手术治疗51例髋臼骨折

目的探讨手术复位及内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的方法及疗效。方法对51例髋臼骨折患者根据骨折类型选择手术入路和复位内固定。随访评价术后的治疗效果。结果患者均获得随访,时间6个月~6年。髋臼骨折复位质量按照Matta标准：解剖复位31例（60.8%）,满意复位18例（35.3%）,不满意复位2例（3.9%）。髋关节功能依据D′Aubingne评分标准：优21例（41.2%）,良24例（47.0%）,可5例（9.8%）,差1例（2.0%）,优良率为88.2%。结论对于有手术指征的髋臼骨折,选择适宜的手术时机,采用正确的手术入路和良好的骨折复位及固定,可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肩胛骨骨折的临床特征及手术疗效。方法对于2002年3月至2007年3月本院手术治疗不稳定肩胛骨骨折共20例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按照Miller分型方法Ⅰ—A2例，Ⅰ—B1例，Ⅱ—C1例；Ⅱ-A2例，Ⅱ一B2例，Ⅱ—C5例。Ⅲ2例，Ⅳ5例。根据骨折类型选择手术入路（后入路17例，前入路3例），内固定物分别或结合应用“K”钢板，重建钢板，拉力螺钉固定骨折。结果全部病例均获随访，随访6月～28月，平均14月。根据Hercovici疗效标准，术后肩关节的功能评分为4～16分，平均14．5分，优良率为92．8％。结论手术治疗不稳定肩胛骨骨折能使患者早期功能锻炼，改善肩关节功能。     

复杂移位型髋臼骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨复杂移位型髋臼骨折的临床治疗效果。方法：从2000年2月—2002年7月收治23例髋臼骨折患者，其中后柱合并后壁骨折11例，前柱合并后半横形骨折6例，双柱骨折5例，“T”形骨折1例。本组复杂移位型髋臼骨折均采用手术治疗。手术采用髂腹股沟入路11例，Kocher—Langen—beck(K—L)入路5例，髂骨股骨入路4例，前后联合入路3例。结果：根据Matta评分标准，解剖复位16例(69．6％)，满意复位6例(26．1％)，不满意复位1例(4．3％)。昕有病例随访6～26个月，平均19．6个月，随访疗效与X线优良率分别为81．8％，83．9％。结论：复杂移化型髋臼骨折尽早手术治疗可取得满意的骨折复位和临床疗效，手术医师的手术技巧和临床经验与疗效密切相关。     

Ilioinguinal approach versus Stoppa approach for open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of displaced acetabular fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of open reduction and internal fixation through ilioinguinal approach and Stoppa approach for the treatment of displaced acetabular fractures. Methods: Case-controlled trials (CCTs) published from January 2010 to August 2015 that compared the ilioinguinal approach and Stoppa approach in the management of displaced acetabular fractures were retrieved from the databases of Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CNKI, and so on. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed. Statistical software RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Eight articles were included in the meta-analysis. Through comparing the efficacy and safety of ilioinguinal approach and Stoppa approach in the treatment of displaced acetabular fracture, statistical significance was found in the average operation time [WMD = 68.29, 95% CI (10.52, 126.05), p < 0.05] and the median intraoperative blood loss [WMD = 142.26, 95% CI (9.30, 275.23), p < 0.05]. However, there existed no statistical significance in the fracture end reset satisfaction rate [RR = 0.63, 95% CI (0.17, 2.37), p > 0.05], the early complications rate [RR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.33, 2.40), p > 0.05], the late complications rate [RR = 0.91, 95% CI (0.27, 3.01), p > 0.05], and Harris hip score good function rate [RR = 0.52, 95% CI (0.25, 1.10), p > 0.05]. Conclusion: Though both techniques can obtain satisfactory clinical functions in the treatment of displaced acetabular fractures, Stoppa approach is superior to the ilioinguinal approach in terms of operation time and intraoperative blood loss.     

