七氟醚麻醉在风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术中的应用

目的:比较丙泊酚靶控输注与七氟醚全程吸入在风湿性心脏病患者二尖瓣置换术中的麻醉效果。方法:选取2016年1月～2019年4月收治的110例风湿性心脏病患者作为研究对象,均行二尖瓣置换术治疗,依据麻醉方式的不同分为七氟醚组和丙泊酚组,各55例。七氟醚组在手术中采用七氟醚全程吸入麻醉,丙泊酚组在手术中采用丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉,比较两组拔管时间、意识消失时间和麻醉前、麻醉后30 min、麻醉后6 h的心肌酶指标(心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、肌酸激酶同工酶)水平。结果:丙泊酚组意识消失时间和拔管时间长于七氟醚组(P<0.05);麻醉后6 h,丙泊酚组肌酸激酶同工酶水平高于七氟醚组(P<0.05);麻醉后30 min、6 h,丙泊酚组心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ水平高于七氟醚组(P<0.05)。结论:风湿性心脏病患者二尖瓣置换术中采用七氟醚全程吸入麻醉较丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉能缩短拔管时间和意识消失时间,减缓心肌损伤。     

七氟醚与丙泊酚用于新生儿麻醉效果的实验研究

目的研究七氟醚和丙泊酚应用于新生儿麻醉的效果。方法60例新生儿随机均分为两组,七氟醚组和丙泊酚组,每组30例。七氟醚组经面罩吸入七氟醚与氧气的混合气体,根据患儿体动反应调节七氟醚的浓度,丙泊酚组静脉注射丙泊酚2.5mg/kg,意识消失后行气管插管。取右侧卧位从骶裂孔注入0.25%罗哌卡因1.0ml/kg。七氟醚组术中持续吸入七氟醚,丙泊酚组静脉持续泵注丙泊酚1.0-1.5mg/(kg.h),保留自主呼吸,间断辅助呼吸维持麻醉。术中连续监测SPO2、HR、BP、RR,记录两组患儿麻醉中意识消失时间、气管插管时间、插管时发生体动、呛咳例数、自主呼吸恢复时间、术中呼吸抑制例数。同时比较患儿术后苏醒时间及质量。结果两组患儿麻醉前SBP、DBP、HR组间比较差异无显著性。诱导期SBP、DBP、HR较麻醉前明显下降(P0.05)。插管后SBP、DBP、HR较麻醉前明显下降(P0.05)。丙泊酚组诱导期及插管后SBP、DBP、HR较七氟醚组明显下降(P0.05)。七氟醚组患儿意识消失时间、气管插管时间均较丙泊酚组明显延长(P0.05)。七氟醚组患儿恢复自主呼吸时间较丙泊酚组明显缩短(P0.05)。七氟醚组患儿呼吸抑制发生率较丙泊酚组明显减少(P0.05)。两组气管插管期间呛咳、体动的发生率无显著性差异(P0.05)。七氟醚组患儿苏醒时间较丙泊酚组明显缩短(P0.05)。两组苏醒质量无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论丙泊酚与七氟醚均可安全有效地应用于新生儿患者。七氟醚更易保证患儿心血管系统及呼吸系统的稳定,值得在新生儿手术中推广应用。     

七氟醚预处理对颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中血清丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的评价七氟醚预处理对颅内动脉瘤夹闭术血清中MDA和SOD浓度的影响。方法择期行颅内脑动脉瘤夹闭术患者40例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄40-65岁。随机分为七氟醚组(S组,n=20)和对照组组(C组,n=20),其中S组麻醉诱导后给予2%七氟醚预处理,30min后洗出,C组不作处理。采用比色法测定麻醉前(T0)、上临时动脉夹前即刻(T_1)、上临时动脉夹30min(T_2)、动脉瘤夹闭夹闭2h(T_3)、4h(T_4)5个时间点血中MDA、SOD浓度。结果与T_0相比,两组患者在T_2、T_3和T_4时点血清MDA显著升高、SOD水平显著降低(P0.05);S组患者血清中MDA水平在T_2、T_3和T_4时间点明显低于C组(P0.05);与C组相比,S组患者血清中SOD水平在T_2、T_3和T_4时间点明显增高(P0.05)。结论七氟醚预处理颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者可降低MDA含量,增加血清SOD活性,具有一定神经保护作用。     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对单肺通气下肺癌肺叶切除术患者围术期肺功能的影响比较

