4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯的合成

2-甲基-2-羟基丙腈(2)经三甲基硅基(TMS)保护后,经Blaise反应并脱三甲基硅烷基保护,在亚硝酸钠和乙酸作用下肟化和Pd/C催化还原得到2-氨基-4-羟基-4-甲基-3-氧代戊酸乙酯三氟乙酸盐,再与丁酰亚氨酸甲酯盐酸盐环合得到奥美沙坦酯关键中间体4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯,总收率约40%。     

抗高血压药奥美沙坦酯合成新路线和相关杂质的研究

目的研究奥美沙坦酯的新合成方法，并对合成中产生的主要杂质进行结构确证和有效控制。方法4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯水解，环合成4,4-二甲基-2-丙基-4,6-二氢呋喃并［3,4-d］咪唑-6-酮，与4-［2-(2-三苯甲基四唑-5-基)苯基］苄基溴缩合，经分离纯化，皂化成钠盐，与4-氯甲基-5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯成酯，脱保护基得奥美沙坦酯。对缩合反应的主要杂质应用X-ray单晶衍射谱确证其结构为咪唑位置异构体，并用其合成奥美沙坦酯的咪唑位置异构体。通过优化反应条件抑制异构体的量，从而保证奥美沙坦酯的质量。结果用新路线合成了奥美沙坦酯，总收率60%，纯度大于99.0%；成品中异构体含量小于0.1%。结论本文合成路线是奥美沙坦酯的新合成方法，并首次报道奥美沙坦酯的咪唑位置异构体。     

Benicar

[通用名称] olmesartan medoxomil,奥美沙坦酯[化学名称]4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1-[[2’-(1氢-四唑基-5)[1，1’-二苯基]-4-]甲基]咪唑-5-羧酸(5-甲基-2-氧-1，3-二氧环戊烯基-4-)甲酯[理化性状]为白色或亮黄白色结晶性粉末，部分溶于水，在甲醇中溶解度小。     

奥美沙坦酯合成路线图解

奥美沙坦酯(olmesartan medoxomil,1),化学名为4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1-[[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基]甲基]咪唑-5-羧酸(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基酯,是由日本Sankyo公司研发的一种AT_1受体拮抗剂,2002年5月美国FDA批准用于治疗高血压.本品对不同程度的高血压降压作用均较好,患者耐受性好.     

4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H咪唑-2-基]苯甲酰胺的合成工艺改进

目的改进4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]苯甲酰胺(SB-431542)的合成工艺.方法关键中间体4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-N-1-羟基咪唑-2-基]苯腈(1)以三氯化肽[Ti(Ⅲ)Cl3]还原得到4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]苯腈(2);2在叔丁醇中以氢氧化钾水解将腈基转化为胺酰基得到了SB-431542.结果与讨论中间体和终产物经1H-NMR和MS鉴定,均与文献的数据相符.该合成工艺缩短了合成路线、简化了操作、提高了收率和纯度,避免了使用毒性大的亚磷酸三乙酯[P(OEt)3].     

2-(3-氰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯的合成

目的优化非布司他关键中间体2-(3-氰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯(4)的合成方法。方法采用"一勺烩"方法,以4-羟基苯甲腈为起始原料,首先与硫氢化钠和无水氯化镁在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中反应,所得中间体不经分离,直接加入2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯进行环合反应,得到2-(4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯(2);然后通过六亚甲基四胺/三氟乙酸进行Duff反应,得到2-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯(3);再经盐酸羟胺/甲酸/甲酸钠体系脱水得到目标化合物。结果经四步反应合成非布司他关键中间体4,总收率为22.6%,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱确证。结论改进后的工艺终产品无需柱色谱纯化,适合工业化生产。     

奥美沙坦酯

[通用名称] olmesartan medoxomil,奥美沙坦酯 [化学名称] 4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1-[[2'-(1氢-四唑基-5)[1,1'-二苯基]-4-]甲基]咪唑-5-羧酸(5-甲基-2-氧-1,3-二氧环戊烯基-4-)甲酯 [理化性状] 为白色或亮黄白色结晶性粉末,部分溶于水,在甲醇中溶解度小. [药理作用][1] 本品为选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ受体抑制剂,通过选择性阻断血管紧张素与AT1受体在血管平滑肌处的结合而阻滞AT1受体的收缩血管作用.     

(口恶)拉戈利关键中间体的新合成方法

本研究报道了(口恶)拉戈利关键中间体(R)-[2-[5-(2-氟-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-[2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-4-甲基-2,6-二氧代-3,6-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基]-1-苯乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1)的新合成路线.以3-氨基巴豆酸乙酯为原料,经氯甲酸苯酯活化后与(R)-叔丁基(2-氨基-1-苯乙基)氨基...     

奥美沙坦酯

[通用名称]olmesartan medoxomil,奥美沙坦酯[商品名]Olmetec,傲坦[化学名称]2,3-二羟基-2-丁烯基4-(1-羟基- 1-甲乙基)-2-丙基-1-[对-(邻-1H-四唑-5-苯基)苄基]咪唑-5-羧酸酯,环2,3-碳酸[理化性状]本品为白色薄膜衣片,除去包衣后显白色。[药理作用]本品为一种前体药物,经胃肠道吸收水解为奥美沙坦。奥美沙坦为选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)1型受体(AT1)阻滞剂,通过选择性阻断AngⅡ与血管平滑肌AT1受体的结合而阻断AngⅡ的收缩血管作用,其作用独立于AngⅡ合成途径之外,其与AT1的亲和力比AT2大约12 500倍。本     

广谱抗生素Cefpiramide Sodium

异名 Sepatren,Sancefal 化学名 (6R,7R)-7-[(R)-2-(4-羟基-6-甲基-3-吡啶羧酰胺基)-2-(4-羟基苯基)乙酰胺基]-3-[[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)硫代]甲基]8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂二环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸钠     

缬沙坦的合成工艺研究

目的研究缬沙坦的新合成方法。方法以N-(三苯基甲基)-5-(4'-溴甲基联苯-2-基)四氮唑为原料,经Kornblum氧化、还原胺化、酰化、去保护基制得N-[2'-(1H-四氮唑)-5-基]-[(1,1'-联苯-4-基)-甲基]-N-戊酰-L-缬氨酸甲酯,后经水解、酸化得缬沙坦。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经1H-NMR谱确证,总收率为37.6%。新方法避免了消旋化,为合成缬沙坦提供了新的思路。     

达比加群酯的合成工艺改进

目的 改进达比加群酯的合成工艺,提高反应收率并简化操作。方法 以4-甲胺基-3-硝基苯甲酸为原料,与3-（吡啶-2-基氨基）丙酸乙酯缩合后,经催化氢化、酰胺化后闭环、成脒、与氯甲酸正己酯反应得到达比加群酯。结果与结论 目标化合物的结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱确证。改进后的合成方法与原工艺相比,环境友好,收率提高了16.4%,总收率为33.75%(以4-甲胺基-3-硝基苯甲酸计)。     

PgH2 analogs as potential antiplatelet derivatives.

Previous observations implicating PgH2 as a direct activator of platelets suggested that derivatives of U46619, a well-characterized TxA2 receptor agonist having structural homology with PgH2, might possess antiplatelet activity. The present work describes the synthesis of [1S-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha,4 alpha)]-3-[(tetrahydropyranyloxy)methyl]- 2-[2-[(triphenylmethyl)oxy]ethyl]-5-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (14) a potentially useful intermediate for the synthesis of various epoxymethano derivatives. The latter was converted to [1S-(1 alpha,2 beta (Z),3 alpha,4 alpha)]-7-[3-[[2- [(phenylamino)carbonyl]-hydrazino]methyl]-5-oxabicylo[2.2.1]hept-2 - yl]-5-heptenoic acid (23), an epoxymethano derivative of PgH2 containing a hydrazide lower side chain as previously used in the TxA2 antagonist, SQ 29,548. The intermediate 14 was also converted to [1S-(1 alpha,2 beta (Z),3 alpha,4 alpha)]-7- [3-[(hexylamino)methyl]-5-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid (25) which contained a simple aza side chain as used in earlier antagonists. Derivatives 23 and 25 appeared to be specific antagonists of the human platelet TxA2 receptor as evidenced by their inhibition of U46619 (1.5 microM) induced aggregation of human platelet rich plasma (IC50 = 22 and 7 microM, respectively), while having little effect on ADP (2 microM) induced aggregation at much higher concentrations. In addition, one of these derivatives, the bicycloamine 25, was shown to compete for [3H]U46619 binding to washed human platelets with an IC50 value of 25 microM, supporting the notion that these derivatives were acting at the thromboxane receptor. However, the potency of these derivatives was less than for previously reported TxA2 antagonists, suggesting that simple linear combinations of functionality from molecules active at the human platelet thromboxane receptor will be of limited predictive value.     

New pyrazole derivative 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole: synthesis and assessment of some biological activities

The molecular modification and synthesis of compounds is vital to discovering drugs with desirable pharmacological and toxicity profiles. In response to pyrazole compounds' antipyretic, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory effects, this study sought to evaluate the analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, and vasorelaxant effects, as well as the mechanisms of action, of a new pyrazole derivative, 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole. During the acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhing test, treatments with 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole reduced abdominal writhing, while during the formalin test, 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole reduced licking times in response to both neurogenic pain and inflammatory pain, all without demonstrating any antinociceptive effects, as revealed during the tail flick test. 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole also reduced carrageenan‐induced paw edema and cell migration during the carrageenan‐induced pleurisy test. As demonstrated by the model of the isolated organ, 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole exhibits a vasorelaxant effect attenuated by Nω‐nitro‐l ‐arginine methyl ester, 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐alpha]quinoxalin‐1‐one, tetraethylammonium or glibenclamide. 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole also blocked CaCl₂‐induced contraction in a dose‐dependent manner. Suggesting a safe toxicity profile, 5‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2H‐tetrazole reduced the viability of 3T3 cells at higher concentrations and was orally tolerated, despite signs of toxicity in doses of 2000 mg/kg. Lastly, the compounds' analgesic activity might be attributed to the involvement of the NO/cGMP pathway and K⁺ channels observed in the vasorelaxant effect.     

头霉素关键中间体7-MAC的合成方法改进

目的改进头霉素关键中间体7α-甲氧基-7β-氨基-3-[（1-甲基-1H-四氮唑-5-基）硫甲基]头孢-3-烯4-羧酸二苯甲酯（7-MAC）的合成方法。方法以7-氨基-3-乙酰氧甲基头孢烯酸（7-ACA）为原料,经亲核取代反应合成3-（1-甲基-1胁四氮唑-5-基）硫甲基-7-氨基头孢烯酸（2）,2经取代．消除反应、酯化反应制得7-甲硫亚胺-3-[（1-甲基-1H-四氮唑-5-基）硫甲基]头孢-3-烯4-羧酸二苯甲酯（5）,在中间体5的7α位引入甲氧基制得目标化合物7-MAC。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证,总收率为60％以上,纯度为99．1％,透光率高于75％。该方法反应条件温和,得到的产品质量好,有利于工业化生产。     

多巴胺转运蛋白显像剂99mTc-TRODAT-1的合成

以可卡因为原料经水解、脱水、甲酯化、４－氯苯基经镁格氏反应、酯水解、酰氯化、等反应,合成了配体ＴＲＯＤＡＴ－１（２）。     

苯磷硫胺有关物质的合成

本研究合成了苯磷硫胺2个有关物质,即3-[(4-氨基-2-甲基嘧啶-5-基)甲基]-5-[2-[[羟基(膦酰氧基)膦酰基]氧基]乙基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-3-鎓氯化物(5)和二磷酸单-[4-[(4-氨基-2-甲基嘧啶-5-基甲基)-甲酰基-氨基]-3-苯甲酰基硫基-戊-3-烯基]酯(6)。氯化3-[(4-氨基-2-甲基-5-嘧啶基)-甲基]-5-(2-羟乙基)-4-甲基噻唑鎓盐酸盐(2)与多聚磷酸反应得粗品5,经D301阴离子交换树脂柱纯化,减压浓缩,加异丙醇析出5,纯度96.55%。5在碱性条件下,低温与苯甲酰氯反应,经冷冻干燥得6,纯度97.57%。产物结构经MS、1H NMR和13C NMR确证。     

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-NMR characterization of in vitro metabolites of a potent and irreversible peptidomimetic inhibitor of rhinovirus 3C protease.

In vitro metabolism of AG7088 [trans-(4S,2'R,5'S,3"'S)-4-[2'-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6'-methyl-5'-[(5"-methylisoxazole-3"-carbonylamino]-4-oxoheptanoylamino]-5-(2"'-oxopyrrolidin-3-"'-yl)pent-2-enoic acid ethyl ester] was studied in liver microsomes isolated from mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, and humans. The structures of the metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry and LC-NMR methods. Hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to produce metabolite M4 (AG7185) is the predominant pathway in all species, with the greatest activity observed in rodents and rabbits, followed by monkeys, dogs, and humans. Several hydroxylation products were identified as minor metabolites, including diastereomers M1 and M2, with a hydroxy group at the P1-lactam moiety, and M3, with a hydroxy group at the methyl position of the methylisoxazole ring. Rodent and rabbit liver microsomes formed almost exclusively the acid metabolite M4 (AG7185), with very little hydroxylated metabolites, whereas monkey liver microsomes formed more secondary metabolites (i.e., acid analogs of the hydroxylated metabolites). The overall metabolic profile of AG7088 formed in dog liver microsomes closely resembled that of human liver microsomes; therefore, this species may be the most appropriate animal model relative to humans for exposure to AG7088 and its metabolites.     

余甘子化学成分研究

目的:研究余甘子的化学成分。方法:对余甘子80%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行色谱分离,根据光谱数据确定各化合物的结构。结果:共分离并鉴定出9种化合物:没食子酸(1)、鞣花酸(2)、3-乙基没食子酸(3)、槲皮素(4)、黏酸-1-甲酯-6-乙酯(5)、2-O-没食子酰基黏酸二甲酯(6)、β-香树脂酮(7)、β-香树脂醇(8)和β-谷甾醇(9)。其中,化合物5、6、7和8为首次从该植物中发现。结论:本研究为进一步明确余甘子的药理活性部位提供了基础资料。