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1.
Objective
To evaluate the Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), Ehrlichia canis (E. canis), Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis) (canine heartworm), Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) infections in countryside dogs from Yunnan, Hainan and Anhui provinces.Methods
Serum samples were collected from 26 dogs in Yunnan, Hainan and Anhui provinces. The samples were tested using a commercial ELISA rapid diagnostic assay kit (SNAP® 4Dx®; IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. U.S.A.). Meanwhile, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) recommended by WHO was conducted to detect IgG to A. phagocytophilum. Two methods were analyzed and compared.Results
The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG to A. phagocytophilum was only 2 which was from Hainan province and none of the 26 dogs responded positive for E. canis, D. immitis (canine heartworm), and B. burgdorferi by ELISA rapid diagnostic method. The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG to A. phagocytophilum was 13 (50%) by IFA method. Data of the two methods were analyzed by statistical software and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.002).Conclusions
It can be concluded that IFA method was more sensitive than ELISA rapid diagnostic method. However, we need conduct further and intensive epidemiology survey on tick-born diseases pathogens including A. phagocytophilum, E. canis, D. immitis (canine heartworm), and B. burgdorferi which have public health significance. 相似文献2.
Samreen Zulfiqar Sadia Shahnawaz Muhammad Ali Arif Mahmood Bhutta Shahid Iqbal Sikandar Hayat Shazia Qadir Muhammad Latif Nazia Kiran Ali Saeed Muhammad Ali Furhan Iqbal 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(2):104-108
Objective
To determine the presence of Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods
Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants, including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes, from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan, Layyah, Muzaffar Garh, Bhakar, Bahawalnagar and Vehari. Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires. Different blood (hemoglobin, glucose) and serum (ALT, AST, LDH, cholesterol) parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B. bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.Results
27 out of 144 animals, from 5 out of 6 sampling districts, produced the 541-bp fragment specific for B. bovis. Age of animals (P=0.02), presence of ticks on animals (P=0.04) and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds (P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area. ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.Conclusions
: This study has reported for the first time the presence of B. bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output. 相似文献3.
S Balakumar S Rajan T Thirunalasundari S Jeeva 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(4):309-312
Objective
To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of Aegle marmelos leaf extracts and fractions on the clinical isolates of dermatophytic fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum.Methods
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of various extracts and fractions of the leaves of Aegle marmelos were measured using method of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Results
Aegle marmelos leaf extracts and fractions were found to have fungicidal activity against various clinical isolates of dermatophytic fungi. The MIC and MFC was found to be high in water and ethyl alcohol extracts and methanol fractions (200µg/mL) against dermatophytic fungi studied.Conclusions
Aegle marmelos leaf extracts significantly inhibites the growth of all dermatophytic fungi studied. If this activity is confirmed by in vivo studies and if the compound is isolated and identified, it could be a remedy for dermatophytosis. 相似文献4.
Molecular detection of vector-borne bacteria and protozoa in healthy hunting dogs from Central Italy
Objective:To determine the pi'evalence of vector-bome bacteria and protozoa in hunting dogs living in Central Italy.Methods:Molecular testing was executed on DNA which was extracted from blood specimens collected from 117 asymptomatic dogs to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Babesia canis(B.canis),Bartonella spp..Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii).Ehrlichia canis.Hepatozoon canis.and Leislnnania infantum.Results:A total of 48 dogs(41.0%) were infested by Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks.Tick-borne infections were observed in 64(54.7%) animals.More in detail.38 dogs(32.5%) screened positive for Hepatozoon canis,24(20.5%) for Bartonella rinsonii subsp.berkhoffii.20(17.1%) for Leishmania infantum,6(5.1%) for C.burnetii,5(4.3%) for B.canis(3 B.canis vogeli and 2 B.canis canis),3(2.5%) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum,and 2(1.7%) for Ehrlichia canis.Mixed infection by 2 agents occurred in 17(14.5%) subjects,by 3 agents in 7(6.0%) dogs,and by 4 agents in 1(0.9%) animal.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that several vector-borne pathogens were circulating in this region and dogs infected by these agents were usually asymptomatic.A relevant finding was the presence of DNA of C.burnetii,a severe zoonotic agent,in the 5.1% of tested dogs,which can be source of infection for their owners not only through tick bites,but also directly with urine,feces and birth products. 相似文献
5.