目的比较丙泊酚与七氟醚对单肺通气下肺癌肺叶切除术患者围术期肺功能的影响。方法选取我院收治的86例行单肺通气下肺癌肺叶切除术患者,将其随机分成七氟醚组(43例,采用七氟醚维持麻醉)和丙泊酚组(43例,采用丙泊酚维持麻醉)。比较两组患者各时间点的血流动力学指标、肺功能指标及MDA、MMP-9水平。结果两组患者各时间点的CO、CVP、MAP、HR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T1、T2、T3时,丙泊酚组的Qs/Qt低于七氟醚组(P<0.05);T2、T3时,丙泊酚组的RI低于七氟醚组(P<0.05);T3时,丙泊酚组的A-aDO2低于七氟醚组(P<0.05)。T3时,丙泊酚组的MDA、MMP-9水平均低于七氟醚组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚麻醉对单肺通气下肺癌肺叶切除术患者肺功能的损伤程度小于七氟醚麻醉,且过氧化程度、炎性反应较轻。     

不同剂量七氟醚吸入麻醉用于肝移植患者的临床评价

目的比较不同剂量七氟醚吸入麻醉对肝移植患者的肝脏功能的影响。方法 40例肝移植患者分为4组,每组10例,用咪唑安定0.05 mg·kg~(-1)、芬太尼5μg·kg~(-1)、依托咪酯0.3 mg·kg~(-1)、维库溴胺0.15 mg·kg~(-1)行麻醉诱导;麻醉维持用丙泊酚、七氟醚,丙泊酚组(P组):持续输注丙泊酚4 mg·kg-1·h~(-1),七氟醚低剂量组(S1组)持续吸入七氟醚0.5最小肺泡浓度(MAC),七氟醚中剂量组(S2组)持续吸入七氟醚1.0 MAC,七氟醚高剂量组(S3组)持续吸入七氟醚1.5 MAC;记录麻醉前、诱导后、插管后1 min、5 min、10 min的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR);分别于麻醉前(D0)、术后1 d(D1)、术后3 d(D2)、术后5 d(D3)和术后7 d(D4)5个时间点静脉采血,测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平。结果以中等剂量七氟醚用于吸入麻醉时其血压和心率下降比其他两组更为明显;七氟醚组ALT、AST水平低于丙泊酚组,TBIL反应稍慢,丙泊酚组在术后第3天达高峰,术后第7天也逐渐恢复正常。两组TBIL在D1开始升高,D4时逐渐恢复正常。结论以中等剂量七氟醚吸入麻醉用于肝癌患者肝移植麻醉为宜;七氟醚麻醉与丙泊酚麻醉相比,对于活体肝脏移植患者的肝功能指标影响无显著差异。     

七氟醚、异氟醚和丙泊酚全麻联合硬膜外麻醉对肝硬化患者肝脏部分切除术的影响

目的：比较七氟醚、异氟醚和丙泊酚全麻复合硬膜外麻醉在肝脏切除术的安全性以及苏醒质量和耗费情况。方法：选择45例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ。肝脏右叶部分切除患者,随机分为七氟醚组（S组）、异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）、异丙酚组（P组）。每组患者均联合硬膜外阻滞。3组分别以七氟醚、异氟醚吸入、丙泊酚靶控输注（TCI）维持麻醉,且维持BIS值在50±5,术毕停止用药。记录术中心率、血压、术后睁眼时间、拔管时间、指令时间、定向力时间、达出苏醒室标准时间,以及术后不良反应,并计算麻醉耗费。结果：七氟醚、丙泊酚苏醒较快;3组麻醉不良反应相似;丙泊酚组麻醉费用最高,异氟醚组耗费最低。结论：七氟醚、丙泊酚复合全麻苏醒较快,异氟醚麻醉维持最经济。     

