Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗后发性白内障临床观察

目的　探讨 Q开关 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后发性白内障的疗效及安全性。方法　回顾性分析行 Q开关 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后发性白内障患者 16 5例 193眼 ,记录手术前后视力、眼压及并发症 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　 (1)后囊膜一次性切开成功率为 10 0 % ,所用激光脉冲数平均 2 4± 2 1.7次 ,激光总能量平均 5 9.3± 6 6 .2 m J;(2 ) 91.2 % (176眼 )视力较术前提高 ;(3) 5 9.6 % (115眼 )出现一过性眼压升高 ;手术前后眼压变化与是否植入人工晶状体、所用激光脉冲数以及白内障手术与后囊膜切开术间隔时间有关 ;(4) 19.3% (32眼 )出现人工晶状体损伤。结论　 Q开关 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后发性白内障安全、有效 ,但应严格掌握手术适应证 ,并合理选择激光参数。     

后囊膜混浊的Nd:YAG激光治疗

目的：探讨Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开的方法，疗效及并发症。方法：回顾性分析了108例112只眼用Nd:YAG激光切开混浊后囊膜的病例，并记录了视力，眼压的变化和并发症的发生情况，结果；所有病例都成功切开后囊膜，视力提高，裸眼平均视力由术前0.2增加到术后0.5，平均矫正视力达到0.7,30.3%的眼内人工晶状体出现激光损伤斑，无人工晶状体移位；眼压出现一过性升高；随访中发现2例视网膜脱离，结论：Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开操作容易，安全，疗效好，并发症少。     

Nd:YAG激光松解切开术治疗晶状体后囊膜皱褶

目的:探讨Nd:YAG激光松解切开术治疗晶状体后囊膜皱褶的效果。方法:术前爱尔卡因表面麻醉下置CGP角膜接触镜,借助瞄准光,准确聚焦于皱褶上,发射Nd:YAG激光,单脉冲松解皱褶能量为0.4～1.0mJ,每次治疗总量为20～30(平均24.00±0.0625)mJ。结果:后囊膜皱褶激光松解切开术后矫正视力1.0者31眼(58%),0.6～0.8者17眼(32%),0.4～0.5者5眼(9%)。裂隙灯下观察未发生人工晶状体损伤,无玻璃体疝、黄斑囊样水肿或视网膜脱离等并发症。结论:用Nd:YAG激光松解切开术治疗晶状体后囊膜皱褶,可增进视力,疗效良好。     

减少Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术人工晶状体损伤的探讨

目的　探讨减少或避免 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术人工晶状体 (IOL )损伤的方法。方法　对 2 5 2例(2 6 1只眼 ) IOL眼晶状体后囊膜混浊 (posterior capsule opacity,PCO)患者行 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术。采用环行切开后推膜瓣法或十字形切开法。平均单脉冲能量 (2 .35± 0 .38) m J,平均脉冲次数 (2 9± 10 .2 1)次 ,平均总能量(6 8.15± 11.0 2 ) m J。平均随访 (13± 5 )个月。结果　截囊成功率 10 0 %。发生 IOL损伤 12只眼 (4 .6 % ) ,均为轻度损伤。 1、2级 PCO和较薄的 PCO未发生 IOL损伤。结论　掌握激光手术时机及操作技巧是减少或避免 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术 IOL损伤的关键     

两种Nd:YAG激光后囊切开方式对不同材料人工晶状体损伤的观察

目的观察Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开方式对不同材料的人工晶体(IOL)损伤的情况。方法对86例(124只眼)IOL眼晶状体后囊膜混浊(posterior capsule opacity,PCO)患者随机分为两组行Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术。A组64眼采用环行切开后推膜瓣法,人工晶体包括:PMMA23眼、疏水性丙烯酸26眼、硅凝胶15眼。B组60眼行十字形切开法,人工晶体包括:PMMA21眼、疏水性丙烯酸25眼、硅凝胶14眼。术前术后常规眼前段检查、测视力、眼压。结果截囊成功率100%。发生IOL损伤16眼,其中A组6眼(9.38%),B组10眼(16.67%),两种方式对相同材料的人工晶体损伤的机率相似(均p>0.05),不同材料的耐受强弱依次为PMMA、疏水性丙烯酸、硅凝胶,均为轻度损伤。结论两种方式对不同材料损伤的机率依次为硅凝胶、疏水性丙烯酸、PMMA,但环行切开后推膜瓣法可以减少Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术IOL损伤机率。     

人工晶状体眼晶状体后囊膜混浊对视功能的影响

目的:探讨人工晶状体眼晶状体后囊膜混浊对患者最佳矫正视力、对比敏感度、立体视觉及色觉等诸项视功能的影响。方法:对30例患者(35眼)超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后,发生后囊膜混浊(posteriorcapsuleopacification,PCO)的患眼及对侧眼进行最佳矫正视力、对比敏感度、立体视觉及色觉等项检查。对患眼施行Nd:YAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术。术后1wk重复上述视功能检查,将术前术后检查结果进行配对比较分析,单眼患者与对侧眼进行比较。结果:Nd:YAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术前患眼的LogMAR视力平均(0.43±0.33),术后LogMAR视力平均(0.08±0.12),术后视力较术前提高差异有极显著性(P<0.05)。患眼各空间频率的对比敏感度较术前均有明显提高,差异有统计学极显著性(P<0.01);而对侧眼术前最佳矫正视力、各空间频率对比敏感度与术后复查结果比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。采用颜少明《立体视觉检查图》检测显示,激光后囊膜切开术前立体视觉阳性13例(43%),其中2例(7%)具有中心立体视,无立体视者17例(57%);Titmus立体视觉检查卡检查显示22例患者(73%)立体视阳性,其中4例有中心立体视(13%),无立体视功能者8例(27%)。术后颜氏《立体视觉检查图》和Titmus立体视觉检查卡检测的立体视阳性分别为24例(80%)和28例(93%),其中分别有11例(37%)和15例(50%)达到中心立体视,术后的立体视觉较术前改善差异有显著性(P<0.05)。术前全部患眼存在色觉异常,主要表现在蓝紫色及绿色辨别能力下降,术后色觉障碍有一定程度提高,但蓝紫色觉改善不明显。结论:人工晶状体植入术后后囊膜混浊不仅影响患眼视力的康复,还对对比敏感度、立体视锐度、色觉等多种视功能有不同程度的影响。Nd:YAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术是治疗PCO,提高视力和改善视功能的有效方法。     

Nd:YAG激光治疗后发性白内障临床分析

目的:探讨Nd:YAG激光治疗后发性白内障的临床疗效。方法:应用Nd:YAG激光对147例(176眼)后发性白内障行后囊膜切开术,散瞳后于瞳孔区行十字形或圆形后囊切开。术后抗炎、散瞳、必要时控制眼压、随访。结果:后囊膜均切开,视力比治疗前增加的患者占94.9%,14眼术后眼压高在治疗后12～48h正常,36眼人工晶状体遗留局限性击射斑。结论:对于后发性白内障,Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开可增加视力,且安全有效。     

Nd:YAG激光治疗后发性白内障的临床观察

目的：观察Nd：YAG激光治疗白内障术后后囊膜混浊（posterior capsular opacification，PCO）的情况，旨在减少术后的并发症。方法：对160例（175眼）人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障患者行Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开术。结果：所有患者术后随访4～24mo，175眼中165眼术后视力有不同程度提高，增视率（94．3％），10例视力不提高者患有不同类型的眼底疾病，未见严重并发症发生。结论：手术有利于视力提高及查找低视力原因。术中应准确聚焦，术后注意观察眼压及选择激光手术时机是预防并发症的关键。     

Nd：YAG激光治疗后发性白内障

Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后发性白内障简便易行疗效肯定。现将我院 1996年 7月以来 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术 89例 92眼报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 1996年 7月～ 1999年 12月我院应用 L JL5 0型 Nd:YAG激光眼科治疗机施行 Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术的患者 89例 92眼。男 46例 ,女 43例 ;年龄 4～ 90岁。激光后囊膜切开治疗距白内障手术时间 3个月～ 3a。其中老年性白内障 5 7例 5 9眼 ,并发性白内障 6例 6眼 ,外伤性白内障 2 2例 2 2眼 ,先天性白内障 4例 5眼。白内障囊外摘出术后 37例 40眼 ,联合人工晶状体植入术 5 2…     

Nd:YAG激光治疗后发性白内障的临床评价

目的:评价Nd:YAG激光治疗后发性白内障的临床疗效、安全性及治疗要点.方法:对723例770眼明显影响视力的后发性白内障患者用Nd:YAG激光进行治疗,根据患者的不同情况选择术前处理方式,切开能量以切开囊膜的最小能量开始.结果:一次截囊成功率99.1%;所有患者术后随访4～12mo,术后视力均明显提高,由术前平均视力0.22提高到0.50.并发症有人工晶状体小凹86眼(11.2%),一过性眼压升高7眼(0.9%),玻璃体疝2眼(0.3%).结论:Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后发性白内障安全且疗效肯定;掌握治疗时机,针对患者的具体情况选择术前处理方式能提高治疗的效果及安全性.     

YAG激光后囊切开术治疗晚期囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障

目的：观察YAG激光后囊切开术治疗晚期囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障的疗效。

方法：对临床确诊为囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障的13例18眼患者行YAG激光后囊切开术,观察术后1,4,24h; 1,2wk的非矫正远视力、眼压、房水、玻璃体及主观症状的变化。

结果：YAG激光后囊切开术治疗囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障,可以提高患者非矫正远视力; 部分患者可出现前房内游走颗粒,但不引起炎症反应; 术后1,4,24h部分患者会引起一过性眼压升高,甚至需降眼压治疗,但术前术后眼压变化无统计学意义; 所有患者术后均出现玻璃体混浊加重,眼前漂浮影增多,但均在2wk内恢复。

结论：YAG激光后囊切开术治疗囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障,可以提高患者视力,但应严密观察患者眼压、前房内炎症反应等,及时给予处理。     

掺钕钇铝石榴石激光治疗人工晶状体眼晶状体后囊膜混浊的视功能评价方法

目的探讨对比敏感度和眩光敏感度检查在晶状体后囊膜混浊(posterior capsule opacification, PCO)患者视功能评价中的意义,为掺钕钇铝石榴石(neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet,NdYAG)激光治疗晶状体PCO提供视功能评价方法.方法对67例(73只眼)超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术后晶状体PCO患者行NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术,分别于手术前、后进行视力、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度检查,并加以分析.NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术采用环形切开向后翻转法,晶状体后囊膜瓣直径为5 mm,平均单次脉冲能量为(2.93±0.63) mJ,平均脉冲次数为(19.09±8.63)次,平均总能量为(57.47±36.05) mJ.术后平均随访时间(14±6)个月.结果术后视力、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度均较术前明显提高,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01).术前矫正视力≥0.8的16只眼手术前、后最佳矫正视力比较,差异无显著意义(P＞0.05);不同视角的对比敏感度和眩光敏感度比较,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05).术前不同视力患者各频段的对比敏感度比较,差异均无显著意义(P＞0.05).术前不同视力患者低频段和中频段眩光敏感度间差异有显著意义(P＜0.05),高频段眩光敏感度间差异无显著意义(P＞0.05).术前晶状体后囊膜2级混浊者不同频段的平均对比敏感度和眩光敏感度与1级混浊者比较,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05).NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术中人工晶状体出现激光损伤斑者5只眼(6.8%),术后无高眼压、黄斑囊样水肿、视网膜脱离和人工晶状体移位等并发症发生.结论对比敏感度和眩光敏感度检查可灵敏、全面反映晶状体PCO患者的视功能状态,可成为确定NdYAG激光晶状体后囊膜切开术手术时机和评价手术疗效的方法.     

