新生儿先天性巨结肠直肠肛管压力监测及其临床意义

目的　探讨直肠肛管测压检查在新生儿先天性巨结肠 (HD)早期诊断中的应用价值。方法　对 4 2例经手术病理或直肠粘膜活检确诊的新生儿HD患儿的术前直肠肛管压力监测结果进行评价分析 ,并与X线钡灌肠进行比较。结果　直肠肛管测压 18例未出现直肠肛管抑制反射(RAIR) ,12例RAIR反射异常 ,确诊HD30例 ,诊断符合率 71 4 3%。X线钡灌肠确诊HD 5例 ,可疑HD14例 ,诊断符合率 4 5 2 4 %。直肠肛管测压阳性而钡灌肠阴性者 16例 ,钡灌肠阳性而直肠肛管测压阴性者 5例。检查结果的不同部分进行统计学处理 χm2 =4 76 ,P <0 0 5 ,差异有显著意义。结论直肠肛管压力监测在新生儿HD诊断中优于X线钡灌肠。该检查方法简单、安全、有效、无创伤性 ,可作为新生儿期怀疑HD患儿的首选检查 ,但必须结合其他检查手段才能作出确切诊断     

直肠肛门抑制反射诊断先天性巨结肠符合率的临床分析

目的分析3179例便秘患儿直肠肛管测压结果,探讨直肠肛门抑制反射在先天性巨结肠诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析2006年10月至2011年10月作者所行直肠肛门测压的3179例患儿检查资料,并与钡灌肠以及术中术后病理检查结果进行对比。结果HD患儿直肠肛门抑制反射诊断符合率为95．66％。在直肠肛门抑制反射阳性,而临床症状和体征符合HD的病例中,后经X线钡剂灌肠和直肠黏膜活检确定为常见型HD5例,短段型HD3例,特殊型HD1例。结论直肠肛门抑制反射可能存在假阳性,对假阳性病例建议重复检测,以降低漏诊率。     

直肠肛管测压诊断先天性巨结肠的临床研究

应用测压检查观察50例正常新生儿的直肠肛管反射,结果96%于生后6天内出现正常反射。同时。检测156例便秘病儿,104例呈病理反射,52例为正常反射。经X线钡灌肠及手法等方法表明,先天性巨结肠的测压诊断率可达95.8%,但对新生儿的诊断率不高。因此测压检查应结合临床及其他检查作出诊断。对于特发性巨结肠与超短段先天性巨结肠,测压检查不失为有效鉴別方法。     

直肠肛管测压对先天性巨结肠诊断价值的研究

目的 以直肠全层活检病理诊断（FTB）为金标准,X线钡灌肠（CE）为对照,探讨直肠肛管测压（ARM）对先天性巨结肠（HD）及巨结肠类源病（HAD）的诊断意义. 方法 收集2011年1月至2013年1月期间华西医院小儿外科收治的122例疑诊为HD患儿的病例资料.分析ARM诊断HD的敏感度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比及阴性似然比;并以6月龄为度将病例分为大于6月龄组和小于6月龄组,采用卡方检验对两组间ARM及CE的阳性率进行相关性比较,P ＜0.05为差异有统计学意义;分析ARM对HD及HAD的鉴别特点. 结果 本组选取的所有病例均行CE、ARM及FB三项术前诊断性检查.ARM的大部分诊断指标明显优于CE,但低于两项 检查联合对HD的诊断价值.在小婴儿组（小于6月龄）中：CE的诊断价值普遍低于ARM.随着年龄的增长,CE的诊断率逐渐提高,但是仍然低于ARM.两组间CE阳性率为别为48.84％和68.35％（P=0.034）,而ARM阳性率为81.40％和83.54％（P=0.764）.HAD的ARM诊断特点：RIAR波存在,但是表现为W型、U型等异常波形. 结论 ARM对HD有肯定的诊断价值,且优于CE,两者联合,更有助于提高HD的诊断价值.ARM诊断新生儿、小婴儿HD同样较准确且稳定.HAD出现“W”或“U”为主的异型RAIR波,有助于其与HD相鉴别.     