改良Stoppa入路切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折

目的探讨采用改良Stoppa入路切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折的疗效。方法对41例髋臼骨折患者采用改良Stoppa入路行切开复位内固定治疗。结果手术时间95~210(168.1±79.8)min,出血量550~1 500(646.3±187.5)ml。骨折解剖复位率82.9%(34/41)。41例均获得随访,时间12~58(41.9±11.8)个月。改良Merle d'Aubigne-Postel评分14~19(17.1±1.3)分,其中优31例,良8例,可2例,优良率95.1%。结论采用改良Stoppa入路切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折,临床功能满意,具有手术时间短、出血量少、解剖复位率高、并发症发生率低等优势。     

Tibial plateau fractures. A review of operative treatment using AO technique

In a retrospective review of 80 tibial plateau fractures, 28 fractures were treated nonoperatively with a variety of closed methods and 52 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using AO technique. At an average follow up of 24 months, a satisfactory result was obtained in 87% of the operatively treated patients and in 66% of those treated nonoperatively. It appears that stable, minimally displaced fractures do equally well with closed or open treatment. Patients with depressed, displaced, or unstable fractures did better with operative treatment. When operative treatment is planned the principles and techniques of internal fixation should be carefully followed.     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：评价手术治疗髋臼移位骨折的效果。方法：总结对38例有移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的经验。根据骨折类型选用髂腹股沟入路、Kocher-Langenbeck入路、延长髂股入路，复位后用骨盆钢板和可吸收钉固定。结果：38例中22例（57.9%），完全复位，8例（21.05%）满意复位，8例（21.05%）复位不满意。30例获得随访，平均随访时间2.5年。根据Matta评分标准：优9例（30％),良13例（37％），一般6例（20％）。差4例（13％）。结论：对于髋臼骨折，联合应用三个方向的X片和CT扫描，准确诊断，尽早予以解剖复位，牢固固定，骨折愈合后负重运动。     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

Open reduction and stable fixation of isolated, displaced talar neck and body fractures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective review was to evaluate the long-term results of surgical treatment of isolated, displaced talar neck and/or body fractures with stable internal fixation. METHODS: The study included twenty-five patients with a total of twenty-six displaced fractures isolated to the talus that had been treated with open reduction and stable internal fixation and followed for a minimum of forty-eight months after the injury. The final follow-up examination included standard radiographs, computed tomography, and a clinical evaluation. Variables that were analyzed included wound type, fracture type, Hawkins type, comminution, timing of the surgical intervention, surgical approach, quality of fracture reduction, Hawkins sign, osteonecrosis, union, time to union, posttraumatic arthritis, and the AOFAS scores including subscores (pain, function, and alignment). RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was seventy-four months. Surgical intervention resulted in sixteen fractures with an anatomic reduction, five with a nearly anatomic reduction, and five with a poor reduction. All eight noncomminuted fractures were anatomically reduced. The overall union rate was 88%. All closed, displaced talar neck fractures healed, regardless of the time delay until surgical intervention. Posttraumatic arthritis of the subtalar joint was the most common finding and was seen in all patients, sixteen of whom had involvement of more than one joint. Osteonecrosis was a common finding, seen after thirteen of the twenty-six fractures overall and after six of the seven open fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and internal fixation is recommended for the treatment of displaced talar neck and/or body fractures. A delay in surgical fixation does not appear to affect the outcome, union, or prevalence of osteonecrosis. Posttraumatic arthritis is a more common complication than osteonecrosis following operative treatment. Patients with a displaced fracture of the talus should be counseled that posttraumatic arthritis and chronic pain are expected outcomes even after anatomic reduction and stable fixation. This is especially true following open fractures.     

不稳定骨盆骨折并存移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨不稳定骨盆骨折并存移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的效果。方法　本组 2 1例采用联合Tile -Letournel分类法确定并行手术治疗。结果　平均随访 2年 ,骨盆骨折均获复位。累及髋臼负重顶的骨折 17例 ,15例复位满意 ,疗效优良。结论　手术可有效复位固定骨折 ,矫正畸形 ,重建骨盆环的稳定性、恢复髋臼关节面的平整和正常的头臼关系     

