER)的临床特点与诊断。方法 对60例GER新生儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 新生儿期GER以溢奶或呕吐为主，占81．7％，并呼吸系统疾病占80％，18．3％无呕吐症状。48例行24h食管pH监测，其中轻度72．9％，中度27．1％。12例X线食管钡餐造影中轻度91．7％，重度8．3％。结论 新生儿GER临床表现复杂，缺乏特异性。食管24hpH连续监测配合食管胃钡餐造影是早期诊断新生儿GER的重要方法。     

新生儿胃食管反流发病机理的研究

为探讨新生儿胃食管反流（ＧＥＲ）的发病机理，对３８例经钡餐造影诊为ＧＥＲ的患儿进行食管ｐＨ值动态监测和食管动力功能检查，１５例无症状儿作对照组。结果：ＧＥＲ组各项反流指标均显著大于对照组。３８例中１８例为生理性ＧＥＲ，２０例为病理性ＧＥＲ。病理性反流组下食管括约肌压力（ＬＥＳＰ）和屏障压（ＢＰ）均显著低于对照组，而食管功能的其他指标则差异无显著意义。以总ｐＨ值＜４百分时间２．７７％和综合评分８．９２为９５％参考值上限，则ＧＥＲ组病理性反流的检出率为５５．３％（２１／３８），高于对照组的６．７％（１／１５）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＬＥＳＰ和ＢＰ的９５％参考值下限分别为８．３９ｋＰａ、８．１５ｋＰａ，对照组无一例ＬＥＳＰ低下，ＧＥＲ组ＬＥＳＰ降低占１５．７％（６／３８），二组差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：新生儿期食管功能已成熟，新生儿ＧＥＲ的发生不单是ＬＥＳＰ降低这一因素，还可能与短暂下食管括约肌松驰有关。     

红霉素治疗新生儿胃食管反流20例疗效观察

我科于2000年9月～2002年9月应用红霉素治疗新生儿胃食管反流，取得较好疗效，现报告如下。     

婴儿期胃食管反流病及其诊治

胃食管反流(gastroesophageal reflux,GER)是指胃内容物无意识地反流到食管,甚至口咽部,如十二指肠内容物反流到食管称十二指肠胃食管反流(DGER).胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是指反流引起的具有一系列食管内、外症状和(或)并发症的临床症候群,需作评估和治疗.小儿GERD严重影响儿童生长发育和生活质量,但临床上部分儿科医师对此病尚缺乏足够认识.文献[1]<中华儿科杂志>编委会和中华医学会儿科学分会消化学组于2006年共同制定的"小儿GERD诊治方案(试行)",对规范诊治我国小儿GERD有指导作用.     

小儿胃食管反流病的治疗

胃食管反流（gastroesophageal reflux,GER）是指胃内容物包括从十二指肠流入胃的胆盐和胰酶反流入食管,可分为病理性和生理性,生理性反流可发生在正常的儿童,空腹或睡眠的情况下不发生反流;病理性反流是发作频繁或持续,导致了食管炎、食管不适的症状或呼吸道疾病等。胃食管反流的治疗是一个较长的过程,包括改变生活方式、内科药物治疗和外科手术治疗。要根据对患儿生活质量（尤其与健康相关的生活质量）的影响和治疗的经济性来选择治疗方式和药物。儿童大多数病理性反流经保守治疗,能获得满意的效果。     

新生儿胃食管返流50例临床分析

本文报道50例新生儿胃食管返流，以呕吐起病47例，呕吐出现时间≤7天40例，出现咳嗽、呛咳，气急3例。体重不增营养不良21例，肺炎15例，呼吸暂停1例。提出新生儿期凡有不能解释的呕吐，呼吸暂停，反复发作的肺炎，营养不良生长迟缓均提示本病可能。食管钡餐造影是目前国内诊断本症的主要手段。本症内科治疗大多有效。     

西沙比利治疗新生儿胃食管反流32例

胃食管反流综合征（Gastro-esoPhagealreflux，GER）是指由于全身或局部原因引起下端食管括约肌（LES）功能不全，胃内容物反流至食管的一种病理状态。轻者引起不适、呕吐，重者则可引起食管炎及吸人综合征，甚至窒息死亡。国内尚未见到有关西沙比利治疗新生儿GER报道，我院199     