Outcome of posterior capsulotomy in late capsular block syndrome with posterior capsular opacification

BACKGROUND: To examine the results of neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with late or previously unrecognized capsular block syndrome (CBS) presenting with deterioration of vision owing to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). METHODS: Patients, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular implantation and were referred for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy owing to PCO, were prospectively examined for the presence of CBS. When indicated, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was carried out. Prospective follow-up examinations were performed for the next 6 months. The outcome measures were post-laser change in best corrected visual acuity, refraction, change in intraocular pressure, inflammation and complication rate. RESULTS: Of 655 patients referred for capsulotomy, eight had an associated CBS in that eye. These eight eyes comprised the study cases. The presence of CBS had not been recognized before the development of PCO. Best corrected visual acuity improved in all cases. In seven out of eight (87.5%) eyes refraction was unchanged throughout the follow up. Ocular hypertension, inflammation or other complications did not develop. CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in eyes with PCO and late or previously unrecognized CBS is a safe procedure, resulting in improved visual acuity without refractive change.     

Comparison of two Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: cruciate pattern vs circular pattern with vitreous strand cutting

AIM: To investigate the effects and safety of neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 37 patients with symptomatic posterior capsular opacity (PCO) were included in this prospective randomized study and were randomly subjected to either cruciate pattern or round pattern Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting (modified round pattern). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error, endothelial cell count (ECC), anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured before and 1mo after the laser posterior capsulotomy. RESULTS: In both groups, the BCVA improved significantly (P<0.001 for the modified round pattern group, P=0.001 for the cruciate pattern group); the IOP and ECC did not significantly change. The ACD significantly decreased (P<0.001 for both) and the ACA significantly increased (P=0.001 for the modified round pattern group and P=0.034 for the cruciate group). The extent of changes in these parameters was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of PCO. This method significantly changes the ACD and ACA, but the change in refraction is not significant. Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy can be considered a good alternative procedure in patients with symptomatic PCO.     

Effect of four different intraocular lenses on posterior capsule opacification

AIM: To evaluate the impact of 4 different intraocular lenses (IOLs) on posterior capsule opacification (PCO) by comparing the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy rates. METHODS: This retrospective study included 4970 eyes of 4013 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation between January 2000 and January 2008 by the same surgeon at one clinic. Four different IOLs were assessed. The outcome parameter was the incidence of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies. RESULTS: An Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed in 153 (3.07%) of the 4970 eyes. The mean follow-up time was 84mo for all of the IOL groups. The percentage of eyes developing PCO was significantly greater for the acrylic hydrophilic IOLs than for the hydrophobic IOLs, although eyes with acrylic hydrophilic IOLs did not require Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy as soon as eyes with acrylic hydrophobic IOLs. There was no difference between the long-term PCO rates when 1- and 3-piece acrylic hydrophobic IOLs were compared or when IOLs made of the same material but with different haptic angles were compared. CONCLUSION: In this study, eyes with acrylic hydrophilic IOLs were more likely to develop PCO than those with acrylic hydrophobic IOLs. The lens design (1-piece versus 3-piece and varying haptic angles) did not affect the PCO rate.     

The effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for the treatment of posterior capsule opacification in children with acrylic intraocular lenses.

INTRODUCTION: Acrylic intraolcular lenses (IOLs) may result in lower rates of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) than poly(methyl methacrylate) lenses in children. Nonetheless, PCO frequently occurs eventually, especially in younger children. Here, we evaluated the success of neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy for the management of PCO after acrylic IOL implantation without primary capsulectomy. METHODS: We reviewed 73 eyes in 57 children (age 23 months to 12 years; median, 6.4 years) who underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy after AcrySof IOL implantation and who had at least 3 months follow-up (range, 3-92 months; median, 25 months). The effectiveness of laser treatment was evaluated in terms of the need for repeat laser procedures or intraocular surgery to clear the visual axis. RESULTS: Fifty-one eyes (70%) maintained a clear visual axis after a single Nd:YAG procedure, 10 eyes (84% cumulative) after 2 Nd:YAG procedures, and another 3 eyes (88% cumulative) after 3 Nd:YAG procedures. Six eyes (8%) required pars plana membrane removal to clear the visual axis, whereas 3 eyes (4%) continue to need treatment. Life table analysis showed that the probability of continuing success after 24 months with a single Nd:YAG procedure is 68% (95% confidence interval 53-83%). In younger children (age<4 years), this rate probability was lower than in older children (35% vs. 74%; P=0.022). Two eyes developed mild transient elevated intraocular pressure. In 1 eye, the IOL was dislocated and replaced. DISCUSSION: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is an acceptable option for the management of PCO after AcrySof IOL implantation in children and produces complications infrequently.     

