冠心病发作性心肌缺血患者心率变异性与室性心律失常及其相关性

诸多研究表明心率变异性(HRV)是预测心脏严重事件发生的重要指标,并证实冠心病患者HRV较正常人显著下降,同时又有研究认为HRV下降使室性心律失常发生的机会增多。但冠心病患者发作性心肌缺血对HRV和室性心律失常的影响以及其相互关系如何,尚报道较少。本文通过对75例冠心病患者动态心电图结果的分析,旨在探讨发作性心肌缺血、HRV及室性心律失常三者的相互关系。     

吸烟者室性心律失常患者心率变异性分析

目的探讨吸烟者室性心律失常患者心率变异(HRV)的临床意义。方法 应用24h动态心电图对50例吸烟组、60例不吸烟组，进行HRV时域分析。结果与不吸烟组比较，吸烟组SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50明显降低。结论 吸烟可致室性心律失常患者交感神经活性明显增强，副交感神经活性明显降低，心率变异程度减低，从而增加其心电的不稳定性。     

围术期室性心律失常与心率变异性相关性的临床研究

目的:探讨围术期室性心律失常(VA)与心率变异性(HRV)的相关性。方法:选择150例择期手术患者,以动态心电图(DCG)监测围术期VA及HRV,于术前1d内监测至少12h,术后监测48h。高危室早(HRVEB)包括频发室早(≥10次室早/h)、成对室早、室速和Lown更高级别的VA。根据围术期是否发生HRVEB将患者分为HRVEB组(Ⅰ组)和非HRVEB组(Ⅱ组)。结果:共发生HRVEB44例(29.3%)为Ⅰ组,其中术前18例(12.0%),术后39例(26.0%),重叠13例(8.7%);未发生HRVEB者106例为Ⅱ组。术前:Ⅰ组低频功率(LF)及极低频功率(VLF)显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);术后:两组HRV均显著降低(P<0.05或0.01),其中Ⅰ组总功率、高频功率、LF、VLF在术后2d又显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论:HRVEB主要发生于术后,尤其术前已有HRVEB者术后出现HRVEB的机率更高、程度更严重,可能与围术期自主神经功能障碍有关。具体表现为:(1)Ⅰ组术前HRV下降,尤其LF、VLF异常降低;(2)术后两组HRV下降,但Ⅰ组下降更为显著。     

原发性高血压室性心律失常时心率变异性变化

高血压伴室性心律失常是心源性猝死的一个重要危险因子[1].心率变异性(HRV)分析作为反映植物神经系统对心血管活动调节的无创指标,已倍受学者们的关注[2,3].作者选取原发性高血压(EH)患者,观察室性心律失常对HRV的影响和互相关系,现报道如下.     

原发性高血压并冠心病心率变异性与室性心律失常的关系

目的：探讨原发性高血压（EH）合并冠心病（CHD）心率变异性（HRV）与室性心率失常的关系。方法：30例EH患者（EH组）、40例EH合并CHD患者（EH合并CHD组）及20例健康体检者（对照组）行24hECG监测。观察3组室性心律失常发生情况。结果：EH合并CHD组SDNN、SDANN、SDNNindex、rMSSD及PNNS0均明显低于对照组（P均〈0．01），室早总发生率、24h室早总次数和LownⅢ级以上室早发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．005，P〈0．01）。结论：高血压合并冠心病患者自主神经功能受损严重，这类患者更易出现复杂室性心律失常。     

年龄对围术期心率变异性的影响及其临床意义

目的 :探讨年龄对围术期心率变异性的影响及其临床意义。方法 :选择 15 0例择期手术患者 ,以动态心电图 (DCG)监测围术期心率变异性 (HRV)的变化。于术前 1d内监测至少 12h ,术后监测 48h。患者按年龄分为 5组 :A组 :<5 5岁 ,2 3例 ;B组 :5 5～ 64岁 ,2 2例 ;C组 :65～ 69岁 ,41例 ;D组 :70～ 74岁 ,3 6例 ;E组 :≥ 75岁 ,2 8例。结果 :术前TP、LF随年龄的增长呈明显下降趋势 ,B、C、D、E组TP、LF显著低于A组 ,E组HF、D组LF/HF低于A组 ;术后 1d各组HRV各项指标均明显降低 ,B、D、E组TP和B、C、E组HF显著低于A组 ,D、E组LF/HF低于A组 ;术后 2d ,各组HF ,D、E组TP、LF进一步降低 ,D、E组TP、LF/HF显著低于A组。结论 :围术期自主神经功能受损的程度与年龄有一定的关系 ,表现为 :( 1)年龄愈大 ,术前自主神经功能愈低下 ;( 2 )术后高龄患者迷走神经功能降低幅度相对较大 ,迷走 /交感张力失衡相对更为严重且持续时间长     

