经直肠经阴道超声在无症状镜下血尿诊断中的应用

目的评价经直肠经阴道超声检查对诊断无症状镜下血尿病变的临床意义。方法85例临床怀疑泌尿道疾病患者（49例男性和36例女性，年龄22～75岁，平均36-3岁）于镜下血尿出现后接受了经直肠或经阴道超声检查。全部患者的超声检查操作是采用5．0～7．5MHz的探头在膀胱轻度充盈状态下进行的。结果85例患者中，膀胱与前列腺病见于25例，其中，8例超声疑诊膀胱癌患者经手术和病理证实为早期膀胱移行细胞癌。本组膀胱癌的检出率为9．4％（8／25）。结论经直肠或经阴道超声检查对诊断无症状镜下血尿的病变具有高度敏感性，故应作为仅早发现膀胱癌的常规方法。     

膀胱偶发性肿瘤19例临床分析

目的：对膀胱偶发性肿瘤进行临床总结，探讨其临床意义。方法：通过对19例膀胱偶发肿瘤临床资料的回顾性分析，其中健康体检B超检查发现膀胱肿瘤5例，妇科疾病B超检查发现3例，逆行造影时膀胱镜检查发现4例，镜下血尿行膀胱镜检查发现3例，尿道口肉阜行膀胱镜检查发现1例。前列腺增生行汽化电切术时发现3例。结果：本组偶发癌均为早期膀胱移行细胞癌。均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电灼术。术后每3个月复查膀胱镜1次。随访6月～10年。3例复发，复发时间为术后2．5～5年。结论：B超、尿常规以及膀胱镜检查仍然是早期发现无症状膀胱肿瘤的主要方法，简便易行。膀胱偶发肿瘤恶性程度低，肿瘤相对表浅，早期治疗预后良好，术后复发率低。     

经直肠与经阴道超声对诊断输尿管下段结石的对比分析

目的：对比分析经直肠超声和经阴道超声对诊断输尿管下段结石,探讨女性输尿管下段结石最佳诊断方法。方法：对112例女性输尿管下段结石患者行经直肠超声和阴道超声检查。结果：112例输尿管下段结石经直肠检查均发现结石,经阴道超声有4例没有发现结石。结论：经直肠超声可以大大提高对于输尿管盆段及壁内段结石的检出率,该方法简便易行,诊断准确率高,明显优于经阴道超声检查,可完全取代经阴道超声。     

经会阴超声检查剖宫产分娩后盆底功能障碍的临床价值

目的探讨经会阴超声检查选择性剖宫产分娩后盆底功能障碍发生情况。方法选取118例选择性剖宫产分娩的初产妇,在其产后6周经会阴超声检查,记录其盆底功能障碍的发生情况。结果 118例初产妇中,发生盆底功能障碍25例,其发生率为21.19%。对照组经会阴超声检查均未见异常,且两组均未检出压力性尿失禁的病例。研究组经会阴超声检查发现产妇直肠膨出2例,阴道前壁脱垂3例,膀胱颈活动度增加17例,子宫脱垂3例。两组产妇经会阴超声检查在膀胱颈活动度上的比较,存在明显差异;而两组在直肠膨出、阴道前壁脱垂及子宫脱垂诊出情况上的比较,均无明显差异。研究组膀胱颈移动度较对照组显著增大,且研究组在静息状态下、Valsalva动作时的肛提肌裂孔面积较对照组均显著增大。结论产后早期行经会阴超声检查能早诊断盆底功能障碍,有较高的临床价值。     

彩色超声在健康体检中筛查乳腺癌的临床价值研究

目的:探讨高频彩色超声在健康体检中筛查乳腺癌的临床价值。方法:采用高频线阵探头对5597例健康体检女性进行常规乳腺检查,记录可疑乳腺癌病例的年龄、性别、肿块的声像图特点,进一步应用CDFI技术分析其血流特征,对照手术病理证实的病例建立随访制度,定期复查。结果:5597例健康体检女性中,发现可疑乳腺癌9例,经手术病理证实6例。癌平均直径1.4cm。结论:高频彩色超声结合CDFI技术在健康体检中对乳腺癌的早期发现、诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

