湖北省鼠类蠕虫的调查研究

本文报道1987～1991年,于湖北省进行了鼠类蠕虫的调查研究,检查了3868只鼠的器官、组织,查明本地野鼠有24种蠕虫,包括11种吸虫,9种线虫,4种绦虫。蠕虫的感染率高达91.11％。其中感染1种蠕虫者占总鼠数的41.4％,感染2、3、4和5种虫者分别为23.6％、18.2％、7.1％和0.81％。结果显示,鼠类蠕虫的感染率是相当高的。     

TRENDS IN CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION IN AUSTRALIA

Historical trends are presented showing an increase in total cigarette consumption but a fall in the number of adult male smokers. The prevalence of smoking among children appears to have increased. The role of tobacco advertising and reduced cigarette prices are discussed. The need to prevent children from taking up smoking is emphasised, and recent data show that the earlier a child begins to smoke, the higher will be the subsequent daily cigarette consumption.     

河南省老年人感染寄生虫情况的调查

本文对河南省老年人感染寄生虫的调查资料进行了分析，在３９个县（市）１６４个点的５４２１人中，共查见人体寄生虫２２种，总感染率为５６．２％，以蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫、蛲虫、溶组织内阿米巴、贾第虫感染较为普遍，且感染率亦较高，就这６种寄生虫的感染情况进行了分析，并对河南老年人今后的寄生虫病防治工作提出了建议。     

群发性皮肤奴卡菌病

目的 报告国内首见群体发生性皮肤奴卡菌病23例。方法 回顾性分析23例皮肤奴卡菌病患者的临床与流行病学资料。结果 全部患者同住一个自然村，发病均与臀部肌肉注射有关，每例患者均于肌肉注射治疗后2-10个月内出现臀部（肌肉注射部位）结节、脓肿，部分皮损破溃成溃疡及窦道，病原学检查证实为星形奴卡菌。结论 皮肤奴卡菌病的皮损表现没有特异性，其发病可以表现为群发的形式。     

1997年全国艾滋病哨点监测报告

１９９７年，全国ＨＩＶ监测哨点共调整为６０个，分布在２７个省（自治区、直辖市）。性病门诊哨点和长卡哨点中只检出极少数ＨＩＶ感染者。１９９７年，在３个暗娼哨点中的检出率约为１％～２％，而１９９６年同期仅为不到０．５％；在１２个吸毒哨点中有７个哨点（包括２个新增哨点）报告了ＨＩＶ感染者，而在１９９６年同期８个哨点中有３个哨点报告了感染者。新疆自治区报告了８３例（２０．８％）感染者，而在前几年同期同一哨点只有３２例（８．０％）。在大部分吸毒监测哨点中的静注比例正不断增加或保持一个较高水平。暗娼人群中有６０％从不使用避孕套。该监测结果表明，局部地区吸毒者中ＨＩＶ感染率在不断上升，ＨＩＶ波及的地区在不断地增多，ＨＩＶ感染已开始向性乱人群扩散；可引起ＨＩＶ流行的危险因素在不断增加，目前我国迫切需要开展有效的各种干预措施     

大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的免疫应答

[目的 ]探讨应用糖皮质激素 (GC)诱发大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎 (Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia ,PCP)的免疫应答。 [方法 ]SD大鼠皮下注射GC建立免疫抑制PCP模型 ,测定外周血淋巴细胞比例、CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比例 ,肺泡灌洗液 (bronchoalveolarlavagefluid ,BALF)中淋巴细胞比例、sIL 2R和TNF α值。 [结果 ]①免疫抑制后外周血淋巴细胞比例、CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比例降低 ,BALF中淋巴细胞比例、TNF α、sIL 2R均降低 ;②BALF中TNF α、外周血CD4+ T细胞 /CD8+ T细胞比值在PCP组中最低 ;③PCP组的BALF中淋巴细胞比例比PC阴性对照组明显升高。 [结论 ]使用GC造成大鼠免疫抑制 ,诱发PC感染后 ,CD4+ 减少及TNF α分泌降低。     

PRESENCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUSES IN EQUINES IN BRAZIL

Equines are susceptible to respiratory viruses such as influenza and parainfluenza. Respiratory diseases have adversely impacted economies all over the world. This study was intended to determine the presence of influenza and parainfluenza viruses in unvaccinated horses from some regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Blood serum collected from 72 equines of different towns in this state was tested by hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies for both viruses using the corresponding antigens. About 98.6% (71) and 97.2% (70) of the equines responded with antibody protective titers (≥ 80 HIU/25µL) H₇N₇ and H₃N₈ subtypes of influenza A viruses, respectively. All horses (72) also responded with protective titers (≥ 80) HIU/25µL against the parainfluenza virus. The difference between mean antibody titers to H₇N₇ and H₃N₈ subtypes of influenza A viruses was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean titers for influenza and parainfluenza viruses, on the other hand, showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). These results indicate a better antibody response from equines to parainfluenza 3 virus than to the equine influenza viruses. No statistically significant differences in the responses against H₇N₇ and H₃N₈ subtypes of influenza A and parainfluenza 3 viruses were observed according to the gender (female, male) or the age (≤ 2 to 20 years-old) groups. This study provides evidence of the concomitant presence of two subtypes of the equine influenza A (H₇N₇ and H₃N₈) viruses and the parainfluenza 3 virus in equines in Brazil. Thus, it is advisable to vaccinate equines against these respiratory viruses.