Bahman Rahimi-Esboei Mahdi Fakhar Aroona Chabra Mahboobeh Hosseini 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2013,3(10):811-815
Objective
To determined the antiparasitic activity of the isolated chitosan from Penicillium viridicatum, Penicillium aurantiogriseum and commercial chitosan against protoscolicidal of hydatid cysts were determined.Methods
After isolating chitosan from fungal cell walls, four concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 µg/mL) of each type of prepared chitosan and commercial chitosan were used for 10, 30, 60, and 180 min, respectively.Results
Among different type of chitosan, commercial chitosan with the highest degree of deacetylation showed high scolicidal activity in vitro. Fungal chitosan could be recommended, as good as commercial chitosan, for hydatic cysts control.Conclusions
It seems to be a good alternative to synthetic and chemical scolicidal. 相似文献6.
Youssefi Mohammad Reza Rahimi Mohammad Taghi 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(6):491-492
Objective
To survey malaria prevalence in Sarbaz from April 2009 to October 2010.Methods
Epidemiological data of 1 464 confirmed malarial patients were analyzed according to demographic status, sex, age, nationality, isolated species and residence place.Results
The majority of patients were male 950 (64.8%) but 514 (35.2%) were female. 82.5% of patients were Iranian, 14% Pakistani immigrants, and 3.5% Afghan immigrants. Data collected showed that 90% of isolated species were Plasmodium vivax, 7.8% Plasmodium falciparum, and 2.2% Plasmodium malariae and mixed species.Conclusions
Therefore, it is crystal clear that refugees should be prohibited by government and controlled by experts in health centers in order to campaign effectively with this life threating disease. 相似文献7.
Z Gholami I Mobedi HR Esmaeili EB Kia 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(3):189-192
Objective
To investigate the possibility of Aphanius dispar (A.dispar) acting as intermediate host for Clinostomum complanatum (C. complanatum), from Mehran River, Hormuzgan Province of Iran.Methods
During a biological study of A. dispar in Mehran River, Hormuzgan Province, South of Iran, a total of 97 fish specimens were collected in 24 January 2006.Results
4 specimens (4.12%) including 1 male and 3 female were found infected with C. complanatum metacercaria. These metacercaria were coiled in the epiderm on the body surface of infected fishes. The infection is known as yellow spot disease. The parasite abundance, intensity and prevalence were 0.05%, 1.25% and 4.12%, respectively. The infection was higher in females than males.Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on occurrence of C. complanatum metacercaria in A. dispar in Iran. 相似文献8.
Saeid R. Nourollahi Fard Nima Ghalekhani Reza Kheirandish Saeid Fathi Ehsan Norouzi Asl 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(11):885-888
Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of nymphal stages of L. serrata in mesenteric lymph nodes of camels slaughtered in Mashhad slaughterhouse, Northeast of Iran.Methods
For this purpose, mesenteric lymph nodes of 400 camels of different sex and age were examined. The lymph nodes were examined macroscopically and a digestion method was also applied for investigation of samples which was negative macroscopically.Results
The mesenteric lymph nodes of 73 camels out of 400 (18.25%) were infected by L. serrata nymphs.Conclusions
Prevalence of L. serrata nymphs in males and females and different age was not significantly different (P>0.05), but difference was observed between the prevalence in different seasons (P< 0.05). The potential importance of these findings to human health is discussed. This is the first report of infection with L. serrate of camels in camels slaughtered at northeast of Iran. 相似文献9.
Renata Hezova Julie Bienertova-Vasku Milana Sachlova Veronika Brezkova Anna Vasku Marek Svoboda Lenka Radová Igor Kiss Rostislav Vyzula Ondrej Slaby 《European journal of medical research》2012,17(1):17
Background
Central Europe presents with the highest incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. As sporadic CRC represents a typical multifactorial disease, it is characterized by intense interaction of the genetic background with the environment. Glutathione S-transferases could act as attractive susceptibility genes for CRC, as they are directly involved in conjugation between glutathione and chemotherapeutics, environmental pollutants and a wide spectrum of xenobiotics.Methods
In this study, we investigated associations of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, that is GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1, with CRC in a total of 197 cases and 218 controls originating from the Czech Central European population. Polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods, allele-specific multiplex and allelic discrimination by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results
None of investigated polymorphisms showed any associations with CRC, with the exception of GSTP1; where the heterozygote genotype Ile105Val was associated with decreased risk of CRC (P = 0.043).Conclusions
The frequencies observed in our study are in accordance with those from other European Caucasian populations. Based on our studies, examined variability in GST genes is not a major determinant of CRC susceptibility in the Central European population. 相似文献10.
Badakhshan Mahdi Pour Sreenivasan Sasidharan 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(3):230-232
Objective
To investigate the toxicity of methanol extract of various parts (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower and Fruit) of Lantana camara (L. Camara) in Artemia salina.Methods
The methanol extracts of L. camara were tested for in vivo brine shrimp lethality assay.Results
All the tested extract exhibited very low toxicity on brine shrimp larva. The results showed that the root extract was the most toxic part of L. camara and may have potential as anticancer agent.Conclusions
Methanolic extract of L. camara is relatively safe on short-term exposure. 相似文献11.
Warrin Ebau Che Salmah Md Rawi Zubir Din Salman Abdo Al-Shami 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(8):631-634
Objective
To investigate the acute toxicity of cadmium and lead on larvae of two tropical Chironomid species, Chironomus kiiensis (C. kiiensis) Tokunaga and Chironomus javanus (C. javanus) Kieffer.Methods
Different larval instars (first-fourth) were exposed using a static non-replacement testing procedures to various concentrations of cadmium and lead.Results
In general, younger larvae (first and second instars) of both species were more sensitive to both metals than older larvae (third and forth instars). The toxic effects of the metals on C. kiiensis and C. javanus were influenced by the age of the larvae (first to fourth instars), types of metals (cadmium or lead) and duration of larval exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) to the metals.Conclusions
Cadmium was more toxic to the chironomids than lead and C. javanus was significantly more sensitive to both metals than C. kiiensis (P<0.05). 相似文献12.
K Manivannan G Karthikai devi P Anantharaman T Balasubramanian 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(2):114-120
Objective
To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Turbinaria conoides (T. conoides), Padina gymnospora (P. gymnospora) and Sargassum tenerrimum against human bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods
The antimicrobial activities of the extracts against various organisms were tested by using disc diffusion method.Results
The methanol extract showed the better result than the other extracts. Whereas, the strong antibacterial inhibition was noted in methanol extracts of P. gymnospora against Bacillus subtilus (26.33±1.86) and the mild inhibition of ethanol extracts from T. conoides against Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.33±0.51). Acetone extraction of P. gymnospora had strong antifungal inhibition against Cryptococcus neoformans (23.00±1.78), and acetone extract of T. conoides had mild inhibition against Aspergillus niger (3.00±0.89).Conclusions
The seven different solvent extracts of seaweeds used in the present study have shown significant bacterial action. Further, a detailed study on the principle compound in the seaweeds which is responsible for antimicrobial activity is still needed and it can be achieved by using advanced separation techniques. 相似文献13.
Soundararajan Vijayarathna Sreenivasan Sasidharan 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(10):826-829
Objective
To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7 and Vero cell.Methods
In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in by MTT assay. Cell morphological changes were observed by using light microscope.Results
The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7. Morphological alteration of the cell lines after exposure with Elaeis guineensis extract were observed under phase contrast microscope in the dose dependent manner.Conclusions
The results suggest the probable use of the Elaeis guineensis methanol extract in preparing recipes for cancer-related ailments. Further studies on isolation of metabolites and their in vivo cytotoxicity are under investigation. 相似文献14.
