小梁切除联合羊膜移植用于青光眼再手术

目的　观察小梁切除联合羊膜移植术的效果和安全性。方法　对 3 4例 (3 6眼 )青光眼再手术病例施行小梁切除联合羊膜移植术 ,术后随访 1年 ,检查记录术后视力、滤过泡、前房深度、眼压及术后并发症。结果　随访期间眼压由术前的(3 5 2 3± 8 3 )mmHg降至术后的 (15 12± 3 5 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 13 3kPa) ,比术前降低 5 7% ,P <0 0 0 1。术后 1年眼压控制率为91 7% (3 3 / 3 6) ,术后视力提高 2行以上者 5 0 % (18/ 3 6) ,不变者 3 3 3 % (12 / 3 6) ,减退者 16 7% (6/ 3 6) ,保持功能性滤过泡 3 2眼(88 9% ) ,并发症主要为低眼压 (8眼 )和浅前房 (4眼 )。结论　羊膜移植联合小梁切除术可减少滤过道瘢痕形成 ,显著提高手术成功率。用于青光眼再手术安全有效。     

复合小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼68例

目的:探讨复合小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼的效果。方法:难治性青光眼68例(95眼)均采用复合小梁切除术联合羊膜移植术,术后1wk,1mo及1a,检查记录术眼眼压、滤过泡、前房深度情况。结果:术后近期和远期眼压降低良好、视力明显改善并功能性滤过泡形成。术后1wk,I度浅前房3眼,2例前房积血;1mo后随访,浅前房消失,积血吸收。随访1a,全部病例无滤过泡漏、伤口漏,前房形成良好。结论:复合小梁切除术联合羊膜移植可有效降低眼压、改善视力、形成功能性滤过泡、控制术后滤过水平,减少术后并发症发生。     

生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床观察

目的:观察生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床疗效。方法:选择我院46例62眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为两组,A组为观察组32眼,行复合式小梁切除联合生物羊膜植入术,B组为对照组30眼,行复合式小梁切除术。观察术后眼压、滤过泡、视力、前房及角膜、术后并发症。结果:随诊12mo,眼压:两组手术前后各时间点眼压均明显降低(P<0.01)。术后12mo平均眼压:A组为12.3±2.3mmHg,B组为15.7±2.7mmHg,两组术后各时间点眼压无统计学意义(P>0.05)。滤过泡:术后12mo A组功能型滤过泡28眼(88%),B组功能型滤过泡20眼(67%),两组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组发生浅前房5眼(16%),脉络膜脱离2眼(6%),B组浅前房3眼(10%),脉络膜脱离2眼(7%),滤过泡渗漏1眼(3%)。结论:复合式小梁切除术联合生物羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合羊膜移植治疗开角型青光眼

目的 :探讨非穿透性小梁手术 (NPTS)联合羊膜移植治疗开角型青光眼的机制及疗效评价。寻找透明质酸钠凝胶植入材料替代物。方法 :对 18例 2 5只开角型青光眼患者行非穿透性小梁手术联合羊膜移植 ,术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡及眼内反应 ,随访时间最短 30天 ,最长 4 2 0天。结果 :术前 2 5只眼平均眼压为 (38 2± 14 4 )mmHg ,2 5只眼术后 3只眼眼压高于 2 1mmHg ,经降眼压药物治疗后 2只眼仍高达 2 8mmHg以上 ,余眼压均控制在 7～ 2 0mmHg之内 ,术后 2个月手术成功率为 88% ,条件成功率为 92 % ,术后 3个月手术成功率为 82 % ,条件成功率为 88%。术后视力均有显著提高 ,滤过泡扁平弥漫 ,轻微充血。术中、术后未出现浅前房、前房出血、玻璃体脱出、脉络膜脱离等并发症。结论 :非穿透性小梁手术联合羊膜移植能安全、有效地降低眼压 ,为非穿透性小梁手术提供了有效安全植入材料。可广泛用于开角型青光眼的治疗     

复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼

目的 探讨复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 采用复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼患者32例(42眼),术后随访3～12个月,观察患者术后眼压、滤过泡、视力及并发症等情况.结果 术后3个月、12个月平均眼压分别为(13.4±2.8)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、(15.8±3.7)mmHg,与术前(35.6±6.3)mmHg相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P＜0.01);术后3个月、12个月功能性滤过泡分别占90.5%、95.2%;术后3个月、6个月视力较术前均有不同程度提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).术后仅4眼新生血管性青光眼由于滤过泡瘢痕化,经局部加用抗青光眼药物后眼压仍＞21 mmHg;所有患眼均无明显并发症和羊膜移植排斥反应.结论 复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼疗效确切,并发症较少,值得基层医院推广应用.     