七氟醚联合丙泊酚麻醉维持在全麻复合硬膜外麻醉中的临床应用

目的:比较丙泊酚联合七氟醚用于全身麻醉维持与七氟醚单独用于麻醉维持对于患者苏醒的影响。方法:随机将160例择期在硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉下行胃肠手术的患者分为七氟醚组(S组,n=80)和七氟醚/丙泊酚组(SP组,n=80)。麻醉诱导后,S组采用七氟醚维持麻醉,SP组采用七氟醚联合丙泊酚(1.2μg/mL)维持麻醉。麻醉维持期间维持脑电双频指数(BIS)在40~60。记录拔管时间、苏醒期间严重呛咳和躁动以及其他相关事件的发生率。结果:SP组苏醒和拔管时间分别为(7.2±2.0)min和(8.0±1.8)min,S组苏醒和拔管时间分别为(12.3±1.5)min和(12.8±1.6)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SP组严重呛咳和躁动的发生率分别为30%和25%,S组严重呛咳和躁动的发生率分别为68%和53%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者拔管时BIS值、麻醉期间芬太尼和肌松药用量差异无统计学意义。结论:与七氟醚维持相比,七氟醚联合丙泊酚用于麻醉维持,患者麻醉苏醒更快,且苏醒期呛咳和躁动的发生率较低。     

七氟醚联合丙泊酚用于麻醉维持在全麻复合硬膜外麻醉中的临床观察

目的：比较丙泊酚联合七氟醚用于全身麻醉维持与七氟醚单独用于麻醉维持对于患者苏醒的影响。方法：随机将160例择期在硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉下行胃肠手术的患者分为七氟醚组(S组,n=80)和七氟醚/丙泊酚组(SP组,n=80)。麻醉诱导后,S组采用七氟醚维持麻醉,SP组采用七氟醚联合丙泊酚(1.2μg/mL)维持麻醉。麻醉维持期间维持脑电双频指数(BIS)在40～60。记录拔管时间、苏醒期间严重呛咳和躁动以及其他相关事件的发生率。结果：SP组苏醒和拔管时间分别为(7.2±2.0)min和(8.0±1.8)min,S组苏醒和拔管时间分别为（12.3±1.5）min和（12.8±1.6）min,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。SP组严重呛咳和躁动的发生率分别为30%和25%,S组严重呛咳和躁动的发生率分别为68%和53%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组患者拔管时BIS值、麻醉期间芬太尼和肌松药用量差异无统计学意义。结论：与七氟醚维持相比,七氟醚联合丙泊酚用于麻醉维持,患者麻醉苏醒更快,且苏醒期呛咳和躁动的发生率较低。     

七氟醚与丙泊酚对行体外循环下心脏手术患者实验室指标及术后认知障碍的影响

目的研究体外循环下七氟醚与丙泊酚两种不同麻醉维持方案对行体外循环(CPB)下心脏手术患者实验室指标及术后认知障碍(POCD)的影响。方法前瞻性研究,选择2016年9月至2017年6月在上海交通大学附属胸科医院行CPB下心脏手术的患者62例,患者ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,NYHAⅡ或Ⅲ级,年龄22~69岁,按照随机数字表法将患者分为七氟醚吸入组(S组)和丙泊酚静脉组(P组),每组各31例。S组给予七氟醚,全部采取吸入麻醉;P组给予丙泊酚,全部采取静脉麻醉。采集患者麻醉诱导后即刻(T0)、手术结束时(T1)、术后6 h(T2)、术后12 h(T3)、术后24 h(T4)的上腔静脉血样,测定S-100β蛋白浓度和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平,并记录患者的住院时间、ICU停留时间、麻醉时间、手术时间、CPB时间、主动脉夹时间、呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、术中出血量等手术指标和POCD发生率。结果 P组患者麻醉时间、手术时间、呼吸恢复时间以及术后苏醒时间均低于S组(P0.05),两组患者在CPB时间、主动脉钳夹时间、拔管时间、住院时间、ICU停留时间、术中出血量方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与T0时相比,S组患者在T1、T2时的血浆S-100β分别为(0.82±0.13)pg/L、(0.71±0.10)pg/L,NSE水平为(21.38±2.21)pg/L、(15.99±4.04)pg/L,S-100β、NSE水平均大幅升高,且均高于P组的S-100β、NSE水平(P0.05)。两组患者在术前MMSE评分差异无统计学意义,P组患者术后24、48 h MMSE评分均高于S组(P0.05),且P组患者POCD发生率为12.90%,低于S组(35.48%),两组差异均具有统计学意义(P=0.038)。结论丙泊酚静脉注入及七氟烷吸入两种麻醉维持方案均对行CPB下心脏手术患者的术后认知功能产生影响,引发POCD,但丙泊酚麻醉方案的POCD发生率相对较低。同时丙泊酚在术中麻醉时间、手术时间、呼吸恢复时间及术后苏醒时间方面均低于七氟醚,其脑保护作用也优于七氟醚吸入。     