Objective
To examine the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oil of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus).Methods
The essential oils of this plant were obtained by the hydrodistillation method. The inhibitory effects of this essential oil were tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by using agar disc diffusion and dilution broth methods.Results
The results obtained showed that essential oil of the leaves of E. globulus has antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria (E. coli) as well as gram positive bacteria (S. aureus).Conclusion
The encouraging results indicate the essential oil of E. globulus leaves might be exploited as natural antibiotic for the treatment of several infectious diseases caused by these two germs, and could be useful in understanding the relations between traditional cures and current medicines. 相似文献15.
Lachimanan Yoga Latha Ibrahim Darah Kassim Jain Sreenivasan Sasidharan 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(2):149-151
Objective
To investigate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species.Methods
Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion assay against fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Results
All methanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial and antiyeast activities, which inhibited the growth of at least one bacterium or yeast. There was no remarkable difference between different Ixora species observed in this study.Conclusions
The significant antimicrobial activity shown by this Ixora species suggests its potential against infections caused by pathogens. The extract may be developed as an antimicrobial agent. 相似文献16.
Gaurav Kaithwas Raju Gautam Sanjay M Jachak Arvind Saklani 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(3):185-188
Objective
To evaluate the antiarthritic activity of Ajuga bracteosa using albino rats.Methods
The antiarthritic activity of 70% ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa (EEAB) was evaluated against turpentine oil- and formaldehyde- induced acute non immunological and complete freund''s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino rats.Results
EEAB showed a significant (P<0.05) and dose dependent inhibitory effect against acute and chronic models of arthritis. EEAB exhibited better antiarthritic activity than the standard aspirin.Conclusions
EEAB exhibits a significant and promising antiarthritic activity against acute and chronic arthritis and supports the traditional use of Ajuga bracteosa for rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases. 相似文献17.
EK Elumalai M Ramachandran T Thirumalai P Vinothkumar 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2011,1(5):406-408
Objective
To investigate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of the aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether leaf extracts of Merremia emarginata (M. emarginata).Methods
The antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of M. emarginata were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against four selected bacterial species.Results
The presence of tannins, flavonoids, amino acids, starch, glycosides and carbohydrates in the different leaf extracts was established. The methanol extract was more effective against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli, whereas aqueous extract was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusions
: The results in the present study suggest that M. emarginata leaf can be used in treating diseases caused by the tested organisms. 相似文献18.
Objective
To explore the prevention of recurrent candiduria using natural based approaches and to study the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) extract and the biofilm forming capacity of Candida albicans strains in the present of the H. sabdariffa extract.Methods
In this particular study, six strains of fluconazole resistant Candida albicans isolated from recurrent candiduria were used. The susceptibility of fungal isolates, time-kill curves and biofilm forming capacity in the present of the H. sabdariffa extract were determined.Results
Various levels minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract were observed against all the isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL. Time-kill experiment demonstrated that the effect was fungistatic. The biofilm inhibition assay results showed that H. sabdariffa extract inhibited biofilm production of all the isolates.Conclusions
The results of the study support the potential effect of H. sabdariffa extract for preventing recurrent candiduria and emphasize the significance of the plant extract approach as a potential antifungal agent. 相似文献19.
Hamady Dieng Rahman GM Saifur Abu Hassan Ahmad MR Che Salmah Al Thbiani Aziz Tomomitsu Satho Fumio Miake Zairi Jaal Sazaly Abubakar Ronald Enrique Morales 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(3):228-232
Objective
To identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti).Methods
During the second half of 2010, we performed an occasional survey in rural (Teluk Tempoyak) and urban (Gelugor) areas of Penang Island, Malaysia, to identify cryptic breeding sites.Results
In the rural area, we found heterogeneous immature stages of Ae. albopictus in the water bowl of an encaged bird. We also observed Ae. aegypti eggs deposited in the flush tank of a toilet in the urban area.Conclusions
It can be concluded that both breeding patterns can increase contact with hosts (humans and birds) and presumably population densities of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, thereby potentially boosting the risks for spread and transmission of arboviral diseases. 相似文献20.
Khadem Ali Ayesha Ashraf Nripendra Nath Biswas 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(9):722-726