改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼

目的 探讨改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 难治性青光眼患者32例(42眼),采用改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗,术后随访3 ～12个月,观察患者术后3个月、6个月的眼压、滤过泡、视力及并发症等情况.结果 术后3个月、12个月眼压分别为(13.4±2.8) mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、(15.8±3.7) mmHg,与术前(35.6±6.3)mmHg相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P＜0.01).术后3个月、6个月功能性滤过泡分别占90.5％、95.2％.术后3个月、6个月视力较术前均有不同程度提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).术后仅4眼新生血管性青光眼由于滤过泡瘢痕化,经局部加用抗青光眼药物后眼压仍大于21 mmHg;所有患眼均无明显并发症和羊膜移植排斥反应.结论 改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼疗效确切,并发症较少.     

生物羊膜移植联合小梁切除术用于青光眼再手术的疗效观察

目的:观察生物羊膜在青光眼再手术中应用的效果和安全性。方法:对31例(33眼)青光眼再手术病例施行小梁切除联合羊膜移植术,术后随访1a,检查记录术后视力、滤过泡、前房深度、眼压及术后并发症。结果:随访期间眼压由术前的(33.18±5.7)mmHg降至术后的(15.23±3.3)mmHg,比术前明显降低(P<0.05);术后1a眼压控制率为94%(31/33),保持功能性滤过泡27眼(82%);并发症主要为低眼压(6眼)和浅前房(4眼)。结论:生物羊膜移植联合小梁切除术可减少滤过道瘢痕形成,显著提高手术成功率,用于青光眼再手术安全有效。     

复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的 观察复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣F羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 对32例(40眼)行复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入,观察术后滤过泡的形成以及眼压变化和并发症的发生.随访3～24个月.结果 滤过泡:Ⅰ、Ⅱ型滤过泡34眼,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型滤过泡6眼;眼压:术后3个月平均眼压(13.2±2.7)mmHg,术后12个月平均眼压(15.6±3.1)mmHg.,结论复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率.     

青光眼小梁切除术中应用羊膜与丝裂霉素C的对比研究

目的　评价羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中的作用 ,寻找抗滤过泡瘢痕化的有效方法。方法　采用随机对照的方法 ,施行标准的小梁切除术 ,将 3 0例 ( 5 0只眼 )闭角型青光眼患者分为羊膜组和丝裂霉素 ( MMC)组各 2 5只眼 ,前者施行小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入术 ,后者在术中一次性应用 MMC,浓度 0 .2～ 0 .4mg/ ml,时间3 m in,随访 6个月。结果　手术成功率 :羊膜组累积完全成功率和条件成功率分别为 84%和 96% ,MMC组的累积完全成功率和条件成功率分别为 60 %和 80 % ( P <0 .0 1)。功能滤过泡的累积存活率羊膜组为 88% ,MMC组为60 % ,两组之间有显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 1)。术后视力 :MMC组术后视力下降者 12只眼 ( 48% ) ,羊膜组则只有 4只眼 ( 16% ) ,两组间差异有显著性 ( P <0 .0 5 )。术后并发症 :羊膜组眼部的副作用小 ,引起的并发症主要有术后浅前房 ;MMC引起的眼部并发症有薄壁滤过泡、滤过泡渗漏、术后浅前房、前房出血、持续性低眼压、低眼压性黄斑病变、白内障等。结论　羊膜应用于小梁切除术可有效地防止滤过泡的瘢痕组织形成 ,并能有效长期保留功能性滤泡 ,且并发症较 MMC少     

小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的观察小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法对28例（35眼）难治性青光眼患者行小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入,观察术后滤过泡的形成、眼压变化、手术成功率和并发症的发生率。结果术后随访12～24个月。滤过泡形成情况：I型滤过泡21眼．Ⅱ型滤过泡9眼,Ⅲ型滤过泡2眼和Ⅳ型滤过泡3眼;其中,功能型滤过泡占85．7％（30／35）,非功能型滤过泡占14．3％（5／35）。眼压情况：术后第3个月,平均眼压（13．1±2．6）mmHg;术后第12个月,平均眼压（15．4±3．1）mmHg。手术总有效率为94．3％（33／35）,主要并发症为前房渗出性反应5眼,前房有少量积血1眼（为新生血管性青光眼）,均在1周内消退。结论小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入术能有效提高难治性青光眼的手术成功率。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.