围术期室性心律失常及其相关因素

心脏危险事件(CRE)是麻醉、手术患者围术期死亡的最主要原因之一，其中室性心律失常(VA)又是发生最频繁的CRE之一。因此，如何积极预防和治疗围术期严重VA是确保患者安全度过围术期的重要措施和难题。本文就围术期VA及其相关因素的临床研究现状作一简述。     

冠心病患者心率和心率变异及室性心律失常的探讨

回顾冠心病患者40例,将其作为试验组,选取20例身体健康者作为对照组,观察两组研究对象的室性心律失常发生情况,比较两组研究对象的均值标准差(SDANN)、总体标准差(SDNN)、24h每5minR-R间期标准差的平均值(SDNN index)、相邻R-R间期差50ms的百分数(PNN50)。无论是SDNN、SDANN,还是SDNN index、PNN50,与对照组相比,试验组患者的数值较低,两组数据具有显著差异,存在统计学意义(P0.05)。与身体健康者相比,冠心病患者的自主神经功能较弱,更容易出现室性心律失常。     

右美托咪啶对老年胸科手术患者围术期心率变异性的影响

老年患者行开胸手术,创伤大、应激反应强,常伴发潜在的心血管意外等危险事件。因此,老年患者围术期最大程度地抑制应激反应对减少其心肌损害具有重要意义。目前心率变异性监测已作为全麻术中监测项目之一,可以方便、较准确、无创性地反映植物神经系统对心血管系统的调节作用,行HRV监测为临床麻醉中管理提供了很好的麻醉深度指标。本研究拟在观察右旋美托咪啶对老年开胸手术患者围术期心率变异性的影响。     

室性心律失常患者心率变异的临床意义及护理

为了探讨室性心律失常心率变异(HRV)的临床意义,对59例Lown氏分级Ⅲ级以上的室性心律失常患者和84例正常人进行了24h动态心电图记录。结果,比较两组正常R-R间期的标准差、全程记录中每5minR-R间期平均值的标准差、全程记录中每5minR-R间期标准差的平均值均有非常显著差异(P<0.001);相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根、相邻正常R-R间期差值大于50ms记数占总数R-R间期数的百分比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。说明心率变异可以作为观察室性心律失常患者病情的指标,对指导临床实施恰当的护理非常重要。     

静脉胺碘酮治疗老年充血性心力衰竭并恶性室性心律失常

目的观察静脉与口服联合应用胺碘酮治疗老年充血性心力衰竭并恶性室性心律失常的疗效及安全性。方法对42例老年充血性心力衰竭并发室性心动过速(VT)和/或心室颤动(VF)患者,首剂给予胺碘酮150~300 mg,10 m in注入,继之以0.5~1 mg/m in维持泵入。静脉维持用药24~48 h后给予口服胺碘酮600 mg/d,并逐渐减至200 mg/d维持。结果维持静脉点滴平均(4.0±1.5)d,总有效率85.7%。静脉用药期间,未见QT间期明显延长,无因胺碘酮导致或加重心功能不全。结论静脉用大剂量胺碘酮治疗老年心力衰竭并发的恶性室性心律失常是安全有效的。静脉与口服联合给药起效快,可达到早期抢救生命的目的,又可稳定血药浓度,防止心律失常的复发。     

心脏手术后早期反复恶性室性心律失常的预防和处理

目的:总结心脏手术后早期反复发生恶性室性心律失常的预防和处理经验。方法:回顾性分析我科2006年1月-2010年1月心内直视心脏手术后顽固性室速、室扑、室颤18例临床资料(0.25%)。术前病种包括:冠心病4例,瓣膜病11例,先心病2例,心包疾病1例。所有患者均在体外循环下行心内或心外畸形矫正术。术后反复发生恶性室性心律失常的时间为术后(4.07±3.73)d(0～11d),持续时间(3.43±1.34)d。所有患者都根据可能诱发恶性室性心律失常的原因积极处理并选择性应用抗室性心律失常的药物,无脉搏者选择胸外按压或电复律。结果:本组患者中14例经积极治疗恢复良好,死亡3例(16.67%),昏迷1例。存活者术后随访3个月,15例患者无再发恶性室性心律失常。结论:心脏手术后反复发生恶性室性心律失常可能与心脏局部非特异性水肿、酸碱平衡电解质紊乱、药物过量、巨大左心室、再发严重心肌缺血等多种因素有关。治疗应从可能导致心律失常的诱因出发,尽快去除诱因,选择适当的复律方法,并减少并发症。     