巨结肠类缘性疾病肛管测压、直肠黏膜活检和钡灌肠检查的意义

目的　根据病理学的诊断依据 ,评价先天性巨结肠类缘性疾病 (HAD)中直肠肛管测压、直肠黏膜活检AchE组化染色和钡灌肠检查的特点 ,了解其在诊断上的意义。方法　 1999～ 2 0 0 1年间 92例临床诊断为先天性巨结肠 (HD)或巨结肠类缘性疾病并施行手术的患儿 ,根据病理诊断排除HD和HAD共存病变病例 ,筛选出HD 4 0例 ,其中男 36例 ,女 4例 ,平均年龄 2 1个月 ;HAD 34例 ,其中男 2 1例 ,女 13例 ,平均年龄 6 3个月。研究二组的临床征候指标以及在经典的测压、组化以及钡灌肠三项检查上的差别。结果　二组病例相比 ,三项检查每项指标间都存在着极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) :在HAD组患儿 ,85 %都存在有直肠肛管抑制反射 ,其反射波出现特征性的“W”、“U”波形 ;直肠黏膜AchE组化染色 79%为阴性 ;钡灌肠常不能发现明显的狭窄、移行段 ,但有明显的结肠扩张和2 4h钡滞留。结论　HD和HAD是都以便秘为主要表现的两种不同的疾病。经典的三联检查在HAD的诊断和鉴别上也具有重要意义     

Duhamel改良术治疗先天性巨结肠45例

1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月我院对 4 5例先天性巨结肠患儿行Duhamel改良术 ,疗效满意 ,现报告如下。材料与方法一、一般资料　本组 4 5例 ,男 37例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 15d～ 16岁 ;<6个月 2 8例 ,占 6 2 .2 % ,其中新生儿 11例 ,占2 4 .4 % ,3例出现巨结肠危象 ;～ 3岁 8例 ,占 17.7% ;>3岁9例 ,占 10 .1%。常见型 34例 ,长段型 5例 ,短段型 6例。术前均经钡剂灌肠检查。直肠肛管测压检查直肠肛管松弛反射均阴性。 2 9例术前作直肠黏膜吸引活检术 ,13例辅以免疫组织化学染色方法予术前诊断[1] 。术后切除病变标本 ,均经病理检查诊断为巨结肠。…     

结肠次全切除术治疗巨结肠同源病23例

目的探讨小儿巨结肠同源病(HAD)的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析23例巨结肠同源病的病例资料,男8例,女15例,年龄5个月～16岁,其中5个月～3岁4例,3～16岁19例。患儿均以便秘、腹胀为主诉,术前常规行钡灌肠、直肠肛管测压检查。其中11例行直肠粘膜活检术;5例因肠梗阻行结肠造瘘术;3例为先天性巨结肠术后复发便秘。结果全部病例均行腹会阴Soave法结肠次全切除术。23例中,钡剂灌肠均未见明显狭窄段、移行段,24h延迟拍片提示钡剂滞留;部分病例有结肠扩张和结肠冗长表现;直肠肛管测压均有抑制反射,11例直肠粘膜活检AchE阴性。23例术后病理诊断与术前诊断一致。术后均有不同程度腹泻,1例出现伤口裂开,2例直肠粘膜脱垂,2例粘连性肠梗阻;无吻合口瘘、肌鞘感染等并发症。结论腹会阴Soave法结肠次全切除术是治疗HAD较为彻底的术式。     

先天性巨结肠及同源病患儿术后直肠肛管测压与分析

目的分析先天性巨结肠（HD）及同源病（HAD）术后患儿直肠肛管测压参数及其临床意义。方法对56例巨结肠术后患儿，包括32例HD和24例HAD，进行随访，并根据排便功能分为正常组、污粪组及便秘组。同时进行直肠肛管测压检查。根据不同病理分型，临床症状及随访时间比较分析测压结果。结果直肠肛管抑制反射（RAIR）重现率为55％，术后1a内RAIR重现率明显低于1a以上患儿（P〈0．05）。HD术后患儿肛管直肠蠕动频率明显大于HAD（P〈0．05）。按主观症状将患儿分为正常、污粪和便秘组，便秘组肛管／直肠静息压之比及高压带长度与前二组比较有显著差异（Pa〈0．01）。结论部分患儿术后RAIR可恢复，并与术后时间有关，HD术后肛门功能改善优于HAD。影响术后测压结果的因素是多方面的。     

直肠肛管测压在经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术中的临床意义

先天性巨结肠(Hirschsprung disease,HD)是小儿常见消化道发育畸形,术后可出现不同程度的排便障碍.随着对直肠、肛管病理生理研究的不断深入,直肠肛管测压越来越显示出在HD的重要性[1].现将我院2007年1月至2010年1月经肛门改良SoaveⅠ期根治的34例HD直肠肛门压力变化及排便情况,报告如下.     

