骶骨骨纤维结构不良一例报告

患者男,18岁,因"劳累后腰痛4年,加重伴左下肢放射痛1个月"入院.4年前,患者劳累后出现腰痛,休息l周后症状缓解,此后上述症状反复发作,休息后均自行缓解.1个月前患者再次出现劳累后腰痛并伴左臀及左下肢后方放射痛,不伴左下肢感觉异常.行腰骶部按摩后症状缓解不明显,腰椎CT示左骶部肿物,为进一步诊治于我院就诊.患者既往无外伤史.     

全腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄1例报告

1　病例介绍患者 ,女 ,70岁。因腰痛伴右下肢放射痛 2年 ,加重 2个月 ,于 2 0 0 1年 3月19日入院。 2年前无明显诱因出现腰部疼痛 ,劳累后症状加重。 3个月后出现右侧臀部及右下肢放射痛 ,伴有大腿及小腿外侧感觉麻木。 2个月前上述症状明显加重 ,并右下肢无力不能站 ,在他人挽     

针灸后致腰段蛛网膜下腔迟发性血肿一例

<正>患者,女,49岁,163cm,52kg,因"反复腰痛2年,加重伴双大腿放射痛5d"入院,既往无特殊病史。患者于入院前2年无明显诱因腰痛,呈间歇性钝痛,无双下肢放射痛,无关节游走性疼痛,休息后能缓解。患者曾1个月前在当地医院行腰部针灸、理疗治疗,自述症状好转。入院前5d上述症状突发加重,伴双大腿放射痛,在当地诊所肌注镇痛药对症治疗(具体不详),双大腿疼痛好转,但仍反复感腰痛,呈持续性钝痛,无法长时间站立及行走,于我院门诊行腰椎MRI平扫并     

腰椎神经鞘膜瘤1例报告

患者女性 ,40岁。因腰痛伴左下肢放射痛 2年加重半月于 1996年 9月 2 4日入院。患者 2年前开始出现腰部隐痛 ,向左下肢放射 ,行走时加重 ,休息后或骑自行车时明显减轻 ,同时伴左踝发麻。半月前因抬重物后腰痛及左下肢放射痛加重。查体 :Ｌ5 /Ｓ1棘突间压痛 ,左踝部痛觉减退 ,左下肢直腿抬高试验 6 0°( ) ,加强试验 ( ) ,余 (- )。ＥＳＲ10ｍｍ/ｈ ,尿本周氏蛋白及癌胚抗原阴性。Ｂ超 :双侧腰大肌无异常发现。胸片 :无异常发现。腰椎Ｘ光片 :Ｌ5椎体左侧部分破坏。ＣＴ示 :Ｌ5椎体左下缘及左侧椎弓根破坏 ,有不规则硬化边缘 ,无死骨 ,左侧椎…     

格林巴利综合征误诊为腰椎管狭窄症一例

笔者于2009年11月收治1例格林巴利综合征误诊为腰椎管狭窄症.现报告如下.1病例报告患者女,62岁.因腰部及双下肢反复疼痛、麻木、活动受限2个月入院.2个月前因无明显诱因突然感觉腰痛,左下肢痛,呈阵发性刺痛、放射痛,活动时加重,休息后稍减轻.不伴发热、头疼、意识障碍及大小便潴留、失禁等症状.在当地县医院就诊,症状未缓解.半个月前出现右下肢疼痛,药物治疗无效,患者腿疼进行性加重转至本院.体检:生命体征正常,发育、营养中等.     

腰_5神经根肥大误诊为腰椎间盘突出症1例报告

腰_５神经根肥大误诊为腰椎间盘突出症１例报告王聪，高文山患者男，３６岁，农民，因间断性腰腿痛７年，加重伴左下肢持续性放射痛２个月，于１９９５年３月６日入院。７年前无明显诱因出现腰痛伴左下肢放射痛，痛自腰部沿臀、大腿后外传至小腿外侧，活动劳累后加重，卧?..     

伴脓肿形成的布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎1例

正患者,男,49岁,因腰痛6个月、加重伴双下肢放射痛2个月入院。患者于入院前6个月因重体力劳动后出现腰痛,无双下肢放射性疼痛及麻木,无低热、盗汗,于当地医院给予止痛药物对症治疗,腰痛无缓解。2个月前腰痛加重,伴双下肢放射性疼痛及活动受限,无发热、盗汗。患者曾院外诊断为脊柱结核,给予四联抗结核药物治疗。否认结核病史,长期从事畜牧业工作。查体:体温     

椎管内神经鞘瘤伴巨大囊肿1例

患者,男,56岁,因腰痛伴双下肢痛16年,进行性加重伴双下肢及会阴区麻木1个月,于2003年5月6日入院.患者自1987年夏季开始感觉腰部疼痛并向双下肢放射,以右下肢为重,于外院诊为“腰椎间盘突出症“并断续保守治疗10余年,病情无明显好转,亦无明显加重,于1个月前感觉腰痛加重,双下肢麻木区域扩大,且力量减弱,病情逐渐进展,肛周感觉迟钝,出现大便失禁症状.体检:全身皮肤无色素斑,皮下未扪及肿块.脊柱L2～5棘突两侧均压痛,且向脊柱上方及双下肢放射,肛周皮肤感觉减退,双上肢无异常,双下肢自双膝以下痛温触觉减退,左下肢股四头肌、伸肌及胫后肌肌力Ⅳ级,右下肢上述诸肌肌力Ⅲ级.双侧直腿抬高试验阳性,股神经牵拉试验阳性.……     

L_4神经根结核瘤1例临床报告

正发生于神经系统的结核瘤报道较多,但发病于腰椎神经根上者未见报道。腰椎神经根结核瘤的临床症状、影像学表现与腰椎间盘突出症、神经鞘膜瘤或神经纤维瘤有很多相似之处,极易误诊。成都医学院第一附属医院收治1例L4左侧神经根结核瘤,报告如下。1资料与方法患者,女,50岁,农民。因"腰背痛伴左下肢放射痛5个月,加重2个月"于2015年3月24日入院。入院5个月前,无明显诱因出现腰部疼痛伴左小腿放射痛,偶有麻木感,院外予以口服抗生素及消炎镇痛药治疗,症状可缓解。2个月     

多节段脊柱结核的诊断与治疗

<正>病例简介患者女性,47岁,汉族。因"腰痛伴右下肢麻痛6个月,加重15d"入院。患者6个月前无明显诱因出现腰痛,伴右下肢麻痛,活动时加重,休息则缓解。曾在外院就诊,经检查后诊断为"腰肌劳损",行理疗及对症治疗后疼痛稍缓     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.