经腹部与经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查异位妊娠的临床价值分析

目的探讨经阴道和经腹部彩色多普勒超声在诊断异位妊娠中的应用价值。方法对我院收治102例早期异位妊娠患者分别采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声和经腹部彩色多普勒超声检查。结果经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查准确率(96.08%)明显高于经腹部彩色多普勒超声(76.47%)。经阴道超声在发现宫外是否有混合性团块、宫外似孕囊影、外孕囊影中是否可见胚芽及胎心等声像图方面(58.82%、52.94%、62.75%)明显优于经腹部超声(17.65%、25.49%、13.73%),且差异具有统计学意义。而在子宫直肠窝积液显示方面比较则无差异。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声可有效提高异位妊娠患者的早期诊断率,经腹部超声与经阴道超声两种检查方式灵活运用,提高诊断准确率。     

经阴道超声诊断单纯性粘膜下肌瘤

我院 1996 0 2～ 1999 0 3应用经腹部与经阴道超声检查疑有粘膜下子宫肌瘤的患者 ,共检出单纯性粘膜下肌瘤 2 6例。本文分析探讨了经阴道超声检查粘膜下肌瘤的诊断价值。1　资料与方法2 6例我院门诊及住院患者 ,年龄 34～ 5 5岁 ,平均 42 .4岁。均有阴道不规则流血史。伴有贫血者 11例 ,血色素最低者 3 .7ｇ/Ｌ ,3例曾以“功血”治疗无效后来行阴道超声检查。使用日本ＴＯＳＨＩＢＡ 340型彩色超声显像仪 ,腹部探头频率为 3.5ＭＨｚ ,阴道探头为 6 .0ＭＨｚ。患者先充盈膀胱经腹部常规超声检查。随后排空膀胱液体取仰卧屈膝位 ,换阴道探头 …     

经直肠超声在妇科疑难病例检查中的应用

目的：探讨经直肠超声在妇科疑难病例检查中的应用价值。方法选取2011年7月～2013年7月在我院不适合经阴道超声检查的疑难病例74例,分别进行常规经腹超声检查和经直肠超声检查,根据手术后的病理或临床随访检验经直肠超声检查的正确率,对比经过两种不同途径超声诊断的结果。结果对于不适合经阴道超声检查部分疑难病例,常规经腹超声检查符合率74．3％,经直肠超声检查符合率96．0％,二者之间的差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论相对于经腹超声,直肠超声具有明显的优越性,在妇科临床检查中,对不适合经阴道超声检查的患者,经直肠超声能够弥补腹部超声的不足,具有较高的应用价值,值得在临床广泛推广。     

经直肠和经阴道探头在膀胱肿瘤诊断中的作用

自2002年来,对于怀疑膀胱肿瘤的患者,在经腹部超声检查的基础上加用经直肠或经阴道探头检查,最后经膀胱镜和手术证实,获得满意的效果,现报告如下.     

肾脏偶发癌的CT诊断和术前分期

肾脏偶发癌是指因健康体检或其他疾病检查发现的肾癌。近年来随着影像技术的迅速发展和临床上的广泛应用,以及人们健康意识的提高,使该病的发现率不断提高,充分认识并正确诊断肾脏偶发癌意义重大。现回顾分析 1994 -12 ~2003 -08经我院CT诊断并经手术病理证实的 30例肾脏偶发癌,总结如下。1　材料与方法1.1　一般材料　本组 30例,男 20例,女 10例 ,年龄 23 ~73岁,平均 54. 5岁。21例因健康体检、8例因其他疾病做腹部常规B超检查时发现肾脏占位,为进一步确诊而行CT检查; 1例因咯血行肺部CT检查时发现肾脏占位。所有病例均有完整的术前…     

Intravascular ultrasound

The recent development and rapid expansion of new percutaneous vascular interventional devices designed to remove or remodel atherosclerotic plaque has been accompanied by equally strong interest in imaging modalities guidance systems to more accurately evaluate disease and better facilitate vascular interventions than traditional angiography. Although contrast angiography remains the standard for diagnostic evaluation of coronary and peripheral arteries, intravascular ultrasound has the potential to offer more precise information about vascular anatomy and disease. Intravascular ultrasonography has been able to provide specific information regarding vessel lumen and wall. Such information is not available by traditional diagnostic methods and may become essential in the future diagnosis, staging, and treatment of atherosclerosis.     