老年移位髋臼骨折手术治疗策略及疗效

目的探讨切开复位内固定术和一期全髋关节置换术治疗老年髋臼骨折的临床疗效并进行比较研究。方法1998～2005年间共收治45位年龄超过60岁的髋臼骨折患者，其中21例行切开复位内固定，10例行一期全髋关节置换术。手术距受伤时间不到2周，平均7d。术后常规给予抗凝药预防深静脉血栓形成，按康复计划进行恢复性功能锻炼，定期随访行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果本组随访1．5～7年，平均4年；最后随访时，切开复位内固定组Harris评分为69～84分，平均79分，优良率为57％，伴有较高的创伤性关节炎、异位骨化、股骨头骨坏死发生率；全髋关节置换术组患者的Harris评分为75～90分，平均84分，优良率为80％，仅有髋臼杯轻度移动（〈4mm），无假体松动、深部感染等并发症。结论全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位髋臼骨折可以取得比切开复位内固定更好的稳定性，术后恢复快、功能质量高，并发症少，是一种较好的选择。     

Four-part valgus impacted fractures of the proximal humerus

There is a specific type of displaced four-part fracture of the proximal humerus which consists of valgus impaction of the head fragment; this deserves special consideration because the rate of avascular necrosis is lower than that of other displaced four-part fractures. Using either closed reduction or limited open reduction and minimal internal fixation, 74% satisfactory results can be achieved in this injury.     

Fractures of the acetabulum. Early results of a prospective study

One hundred two patients with 105 displaced fractures of the acetabulum were treated for fractures involving at least one column of the acetabulum and displaced at least 5 mm (rim fractures were excluded). The patients were primarily young adults with multiple injuries secondary to motor-vehicle-associated trauma. Fractures were classified according to the classification of Letournel. The most common fractures were the complex associated types with 44 complete both column, 19 T-shaped, and 18 associated transverse and posterior wall. Seventeen fractures were treated closed, and 88 were treated operatively. Closed treatment with skeletal traction was undertaken if roof arc measurements demonstrated a satisfactory remaining acetabular dome following fracture and in some cases of apparent congruence following complete both column fractures. Fractures not meeting these criteria were operated upon through the Kocher-Langenbeck, extended iliofemoral, or ilioinguinal approach. Ninety percent of the operations produced a satisfactory reduction of the fracture (3 mm or less displacement). A follow-up study longer than one year was obtained for 50 fractures. Clinical results were 80% satisfactory overall. Operative complications included 3% infection, 5% nerve palsy, and 7% significant ectopic bone. Operative treatment can produce satisfactory fracture reductions and clinical results with an acceptably low complication rate.     

Triplane fractures of the distal tibial epiphysis

Triplane distal tibial fractures can occur as two-, three-, or four-part fractures with or without a fibular fracture. Diagnosis of the particular anatomy of each fracture is ascertained by plain radiographs; if the fracture is displaced 2 mm or more on any view, anteroposterior and lateral tomograms and, if possible, a limited computerized tomography (CT) scan should be done. A plaster cast in situ for non-displaced fractures or closed reduction for displaced fractures should be attempted first by internal rotation and anterior movement of the fibular metaphyseal piece. Failure to obtain and/or maintain an adequate closed reduction (less than 2 mm displacement), determined by plain radiographs, is an indication for operative treatment. Operative treatment consists of screw fixation for the metaphyseal fragment alone in two-part fractures and both metaphyseal and epiphyseal screw fixation in three-part fractures. Associated fibular fractures may also require internal fixation. The prognosis is generally good if adequate reduction has been achieved by closed or open means.     

Minimal invasive para-rectus approach for limited open reduction and percutaneous fixation of displaced acetabular fractures

Introduction

Minimal invasive fixation has been reported as an alternative option for treatment of acetabular fractures to avoid blood loss and complications of extensive approaches. Closed reduction and percutaneous lag screw fixation can be done in minimally displaced acetabular fractures. Open reduction is indicated, if there is wide displacement. In this study, we report the use of a mini-open anterior approach to manipulate and reduce anteriorly displaced transverse acetabular fractures combined with percutaneous lag screw fixation.

Methods

This report included eight patients. All had anterior displaced simple transverse acetabular fractures. An oblique mini-incision was made above and medial to the mid-inguinal point, and lateral to the lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle. The external abdominal oblique aponeurosis was incised along its fibres. The arched fibres of internal abdominal oblique were displaced medially above the inguinal ligament to expose and incise the fascia transversalis. Care was taken to avoid injury of ilioinguinal nerve, inferior epigastric vessels, and spermatic cord. The external iliac vessels were palpated and protected laterally. A blunt long bone impactor was introduced through this small incision to manipulate and reduce the fracture under fluoroscopic control. Fluoroscopic guided percutaneous lag screw fixation was done in all patients.