人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术

目的探讨巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切开术治疗人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的效果。方法32例(34眼)人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障行巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切开术。平均随访18个月。结果全部术眼晶状体后囊中央均形成直径3.5~4mm的圆形透明区,后发性白内障切开术的成功率为100%;术中前房稳定,人工晶状体无损伤。术后能配合视力检查的患者最佳矫正视力均恢复至后发性白内障发生前的最佳水平;随访期间无切口渗漏、角膜水肿、瞳孔区玻璃体疝、人工晶状体损伤、视网膜脱离、高眼压或晶状体后囊膜切开区再次浑浊等并发症。结论巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切除术治疗人工晶状体植入术后的后发性白内障安全、有效。     

白内障术后继发后囊膜混浊激光治疗前后视功能的变化

目的:探讨白内障术后继发的后囊膜混浊(posterior capsule opacification,PCO)对患者视功能的影响及YAG激光治疗前后视功能的变化。方法:对57例(59眼)的患者于激光治疗前后进行视力检查,并主觉验光矫正视力;采用对比敏感度检测卡分别测试患眼和对侧眼的对比敏感度曲线;采用颜氏《立体视觉检查图》和Titmus立体视觉检查图检测患者的近距立体视锐度;采用王克长《色觉检查图》检测患者的色觉辨认功能。采用SPSS12.0统计软件进行统计分析比较。结果:激光治疗前患眼的平均视力为0.56±0.25,治疗后患眼平均视力为0.86±0.21。采取最小角度对数视力统计比较患眼治疗前LogMAR视力0.3103,较对侧眼LogMAR视力0.0707低下,差异有极显著性(t=7.63,P=0.000);治疗后患眼LogMAR视力0.0811较治疗前提高差异有显著性(t=7.076,P=0.000)。治疗前患眼各频区的对比敏感度值均较对侧眼显著低下,治疗后敏感度值明显提升较治疗前差异有非常显著性。治疗前44眼(75%)出现色觉异常,仅15眼(25%)辨色完全正常;治疗后31眼(53%)辨色完全正常,治疗前后的辨色能力差异有显著性。采用颜少明《立体视觉检查图》和Titmus立体视觉检查图检测显示,治疗前立体视缺失者分别为39例(68%)和19例(33%),具有正常立体视锐度者分别为3例(5%)和6例(11%);治疗后立体视缺失者降至11例(19%)和2例(4%),具有正常立体视锐度者达到22例(39%)和36例(63%),立体视的改善较之前差异有显著性。结论:白内障术后的后囊膜混浊不仅影响患眼的最佳矫正视力,还影响其对比敏感度值和色觉辨认,并可损伤患者的立体视功能。YAG激光后囊膜切开术是治疗PCO,恢复患者多项视功能的有效手段。     

【In Press】 Comparison of two Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: cruciate pattern vs circular pattern with vitreous strand cutting

AIM: To investigate the effects and safety of neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 37 patients with symptomatic posterior capsular opacity (PCO) were included in this prospective randomized study and were randomly subjected to either cruciate pattern or round pattern Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting (modified round pattern). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error, endothelial cell count (ECC), anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured before and 1mo after the laser posterior capsulotomy. RESULTS: In both groups, the BCVA improved significantly (P<0.001 for the modified round pattern group, P=0.001 for the cruciate pattern group); the IOP and ECC did not significantly change. The ACD significantly decreased (P<0.001 for both) and the ACA significantly increased (P=0.001 for the modified round pattern group and P=0.034 for the cruciate group). The extent of changes in these parameters was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of PCO. This method significantly changes the ACD and ACA, but the change in refraction is not significant. Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy can be considered a good alternative procedure in patients with symptomatic PCO.