心脏瓣膜病围术期恶性室性心律失常应用β-受体阻滞剂的护理体会

目的回顾性评估心脏瓣膜病围术期并发恶性室性心律失常,应用β-受体阻滞剂治疗的护理体会。方法收集本科风湿性心脏瓣膜病术前1周—术后1月出现恶性室性心律失常的患者52例,均用床边心电监测,一旦发现恶性室性心律失常,予β-受体阻滞剂静脉注射,严密监测血流动力学及电解质变化,重视用药护理。结果恶性室性心律失常得到有效控制,52例患者均治愈。结论发生室性心律失常的患者使用β受体阻滞剂治疗,配合良好的护理和监测可使药物疗效更加满意。     

扩张型心肌病患儿室性早搏与心率变异性相关性研究

目的探讨扩张型心肌病（DCM）患儿室性早搏与心率变异性的关系。方法采用TLC3000A十二导动态心电仪,对30例正常儿童和65例DCM患儿进行动态心电分析。DCM组分为室早组和非室早组,室性早搏组按室早发生频率不同分为A组（偶发）、B组（频发）、C组（联律.多形.成对.室速）,对各组进行心率变异（HRV）分析。结果DCM患儿室早各组和非室早组HRV与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）;非室早组和室早A组HRV值差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;室早B组及C组与非室早组比较HRV明显下降,差异有显著性,且室早各组HRV依次下降,各指标组间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论DCM患儿HRV值与室性早搏的严重程度有一定相关性,HRV值对DCM患儿并发室性心律失常的诊断有一定价值,也可作为预测DCM预后的一项指标。     

Heart rate turbulence and heart rate variability in patients with atrial synchronous ventricular pacing

Background: Heart rate turbulence (HRT) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been shown to be independent and powerful predictors of mortality in a specific group of cardiac patients. Pacing has unfavorable effects on autonomic function. Our aim is to investigate autonomic responses to atrial synchronous ventricular pacing (VDD) by evaluating HRT and HRV parameters.
Methods and Results: The study groups comprised 12 control and 12 patients without organic heart disease and with normal sinus function who were implanted with a permanent VDD pacing system for high-degree atrioventricular block. The HRV and HRT analysis were assessed from a 24-hour Holter recording. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for HRV parameters. When HRT parameters were compared, turbulence onset was significantly higher in the cardiac paced group than the controls group (2.729 ± 8.818 vs –1.565 ± 8.301, P = 0.006), but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for turbulence slope (11.166 ± 10.034 vs 31.675 ± 28.107, P = 0.68). The number of patients who had abnormal HRT onset was significantly higher in the paced group than controls (9 vs 2, P = 0.004).
Conclusion: Atrial synchronous pacing has unfavorable effects on autonomic function. Altered ventricular depolarization sequence may lead to changes in autonomic response. Although we found no difference in HRV parameters between the control and VDD patient groups, the HRT onset and number of patients with abnormal HRT onset was significantly higher in VDD patients. HRT onset can be a better way of noninvasive autonomic response predictor in VDD patients.     

抑郁对老年高血压患者心率变异性及生活质量的影响

目的观察和分析抑郁对老年高血压患者心率变异性(HRV)及生活质量的影响。方法选取100例老年高血压患者,根据患者是否合并抑郁状态将其分为高血压合并抑郁组(28例)和单纯高血压组(72例),对2组患者的HRV参数和生活质量评分进行观察和比较。结果高血压合并抑郁组患者的SDNN、SDANN、TP、VLF、LF等HRV参数均显著低于单纯高血压组(P0.05),高血压合并抑郁组患者的各维度生活质量评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论老年高血压合并抑郁患者表现为HRV和生活质量的显著降低。     

Heart rate variability in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy correlation with clinical and prognostic features