Results

The average time to operation was 4 days. Average blood loss was 110 mL. Operative time averaged 95 min. Maximum fracture displacement averaged 10 mm preoperatively and 1.3 mm postoperatively. According to Matta score, anatomical reduction of the fracture was achieved in five patients and imperfect in three. Follow up averaged 27 months. Wound healing occurred without complications and fracture union was achieved without secondary displacement in all patients. Average time to fracture healing was 14 weeks. According to the modified Merle d’Aubigné score, functional outcome was good to excellent in all patients.

Discussion and conclusion

Limited open reduction can solve the problem of fracture reduction, which is the main concern in minimal invasive fixation of acetabular fractures. It may help the inclusion of displaced acetabular fractures for percutaneous lag screw fixation. This mini-para-rectus approach has the advantages of minimal soft tissue dissection with the possible anatomical reduction of simple transverse displaced acetabular fractures.     

Technique of Kirschner wire reduction and fixation of displaced two-part valgus angulated proximal humerus fractures at the surgical neck

This article describes the technique of closed reduction with percutaneous fixation using Kirschner wires in helping the reduction of two-part valgus angulated and displaced proximal humerus fractures at the surgical neck. Traditional open reduction may lead to more accurate anatomic reduction; however, extensive tissue dissection increases the risk of avascular necrosis. Thus, closed reduction of unstable fracture mostly required forceful reduction maneuvers, which can harm the vascular supply and increase hematoma formation. Reduction of the fractured sides can easily be performed by engaging Kirschner -wires with a joystick method and fixation can be secured by using threaded pins. Thirty-six consecutive patients with displaced, two-part, valgus-angulated proximal humerus fractures at the surgical neck were treated by this method. The patients were followed for an average of 38 months. All fractures healed. According to the Constant scoring system, 21 patients (58%) had excellent, 9 patients (25%) had good, and 6 patients (17%) had fair results. The technique of closed reduction with a joystick method and percutaneous fixation is regarded as a reasonable treatment alternative in displaced two-part valgus angulated proximal humerus fracture.     

前后联合入路配合移动窗技术治疗复杂髋臼骨折的疗效观察

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨髂腹股沟入路联合K-L入路配合移动窗技术治疗复杂型髋臼骨折的方法和疗效。方法〓对本院18例复杂型髋臼骨折患者采用髂腹股沟入路联合K-L入路配合移动窗技术行重建钢板手术内固定治疗。应用Matta法评定骨折复位情况,D’Aubigine法评定髋关节功能,Brooker法评价异位骨化的发生,同时观察并发症的发生率。结果〓解剖复位12例,满意复位6例,无不满意复位;关节功能优良率达94.4%;并发异位骨化1例(1级);术后并发创伤性关节炎1例,股骨头坏死1例。结论〓采用前后联合入路配合“移动窗”技术治疗复杂髋臼骨折可尽可能全面暴露术野,提高复位固定的效果,促进患者髋关节的稳定性提升和髋关节功能的改善,同时减少并发症发生。     

Treatment of Bennett, Rolando, and vertical intraarticular trapezial fractures

Intraarticular fractures at the first trapeziometacarpal joint include Bennett, Rolando, and vertical intraarticular fractures of the trapezium. If these fractures heal in a displaced position, a traumatic arthritis quickly develops at the thumb base. Open reduction and lag screw rigid internal fixation of a Bennett fracture is advisable if a satisfactory closed reduction cannot be obtained. If the palmar and dorsal displaced fragments of a Rolando fracture are of adequate size, an open reduction internal fixation may be performed with small lag screws incorporated through a T- or L-shaped buttress plate. A displaced vertical intraarticular fracture of the trapezium may be easily misdiagnosed as a trivial chip fracture, unless specific radiographic views are obtained. Open reduction internal fixation is the only treatment method that will provide a satisfactory outcome for this fracture.