先天性巨结肠纤维结肠镜影像特点

应用小儿内窥镜观察先天性巨结肠病变肠管影像学的特点，对其诊断、手术时机及方法的选择进行探讨。一般资料：１９９２～１９９７年，对４１例疑有先天性巨结肠的患儿行内窥镜检查，男４０例，女１例。年龄４个月～１岁７例；～２岁２３例；２岁以上１１例。其中２例镜检、直肠肛管测压及钡剂灌肠排除巨结肠。６例取结肠不同部位组织活检。确诊３９例。检出炎性息肉５例，多发性息肉１例。全部病例行Ｘ线钡剂灌肠，直肠肛管压力检测和术后病理检查证实诊断。对照组：选择无直肠肛管疾患的腹股沟斜疝患儿１１例。方法：①器械：采用ＯＬＹＭ…     

Preliminary evaluation of anorectal manometry in diagnosing Hirschsprung’s disease in neonates

Purpose  The aim of this paper was to assess the clinical value of anorectal manometry (ARMM) in the diagnosing of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) in neonates. Methods  From January 2003 to June 2005, 75 patients in whom HD was clinically suspected were analyzed. ARMM was performed using a desk, high rate gastrointestinal dynamic detection system and the results were compared with barium enema and rectal suction biopsy. Results  Based on rectal suction biopsies in 52 of 75 patients, the positive, false positive, negative, and false negative rates of ARMM in the diagnosis of HD in neonates were found to be 92.3, 1.9, 1.9, and 3.8%, respectively. Forty-three of 75 patients were diagnosed with HD by both ARMM and barium enema and the diagnoses were validated by pathologic results. The diagnosis of HD was excluded in 18 patients in whom HD was clinically suspected, but in whom the results of ARMM and barium enema were normal. Twelve patients who had ARMM results consistent with HD and a negative barium enema, had serial ARMM performed; a rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was elicited in four patients, thereby excluding HD and the remaining eight patients were diagnosed with HD by review of barium enema and pathologic results. One of two patients with a positive barium enema for HD, but an ARMM showing the presence of RAIR was excluded by pathologic results and the other patient was lost to follow-up. The diagnostic accuracies of ARMM and barium enema for HD in neonates were 93.3 and 86.7%, respectively. There was no difference in rectal resting pressure and anal rhythmic wave frequency between neonates with HD and healthy neonates, but neonates with HD had higher anal sphincter pressures than healthy neonates (P = 0.0074). Conclusions  ARMM is a simple, safe, and non-invasive method with high specificity for the diagnosis of HD in neonates.     

Anorectal manometry during the neonatal period: its specificity in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

In this study the reliability of anorectal manometry (ARMM) in Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in the neonatal period is evaluated. ARMM was performed in 59 patients (age ranging between 2 to 90 days) in whom HD was suspected. Rectal biopsy was performed in 23 newborn whose rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was not identified in the ARMM study and in 13 RAIR-positive newborn due to strong clinical signs supporting HD or persistence of symptoms during their follow-up. Other RAIR-positive patients were followed up to 4 months to 3.5 years and no problems were encountered. Among the 36 newborn with rectal biopsies, if the results were compared to ARMM studies, there were one false-positive and two false-negative results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ARMM in the diagnosis of HD are 91.6%, 95.6%, 84.6% and 91.6% respectively. We conclude that ARMM can be used as a screening test in patients in whom HD is suspected during the neonatal period, but for definitive diagnosis it must be combined with other diagnostic tests.     

临床诊断为先天性巨结肠症的肠神经元发育不良症

目的：对临床诊断为先天性巨结肠症（HD）而术后病理诊断确定为肠神经元发育不良症（IND）病例进行回顾性分析。方法：1995年1月－1999年12月140例临床诊断HD并经过根治手术患儿，其中12例（8．6％）术后病理诊断为IND，女1例，男11例，平均年龄29．28个月。结果：所有IDN患儿切除肠管病检均可发现粘膜下神经丛神经节细胞增多和巨大神经节，术前测压检查有4例，肛管直肠抑制反射（RAIR）阳性，占33．33％（4／12），直肠粘膜AchE组织化学检查有5例阴性，占41．675（5／12），而128例HD患儿则分别为15例占11．72％（15／128）和17例占13．28％（17／128），两组病例的测压和组化检查结果有明显差异，所有患儿均行手术治疗。结论：IND病例的术前检查表现为测压RAIR反射阳性率和组化检测阴性率明显高于典型HD病例；目前所沿用的测压－组化－钡灌肠诊断模式尚不能解决IND的术前诊断问题，临床及术中表现极类似地HD的病例，经典的根治术也可获得良好的治疗效果。     