The identification of subjects with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) at higher risk for sudden death is an unresolved issue. An influence of the autonomic activity on the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias was postulated. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides a useful method to measure autonomic activity, and is a predictor of increased risk of death after myocardial infarction. For these reasons, the aim of the study was to evaluate HRV and its correlations with ventricular arrhythmias, heart function, and prognostic outcome in patients with ARVC. The study included 46 patients with ARVC who were not taking antiarrhythmic medications. The diagnosis was made by ECG, echocardiography, angiography, and endomyocardial biopsy. Exercise stress test and Holter monitoring were obtained in all patients. Time-domain analysis of HRV was expressed as the standard deviation of all normal to normal NN intervals (SDNN) detected during 24-hour Holter monitoring. Thirty healthy subjects represented a control group for HRV analysis. The mean follow-up was 10.8 +/- 1.86 years. SDNN was reduced in patients with ARVC in comparison with the control group (151 +/- 36 vs 176 +/- 34, P = 0.00042). Moreover, there was a significant correlation of this index with the age of the patients (r = - 0.59, P < 0.001), with the left (r = 0.44, P = 0.002) and right (r = 0.47, P = 0.001) ventricle ejection fraction, with the right ventricular end diastolic volume (r = - 0.62, P < 0.001), and with the ventricular arrhythmias, detected during the same Holter record used for HRV analysis (patients with isolated ventricular ectopic beats < 1,000/24 hours, 184 +/- 34; patients with isolated ventricular ectopic beats > 1,000/24 hours and/or couplets, 156 +/- 25; patients with repetitive ventricular ectopic beats (> or = 3) and/or ventricular tachycardia, 129 +/- 25; P < 0.001). During follow-up two patients showed a transient but significant reduction of SDNN and a concomitant increase of the arrhythmic events. In eight patients an episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred, but the mean SDNN of this subgroup did not differ from the mean value of the remaining patients (152 +/- 15 vs 150 +/- 39; P = NS). Only one subject died after heart transplantation during follow-up (case censored). Time-domain analysis of HRV seems to be a useful method to assess the autonomic influences in ARVC. A reduction of vagal influences correlates with the extent of the disease. The significant correlation between SDNN and ventricular arrhythmias confirmed the influences of autonomic activity in the modulation of the electrical instability in ARVC patients. However, SDNN was not predictive of spontaneous episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia.     

24h动态心电图心电Lorenz散点图对心律失常的诊断和心率变异性的分析价值

目的 探讨24 h动态心电图心电Lorenz散点图对心律失常的诊断和心率变异性(HRV)的分析价值.方法 选取2018年10月至2020年2月收治的200例心律失常患者作为观察组,以及200例健康体检者作为对照组.两组受检者均进行24 h动态心电图,并分析心电Lorenz散点图情况,比较两组HRV测值及Lorenz散点...     

Effects of amlodipine and fosinopril on heart rate variability and left ventricular mass in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension

The differences between long-acting dihydropyridines and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with regard to their long-term effects on 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) and left ventricular (LV) mass are less clear in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. We studied the long-term effects of amlodipine and fosinopril on 24-h HRV and LV mass in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. In this study, 27 patients with never treated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension were randomised to receive either amlodipine or fosinopril once daily as monotherapy. At baseline and at the end of the third and sixth months, each of the patients underwent 24-h HRV and ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure analysis. LV mass index was calculated from echocardiographic examination at baseline and at the end of the sixth month. In amlodipine group (n = 14), 24-h SBP/DBP (mmHg) decreased from 144 +/- 8/94 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 6/83 +/- 3 at the end of the third month and to 125 +/- 5/81 +/- 2 at the end of the sixth month (p < 0.0001). In fosinopril group (n = 13), the respective changes were 143 +/- 9/97 +/- 7, 132 +/- 6/87 +/- 5 and 127 +/- 6/82 +/- 3 (p < 0.0001). At the end of the sixth month, LV mass index (g/m(2)) decreased from 122 +/- 26 to 105 +/- 21 in amlodipine group (p < 0.0001) and from 118 +/- 23 to 101 +/- 14 in fosinopril group (p < 0.0001). There were no significant changes in HRV parameters in both the groups. It was concluded that both drugs caused significant decrease in SBP and DBP, and LV mass in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension did not have significant long-term effects of either amlodipine or fosinopril on 24-h HRV parameters reflecting sympathetic or parasympathetic activity in these patients.