小儿胃食管反流症

小儿胃食管反流症（ＧＥＲＤ）是一种儿科常见的疾病，它可以导致小儿营养不良、生长发育迟 缓、食管炎、肺炎等多种并发症。目前认为ＧＥＲＤ的发生是由食管下端括约肌张力减低、食管蠕动 和廓清能力降低、解剖因素、食管黏膜屏障的损坏及胃排空功能障碍等因素有关。治疗目的在于 加强食管的抗反流防御机制，减少胃食管反流；减缓症状，预防和治疗并发症以及防止复发，一般 根据症状的轻重不同可分为非系统性治疗、系统性内科治疗和外科手术治疗。     

Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux is a physiological phenomenon, occurring with different severity and duration in different individuals. Reflux occurs when this normal event results in the occurrence of symptoms/signs or complications. The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux is complex and diverse, since it is influenced by factors that are genetic, environmental (e.g., diet smoking), anatomic, hormonal, and neurogenic. However, many mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the physiology of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters, and of gastric motility. The afferent and efferent neural pathways and neuropharmacologic mediators of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and gastric dysmotility require further study. The role of anatomic malformations such as hiatal hernia in children has been underestimated. While therapeutic possibilities are greater in number and largely improved, the outcomes of some treatments are far from satisfactory in many cases. In addition to development of new forms of treatment, research should address better use of currently available medical and surgical treatments.     

Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common problem which can manifest as vomiting, failure to thrive, recurrent pneumonias, asthma, sinusitus, or subglottic stenosis. The medical management plan should be individualized. A "happy spitter" who has no complications of GER may respond well to conservative management, including positioning and thickening of feedings. A child with complications may require treatment with H-2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors in conjunction with prokinetic agents. Children with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of GER who do not respond to antireflux management may need to be treated for eosinophilic esophagitis. Recent studies that assess the effect of medications on recognized complications of GER are reviewed.     

Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux and distal esophageal motility in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease

We investigated the mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and esophageal motility during endogenous esophageal acid exposure in 17 patients with reflux disease alone (age range 3-20 months) (group A) and in 10 patients with reflux disease complicated by esophagitis (age range 4-19 months) (group B), by simultaneous recording distal esophageal sphincter relaxation was the predominant mechanism of reflux in both groups of subjects; however, it was more frequent in group B patients (Bpts), whereas reflux episodes due to appropriate sphincter relaxation were detected more frequently in group A patients (Apts). During endogenous acid exposure, primary peristalsis was the most frequent esophageal motor event in all patients; furthermore, its amplitude was significantly higher in Apts as compared with Bpts. Primary peristalsis was more efficacious (rise of intraluminal pH by at least 0.5 unit) in patients with reflux disease alone, whereas nonspecific motor irregularities were more common in children with reflux esophagitis. It is concluded that the major mechanism of GER in patients with reflux esophagitis is an inappropriate sphincter relaxation; reflux due to appropriate sphincter relaxation is associated with less severe reflux disease; and patients with esophagitis exhibit a deranged esophageal motility during spontaneous acid exposure.     

Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux in infancy

Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux is a rare disorder, although it has been suggested as a cause of esophagitis. However, up to now, there exists no unequivocally accepted diagnostic method for alkaline reflux that can be routinely applied. "Normal ranges" of episodes of pH greater than 7.0-7.5 in asymptomatic as well as in symptomatic infants are proposed. In the asymptomatic infants (n = 83), the mean percentage of time the pH was greater than 7.0 was 1.3 +/- 2.6, and the number of episodes in 24 h with a pH greater than 7.0 was 10.4 +/- 16.4. In the symptomatic group (n = 60), including infants with chronic vomiting, the mean percentage of time the pH was greater than 7.0 was 0.15 +/- 0.5, and the number of episodes with a pH greater than 7.0 was 2.8 +/- 5.5. In all but six infants the percentage of time the pH was greater than 7.5 was less than 0.1. In three of four of these infants (endoscopy was refused by two parents) whose conditions exceeded the cut-off limits, there was a histologically proven esophagitis. To evaluate the proposed "normal" ranges for episodes of pH greater than 7.0 and 7.5, 200 symptomatic children were included in a prospective study. Symptoms were repetitive vomiting (n = 110), excessive crying (n = 53), and chronic respiratory disease (n = 37). Esophagoscopy was performed in 18 babies (9%) because pH monitoring data exceeded the proposed limits for the percentage of time the pH was greater than 7.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of maturation and gastric acidity on gastroesophageal reflux in infants

Using prolonged esophageal pH monitoring, we examined 42 infants referred for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) over a 16-month interval. Eighteen of these infants were also examined with intragastric pH monitoring following a standard formula meal. We found that prematurity and postcibal gastric acidity were significantly correlated with the amount of GER observed. Historical symptoms appeared to have little correlation with the amount of GER as measured by prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring.