老年人急性胆囊炎的临床护理

探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的治疗及护理规律,还要注意个性化的特殊性,临床表现的复杂性,如处理不当,将造成严重后果.所以,对待老年人急性胆囊炎的患者,需制定正确的治疗方案和科学的护理,减少并发症,早日康复.     

老年人急性胆囊炎手术治疗66例临床分析

目的：探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的临床特点和手术问题。方法：对我院1996年-1999年经手术治疗的66例老年人急性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果：66例中治愈62例,好转3例,死亡1例。术后切口感染,电解质紊乱。肺部感染等并发症高达9.1%-10.6%。结论：老年人对急诊胆囊手术一般都能耐受,早期手术及防治术后并发症可降低死亡率。     

手术治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎48例临床分析

目的：研究急性化脓性胆囊炎采用腹腔镜腹腔镜胆囊切除手术治疗的临床意义。方法：选取48例在我院于2012年3月至2014年3月期间接受手术治疗的急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,患者均采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,观察手术结果。结果：48例急性化脓性胆囊炎患者的手术成功率为91.7％（4／48）,有2例患者中转开腹,2例行胆囊大部分切除,48例患者术后 1 至2d 将引流管拔除,术后未发生胆漏、胆管损伤、出血等严重并发症,48例患者的平均住院时间为5至15d,平均为（9.6±3.2）d。术后随访,无发热、腹痛、胆漏等并发症。结论：急性化脓性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除手术,恢复快,且手术时间较短,并发症少,值得推广。     

老年人急性胆囊炎的特点及外科治疗

目的：探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的特点及外科治疗。方法：对我院1998／2003经手术治疗的124例老年人急性胆囊炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：124例患者中，术前发现并存病71例，入院后24h内手术67例，57例经保守治疗无效或全身情况改善后行急诊手术，术后出现并发症33例。治愈118例，好转4例，死亡2例。结论：老年人急性胆囊炎的临床表现比实际病理改变轻，病变进展快，术前并存病和术后并发症多；把握手术时机和重视围手术期处理是提高治愈率的关键。     

46例老年人急性胆囊炎、胆囊结石的诊治

近年来,老年人的急性胆囊炎、胆囊结石发病率有所上升,因老年人在病理生理方面有其特殊性,故该病临床表现和治疗上存在着特异性,现将46例病例的诊疗体会介绍如下。1临床资料男26例,女20例,急性胆囊炎合并结石30例,其中手术28例,急性胆囊炎16例,手术8例。合并高血压、冠心病、肺     

高龄急性胆囊炎手术治疗56例临床分析

目的探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的临床特点和手术方法。方法对我院2003～2005年经手术治疗的56例老年人急性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果56例中治愈51例，好转4例，死亡1例。结论老年人对急性胆囊炎手术一般都能耐受，早期手术及防治术后并发症可降低病死率。     

高龄患者急性胆囊炎手术治疗66例临床分析

目的　探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的临床特点和手术问题。方法　对我院 1996～ 2 0 0 2年经手术治疗的 6 6例高龄患者急性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果　 6 6例中治愈 6 2例 ,好转 3例 ,死亡 1例。术后切口感染、电解质紊乱、肺感染并发症高达 9.1%～ 10 .6 %。结论　高龄患者对急性胆囊炎手术一般都能耐受 ,早期手术及防治术后并发症可降低死亡率。     

高龄人急性胆囊炎手术治疗66例临床分析

目的　探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的临床特点和手术问题。方法　对我院 1996～ 1999年经手术治疗的 6 6例高龄急性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行了回顾性分析。结果　 6 6例中治愈 6 2例 ,好转 3例 ,死亡 1例。术后切口感染、电解质紊乱、肺感染并发症高达 9 1%～ 10 6 %。结论　高龄人对急性胆囊炎手术一般都能耐受 ,早期手术及防治术后并发症可降低死亡率     

高龄急性胆囊炎手术28例体会

目的 探讨高龄老年人急性胆囊炎的临床特点.方法 对我科2002年1月～2011年1月经手术治疗的28例高龄老年人急性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析.结果 28例中治愈24例,好转2例,死亡2例.术后切口感染、电解质紊乱、肺部感染等并发症高达9.5%～10.4%.结论 老年人对急诊胆囊手术一般都能耐受,早期手术及防治术后并发症可降低死亡率.     

老年人急性胆囊炎手术治疗44例临床分析

目的：探讨老年人急性胆囊炎的临床特点和手术问题。方法：对我院1993年至2001年经手术治疗的47例老年人急性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果：47例中治愈44例，好转3例，手术后切口感染，电解质紊乱，肺部感染等并发症高达6．4％－8．5％，结论：老年人对急诊胆囊手术一般都能耐受，早期手术及防治术后并发症可降低死亡率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.