Carotid ultrasound

This article provides an overview of basic diagnostic carotid ultrasound applications, and emphasizes practical aspects of this examination. Areas currently being investigated include carotid plaque characterization and applications relative to IMT measurements. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging also offers promise to improve plaque characterization, which in turn may link these evaluations to outcome studies.     

Scrotal ultrasound

Since its development in the late 1970s, scrotal ultrasound has been used successfully to diagnose and evaluate many pathologic processes. At present, except for evaluation of a few entities, it is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice. Differentiation of normal from abnormal scrotal contents is possible with great accuracy. The technique is capable of differentiating cystic from solid lesions and testicular from extratesticular disease with an accuracy approaching 100%. It has also been used successfully for evaluation of some causes of male infertility and various congenital abnormalities. Evaluation of spermatic cord torsion and undescended testes is generally better done with other techniques. Scrotal ultrasound, however, is still used as a complementary, but not the primary, study for these diagnoses.     

Fetal ultrasound

Ultrasound provides an opportunity to visualize the fetus and to assess its response to the intrauterine environment. The topic of fetal ultrasound is broad, and whole textbooks have been devoted to areas such as the diagnosis of anomalies. In an effort to provide current practical information, I have focused on the most common clinical questions asked when pregnant women are referred for obstetric ultrasound. We review the diagnoses of oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), macrosomia, multiple pregnancy, and common fetal anomalies. Noninvasive assessment of fetal well-being is addressed, along with the use of sonography to refine risk assessment in patients with abnormal antenatal screening tests.     

Hip ultrasound

Sonography has been widely utilized for several decades in the diagnosis and follow-up of developmental dysplasia of the hip due to its ability to visualize the nonossified femoral head and portions of the acetabulum in neonates, dynamic capabilities, accuracy, and lack of nonionizing radiation. Furthermore, hip sonography is also used throughout parts of the world to diagnose and guide intervention for both children and adults. The hip joint, tendons, and periarticular structures can be delineated with sonography in a variety of congenital, developmental, infectious, inflammatory, arthritic, traumatic, and neoplastic disorders. The following discussion focuses on the sonographic technique and imaging characteristics of congenital and developmental anomalies of the hip in children, as well as the sonographic evaluation of the hip joint and tendons.     

Problem-solving ultrasound

This article addresses the accepted indications for using ultrasound alone or in conjunction with other imaging techniques in solving problems of breast diagnosis and guiding patient management. The indications include evaluation of palpable and mammographic masses; guidance of interventional procedures; evaluating problems with implants; radiation treatment planning; and as the initial imaging technique in young,pregnant, and lactating patients. Evolving indications and controversial applications for breast ultrasound are also discussed.     

Gynecologic ultrasound

For most women, pelvic sonography using a transvaginal probe is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating the uterus and adnexae. It is reliable for detecting ovarian cysts and other adnexal masses, and it can often determine if a lesion can be observed on serial examinations or if it requires more urgent attention. Uterine ultrasound is reliable for evaluating both the normal and abnormal endometrium and myometrium. In cases that are technically limited, or in those that are difficult to interpret, a tailored MR imaging examination often can be helpful.     

Hip ultrasound

In newborns, US has an established role in the detection and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Later in childhood, when the limping child is a major diagnostic dilemma, US is extremely helpful in the identification of the varied disease processes underlying this condition, as transient synovitis, septic arthritis, Perthes disease and slipped femoral capital epiphysis. In adolescent practicing sporting activities, US is an excellent means to identify apophyseal injures about the pelvic ring, especially when avulsions are undisplaced and difficult-to-see radiographically. Later on, in the adulthood, US is an effective modality to diagnose tendon and muscle injuries about the hip and pelvis, identify effusion or synovitis within the hip joint or its adjacent bursae and guide the treatment of these findings. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the most common pathologic conditions about the hip, in which the contribution of US is relevant for the diagnostic work-up.