七氟醚与丙泊酚对老年肿瘤患者术后认知功能的影响

目的：探究不同麻醉药物对老年肿瘤患者术后认知功能的影响。 方法：选取 2017 年 1 月 ~2020 年 7 月收治的 96 例老年 肿瘤患者,按随机数字表法分成丙泊酚组和七氟醚组,各 48 例。 两组均予以丙泊酚、罗库溴铵、舒芬太尼麻醉诱导,丙泊酚组接受丙泊 酚维持麻醉,七氟醚组接受七氟醚维持麻醉。 对比两组围术期指标（拔管时间、术后睁眼时间、肛门排气时间）,用药前、插管即刻、切皮 时、建立气腹时、术毕时血流动力学水平（心率、平均动脉压）,术前 1%d 、术后 1%d 、术后 3%d 、术后 5%d 简易精神状态检查量表评分。 结果： 七氟醚组拔管时间及术后睁眼时间较丙泊酚组短（ P ＜0.05 ）;用药前至术毕时,两组心率、平均动脉压对比无明显差异（ P ＞0.05 ）;术后 1%d 、 3%d ,七氟醚组简易精神状态检查量表评分较丙泊酚组高（ P ＜0.05 ）。结论：老年肿瘤患者应用七氟醚或丙泊酚维持麻醉均可维持血 流动力学稳定,与丙泊酚麻醉相比,七氟醚麻醉在缩短拔管时间、术后睁眼时间方面更具优势,更利于术后认知功能恢复。     

Comparison of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion

In this study, we compared haemodynamic changes, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion time, and complications in patients anesthetized by inhalation of sevoflurane with those of intravenous induction with propofol. One hundred patients, aged between 20-40 years were enrolled in this study. Group 1 received propofol (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) and group 2 received sevoflurane (6%+50% N2O+50% O2) by inhalation using the tidal volume technique. LMA insertion time was found to be significantly longer in sevoflurane group than in propofol group. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower within each group after induction in comparison to before induction values. In both groups, the LMA was successfully inserted in all patients. The quality of anaesthesia according to patients was significantly higher in the propofol group (80%) than in sevoflurane group (30%). Odor perception was significantly higher in sevoflurane group (84%) than in propofol group (38%). Apnoea was significantly higher in propofol group (40%) than in sevoflurane group (0%). Sevoflurane is an alternative to propofol for induction of anaesthesia and has a lower incidence of apnoea. Other complication rates are not higher than which propofol but the longer duration of induction time is a disadvantage.     

丙泊酚在消除小儿斜视手术七氟烷麻醉苏醒期躁动的临床观察

目的观察丙泊酚对消除小儿斜视手术七氟烷麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响。方法选择小儿斜视消除术病例110例,随机分为丙泊酚（P组）和生理盐水对照组（N组）,分别给予丙泊酚1.5mg/kg及生理盐水静点。分别记录PACU停留时间、术后躁动情况及恶心呕吐等不良反应情况,术后躁动采用5分躁动分级法评分。结果 PACU停留时间两组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,苏醒躁动情况P组明显弱于N组（P〈0.05）,N组出现1例恶心、呕吐现象并有1例患儿发生静脉留置针脱落。结论小儿斜视手术麻醉中停用七氟烷后给予单次剂量1.5mg/kg的丙泊酚能明显降低术后躁动的发生,使麻醉更趋平稳,而并不会延长患儿麻醉苏醒时间和PACU停留时间。     

Effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and propofol infusions on post-operative recovery criteria in geriatric patients

We compared the effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane and propofol infusions on postoperative recovery criteria in geriatric patients. Sixty patients aged > 65 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) group 1 or 2 and undergoing gynaecological or urological procedures were randomized equally into three groups. Group 1 received 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane in a 50% O2/N2O mixture and group 2 received 1 MAC isoflurane in a 50% O2/N2O mixture. Group 3 received a 50% O2/N2O mixture plus propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (8 mg/kg for the first 30 min, followed by 6 mg/kg for maintenance). Recovery criteria comprising the times to spontaneous eye opening, extubation, response to verbal stimuli and orientation were recorded following the discontinuation of anaesthesia. Recovery times were significantly shorter in groups 1 and 3 compared with group 2. We conclude that sevoflurane and propofol had similar effects on recovery criteria and were associated with a faster recovery than isoflurane.     

The influence of sevoflurane on the bispectral index, regional cerebral oxygen saturation, and propofol concentration during propofol/N2O anesthesia

Objective This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of sevoflurane on the bispectral index (BIS), regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂), and serum propofol concentration during propofol/N₂O anesthesia. This study tested the hypothesis that sevoflurane affect BIS values, rSO₂, and the pharmacokinetics of propofol during propofol/ N₂O anesthesia.Methods General anesthesia was administered to 15 ASA I-II patients with a continuous infusion of propofol to maintain a BIS value of 45 ± 5. After recording baseline values, patients were assigned to receive sevoflurane (2.0%, 20 min). BIS values, rSO₂ using near-infrared spectroscopy, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded for 60 min. Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were evaluated using impedance cardiograph methods. Propofol concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results Sevoflurane (2.0%, 20 min) decreased the BIS score from 47.4 ± 8.2 to 27.3 ± 5.9 (P < 0.01, n = 15) without affecting rSO₂. Sevoflurane decreased systolic blood pressure from 112.1 ± 14.0 mmHg to 96.5 ± 13.2 mmHg (P < 0.001, n = 15) without affecting heart rate. Both CO and SV were significantly decreased during sevoflurane application. Propofol concentration was increased from 2.71 ± 0.51 μg/ml to 3.30 ± 0.57 μg/ml (P < 0.05) after sevoflurane application, and was returned to baseline after sevoflurane washout.Conclusions We have shown that sevoflurane decreases BIS values during propofol/N₂O anesthesia without affecting rSO₂ and that this change is accompanied by an increase in serum propofol concentration. Changes in propofol concentration may be due to, at least in part, hemodynamic changes such as decreased CO produced by sevoflurane.A part of the present study was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, October 23–27, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Nishikawa K, Kanemaru Y, Hagiwara R, Goto F. The influence of sevoflurane on the bispectral index, regional cerebral oxygen saturation, and propofol concentration during propofol/N₂O anesthesia.     

七氟醚和异丙酚麻醉对应激反应及血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚和七氟醚麻醉对应激反应及血流动力学的影响,为手术提供一种合理的麻醉方法.方法Ⅰ组20例异丙酚静脉诱导,异丙酚静脉持续泵入4-8μgkg/h维持麻醉;Ⅱ组20例七氟醚诱导,七氟醚持续吸入1%-2%维持麻醉.观测两组病人不同时期的血糖、皮质醇及SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2的变化.结果Ⅰ组术中SBP、DBP比Ⅱ组明显降低（P＜0.05）;术中,术毕Ⅰ组皮质醇明显高于Ⅱ组（P＜0.01）;术毕时Ⅰ组血糖明显高于Ⅱ组（P＜0.01）.结论 七氟醚吸入麻醉比异丙酚静脉麻醉应激反应小,血流动力学变化小,更适合于麻醉的选择.     

Differential effects of propofol and sevoflurane on QT interval during anesthetic induction

There have been conflicting reports on whether propofol prolongs, shortens, or does not change QT interval. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol on heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval during anesthetic induction. We examined 50 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Patients received 3 μg/kg of fentanyl and were randomly allocated to one of the following 2 groups. Group S patients received 5 mg/kg of thiamylal followed by sevoflurane, 5 % at the inhaled concentration. Group P patients received propofol using TCI system at 5 μg/mL for 2 min followed by 3 μg/mL. Tracheal intubation was performed after vecuronium administration. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), bispectral index score (BIS), and QTc interval in 12-lead electrocardiogram were recorded at the following time points: just before fentanyl administration (T1), 2 min after fentanyl injection (T2), 1 min after thiamylal injection or 2 min after the start of TCI (T3), just before intubation (T4), and 2 min after intubation (T5). BIS and MAP significantly decreased after anesthetic induction in both groups. HR decreased after anesthetic induction and recovered after tracheal intubation in group P, whereas it did changed in group S throughout the study period. QTc interval was shortened at T3 and T4 in group P, but prolonged at T3, T4, and T5 in group S, as compared with T1. Propofol TCI shortens QTc interval, whereas sevoflurane prolongs QTc interval during anesthetic induction.     