先天性巨结肠Swenson改良术后排便功能与生活质量研究

目的：评估先天性巨结肠Swenson改良术后排便功能和生活质量。方法：随访常见型先天性巨结肠Swenson行改良术后患儿45例（男37例，女8例），手术年龄2．5个月－6岁，平均1．6岁。术后随访8－16年，平均10．9年，评估其排便功能和生活质量。结果：术后并发症有：污染和小肠结肠炎17例（37．8％），便秘3例（6．7％），大便失禁3例（6．7％），小便失禁4例（8．9％）；吻合口狭窄2例（4．4％）和粘连性梗阻1例（2．2％）。23例（51％）表现不同程度的排便障碍，但肛门功能优良率仍达到84．4％（李正评分）和93．4％（Rintala评分），生活质量评分显示，优者18例（40％），良者21例（46．7％），差者6例（13．3％），结论：先天性巨结肠Swenson改良术后，多数患儿远期肛门功能和生活质量优良，排便功能障碍是影响生活质量的主要因素。     

Pitfalls and limitations of testing the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in screening for Hirschsprung's disease

Problems in testing the absence or presence of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) were analyzed in 261 consecutive patients referred to confirm or exclude Hirschsprung's disease. Confident interpretation of the manometric record was possible in 89% of the cases. False results were observed in 9 patients (4%): false-negative tests (the presence of Hirschsprung's disease could not be identified) in 2 and false-positive tests (inability to induce a RAIR in patients who turned out not to have Hirschsprung's disease) in 7. In 11% the manometric result was equivocal. The value of anorectal manometry was most limited below the age of 1 month.Equivocal and false manometric results can be limited by: (1) avoiding anal stretching just before manometry; (2) avoiding restlessness during the examination; (3) leaving the catheter of the rectal distending balloon unfixed; (4) exact positioning of the pressure-recording devices in the anal canal; (5) regular checks of the position of the distending and recording devices; (6) distending the rectal ampulla until the rectal sensation level is reached; and (7) strict application of the characteristic features of a normal RAIR during analysis, i.e. a reproducible and progressive anal pressure decrease followed by recovery of the basal tone or transient inhibition of anal pressure waves induced by rectal distension. While a rectal biopsy remains the golden standard for final diagnosis, anorectal manometry is preferable for screening but should be complemented by biopsy if the first examination is equivocal, if the RAIR is absent, or when the clinical condition an/or the result of contrast enema conflict with a negative manometric test. A high degree of manometric accuracy can be reached after adequate initiation, as evidenced by the comparable performances of the five examiners in this study with different degrees of expertise. Offprint requests to: F. Penninckx     

神经节细胞减少症引起新生儿急性肠梗阻的诊治

目的 了解神经节细胞减少症引起新生儿肠梗阻的诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析在新生儿期发生肠梗阻的11例神经节细胞减少症患儿的临床表现、术前检查及诊疗经过,并对预后进行评价.结果 6例Ⅰ期巨结肠根治术患儿中,术前行钡灌肠X线检查,4例可见狭窄段及扩张段,5例24 h钡剂排空差;肛管直肠测压检查显示,5例出现直肠肛管抑制反射,但反射阈值高于正常;直肠黏膜活检乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性4例.5例造瘘患儿,3例行Ⅱ期根治术,2例行关瘘术.所有息儿均根据术后病检结果进行诊断.所有患儿术后没有出现伤口裂开、便秘复发及大便失禁情况.结论 神经节细胞减少症可以引起新生儿肠梗阻,病检是诊断本病的可靠方法.肠造瘘解除急性肠梗阻后,如果肠道功能恢复可直接关瘘;否则需行巨结肠根治术才能达到良好的治疗效果.     

Use of the recto-sigmoid index to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease

The recto-sigmoid index on barium enema may aid in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. However, data on its reliability in different age groups are sparse. The recto-sigmoid index and transitional zone were evaluated blindly in 107 patients with diagnostic rectal suction biopsies. Patients were divided into 3 groups: neonates, infants older than 1 month, and children. The recto-sigmoid index and transitional zone agreed with the histopathologic diagnosis in 79% and 87% of the cases, respectively. Their negative predictive values reached clinical significance in infants and children but not in neonates. Their positive predictive values were not significant in any age group. The recto-sigmoid index identified 4 patients with recto-sigmoid Hirschsprung's disease whose diagnosis was missed by evaluating the transitional zone alone.