Neuromuscular blockade by vecuronium during induction with 5% sevoflurane or propofol

This randomized trial investigated whether 5% sevoflurane potentiated neuromuscular blockade by vecuronium. General anaesthesia was induced with 5% sevoflurane in oxygen in 16 patients or with propofol in 16 patients. After loss of consciousness, vecuronium was administered to all participants at randomly assigned doses of 25, 30, 35 or 40 μg/kg. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed by use of acceleromyography to measure responses to train-of-four stimuli in the adductor pollicis and corrugator supercilii muscles. Maximum blockade was significantly more intense in the adductor pollicis among patients in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group, whereas there was no significant between-group difference at the corrugator supercilii muscles. In both groups, maximum blockade at the corrugator supercilii was significantly less intense than that achieved at the adductor pollicis. In the dose-response analysis, the 50% and 95% effective doses were lower for sevoflurane than for propofol in both muscles, although this did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that induction of general anaesthesia with sevoflurane might provide improved conditions for intubation and reduce airway problems.     

Effects of sevoflurane versus propofol on oculocardiac reflex--a comparative study in 180 children

Oculocardial reflex (OCR) occurs particularly through manipulation of the medial rectus muscle and results in a bradycardic arrhythmia. In children the incidence is between 60 and 80%. After using sevoflurane in clinical practice, the absence or non-occurrence of this reflex was observed. The data of 180 healthy children aged between four and 14 years who had to undergo strabismus surgery under general anaesthesia were analysed: group I (n = 92), group II (n = 88). All children received standard premedication with midazolam, no anticholinergic drugs were administered. During narcosis, analgesia was maintained routinely with alfentanil. In group I sevoflurane was inhaled for hypnosis and in group II propofol was injected as intravenous hypnotic drug. The depth of anaesthesia was adjusted according to clinical criteria. To compare both groups, heart rate (HR) was determined before, during and after surgical intervention. OCR was defined as a heart rate declining by more than 20% from the initial HR.OCR is described in all methods of general anaesthesia. Under sevoflurane the occurrence of the reflex was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 14% of all patients as compared to 75% in patients who received a propofol infusion. Sufficient reflex reduction according to the depth of narcosis under sevoflurane in combination with the sympathomimetic effects of this drug could therefore be discussed as a reason for its positive effects. In our opinion, the use of sevoflurane should be considered as an option for general anaesthesia in strabismus surgery.     

七氟烷吸入麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉在小儿扁桃体手术中的应用对比

目的比较丙泊酚和七氟烷应用于小儿扁桃体手术的麻醉效果和安全性。方法选取接受扁桃体手术的患儿52例,随机分为七氟烷组和丙泊酚组各26例,分别采用丙泊酚静脉麻醉和七氟烷吸入麻醉。比较两组患儿麻醉诱导前、手术开始2 min后、手术结束前2 min的血压、心率和血氧饱和度波动情况;比较两组患者的麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间和不良反应发生情况。结果两组开放静脉一次成功率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.31,P<0.05)。丙泊酚组患儿的收缩压、舒张压、心率在3个不同时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义(F分别=4.01、6.47、14.03,P均<0.05);七氟烷组患儿的收缩压、舒张压、心率在3个不同时间点比较,差异均没有统计学意义(F分别=0.93、0.90、0.21,P均>0.05)。两组患儿麻醉诱导前的收缩压、舒张压、心率的对比,差异均没有统计学意义(t分别=0.17、0.07、0.54,P均>0.05);手术开始2 min后,丙泊酚组患儿的收缩压、舒张压、心率均明显低于麻醉诱导前(t分别=2.65、2.76、5.08,P均<0.05),手术结束前2 min,丙泊酚组的收缩压、舒张压、心率和麻醉诱导前对比,差异均没有统计学意义(t分别=0.17、1.24、1.12,P均>0.05)。七氟烷组患儿麻醉诱导时间明显长于丙泊酚组,而苏醒时间明显短于丙泊酚组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=12.31、12.97,P均<0.05)。两组定向力恢复时间比较,差异没有统计学意义(t=0.24,P>0.05)。丙泊酚组诱导时有3例出现气道不通畅,血氧饱和度下降最低达88%,七氟烷组有2例出现屏气,未出现血氧饱和度下降,两组患者术后均有1例出现恶心呕吐。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉在小儿扁桃体手术诱导平稳,患儿易接受,苏醒较快,且不良反应少,是小儿扁桃体手术较为理想的麻醉方式。