X射线立体定向放射治疗配合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

目的　分析X射线立体定向放射治疗(SRS)配合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤的作用。方法　对55例脑转移瘤患者进行SRS配合全脑照射,17例行单纯SRS治疗。全脑照射采用8?MVX射线,1.5～2.0 Gy/次,DT30～42 Gy,4～5周;SRS处方剂量为18～30 Gy,SRS前行全脑放射治疗39例,SRS后行全脑放射治疗16例。结果　SRS加全脑照射组病变完全消失(CR)占60.0%,部分消失(PR)占32.7%,无变化(NC)占7.3%,总缓解率(CR+PR)为92.7%;与单纯SRS组的35.0%、41.2%、23.5%、76.2%相比差异无显著性意义（χ2=3.47,P＞0.05）。SRS加全脑照射组复发率为14.5%,中位复发时间为10个月,中位生存时间为13个月;与单纯SRS组的41.2%、4个月、7.5个月相比差异有显著性意义(χ     

389例脑胶质瘤立体定向放射治疗效果评价

背景与目的：脑胶质瘤一般难以通过手术完全切除，随着立体定向放射治疗技术的发展，胶质瘤的治疗趋向于手术联合放疗的综合治疗。本文探讨脑胶质瘤立体定向放射治疗的疗效及不良反应。方法：从1995年6月到1998年12月，用立体定向放射治疗的方法共治疗脑胶质瘤患者389例，其中用立体定向放射外科(stereotactic radiosurgery，SRS)方法治疗151例，分次立体定向放射治疗(fraetionated stereotatic radiotherapy，FSRT)方法治疗238例。SRS组单次周边剂量20—30Gy，靶点1—6个，平均2．48个，照射弧5—21个，平均8．45个；FSRT组每13或隔13照射，每次周边剂量8—12Gy，共照射2—5次，靶点1—6个，平均2．53个，照射弧6-20个，平均8．25个。结果：治疗结束后3个月，SRS组完全缓解21例(13．9％)，部分缓解69例(45．7％)，稳定26例(17．2％)，进展35例(23．2％)，总有效率为76．8％；FSRT组完全缓解47例(19．7％)，部分缓解114例(47．9％)，稳定49例(20．6％)，进展28例(11．8％)，总有效率为88．2％，两组差别有显著性(P=0．020)。全部患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为54．3％、29．3％、16．5％；SRS组和FSRT组的1、3、5年生存率分别为52．3％、26．5％、11．9％和55．5％、31．1％、19．3％，两组差别没有显著性意义(P=0．1417)；放射治疗的主要不良反应为脑水肿，SRS组较FSRT组为重(P=0．027)。结论：立体定向放射治疗对脑胶质瘤有较好的疗效。FSRT与SRS相比，具有疗效好、副作用小的优点。     

肺癌脑转移不同放射治疗方法的疗效分析

［目的］探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效。［方法］１７６例有病理学证实的肺癌脑转移患者分为４组：单纯全脑放疗组(WBRT)、全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科(WBRT＋SRS)，单纯立体定向放射治疗(SRT)，全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT＋SRT)。SRS治疗组，单次靶区平均周边剂量８Gy～２０Gy，总剂量２０Gy～３２Gy；SRT治疗组，单次靶区平均周边剂量２Gy～５Gy，总剂量２５Gy～６０Gy；WBRT组，１．８Gy～２Gy／次，总剂量３０Gy～４０Gy。［结果］４组的局部控制率分别为４７．１％、８７．７％、８６．５％、７８％；中位生存期分别为５．０、１１．０、１１．５、１０．０个月；局部无进展生存期分别为３．３３、８．３３、９．３３、７．６７个月；颅脑无新病灶生存期分别为４．１１、８．５７、９．０３、６．１２个月。单纯全脑放疗组死于脑转移的占５７．６％，较其他３组高。而全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科组的晚期放射反应的发生率为１２．２％，较其它组高。［结论］肺癌单发脑转移瘤患者的最佳治疗方式是单纯立体定向放射治疗。多发脑转移，全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT＋SRT)在提高生存率以及减少并发症方面优于其他治疗方法。     

肺癌脑转移不同放射治疗方式临床分析

目的:探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移瘤的疗效,并结合文献分析.方法:130例肺癌脑转移患者行放射治疗,分全脑照射组(Whole brain radiotherapy WBRT),立体定向放射治疗外科组(Stereotactic radiosurgery SRS),全脑照射 立体定向放射外科治疗外科组(WBRT SRS).全脑照射1.8Gy-2Gy/次,总剂量30-40/15-20天,立体定向放射治疗外科边缘剂量8Gy-22Gy,单次或分次完成;全脑照射 立体定向放射治疗外科治疗组,先WBRT2Gy-2.2Gy/次,总剂量30Gy-44Cy/3-4周,之后SRS治疗,单次靶区边缘剂量8Gy-12Gy.结果:三组病例局部控制率分别为49.9%,81.6%和85%,中位生存期分别为5个月,11个月及12.3个月.结论:对于肺癌脑转移,SRS及WBRT SRS治疗在局部控制率和生存率上明显优于WBRT.     

三维适形放疗与立体定向放射外科治疗脑胶质瘤初步临床分析

目的分析三维适形放疗(3DCRT)与立体定向放射外科(SRS)对于不能手术切除或拒绝手术治疗的脑胶质瘤的疗效。方法对46例不能手术或拒绝接受手术治疗的脑胶质瘤患者随机分为两组,3DCRT组24例,SRS组22例。3DCRT组施行三维适形放疗,SRS组施行立体定向放射外科治疗。结果3DCRT组患者1、2、3年生存率分别是91.7%、54.2%和8.3%,SRS组分别是80.9%、47.6%、4.8%,两组间比较无显著性差异(P=0.6487)。3DCRT组放射性脑水肿发生率为66.7%,SRS组为95.5%,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论3DCRT与SRS放射治疗脑胶质瘤生存率相似。SRS放射性脑水肿反应明显高于3DCRT,3DCRT较SRS易为患者耐受。采用非手术疗法治疗脑胶质瘤,3DCRT可能是一种适宜的放射治疗方法。     

X射线立体定向放射治疗多发脑转移瘤的价值

目的　探讨X射线立体定向放射治疗多发脑转移瘤的疗效。方法　在 4种预后因素(年龄、治疗前卡氏评分、有无其他部位转移及转移灶数目 )相同或相似的条件下 ,配对选择两组病例。X射线立体定向放射治疗加常规放射治疗组 (研究组 )和常规放射治疗组 (对照组 )各 53例。在研究组中 ,X射线立体定向放射治疗采用单次照射 40例 ,分次照射 1 3例 ;单次靶区平均周边剂量为 2 0Gy,分次照射剂量为 4～ 1 2Gy/次 ,2次 /周 ,总剂量为 1 5～ 30Gy。X射线立体定向放射治疗结束后即开始全脑放射治疗。对照组采用全脑照射 30～ 40Gy,3～ 4周。结果　研究组和对照组中位生存期分别为1 1 .6、6 .7个月 (P <0 .0 5) ;1年生存率分别为 44 .3 %、1 7.1 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;1年局部控制率分别为50 .9%、1 3 .2 % (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗后 1个月卡氏评分增加者分别占 69.8%、30 .2 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;治疗后 3个月影像学上的有效率分别为 82 .0 %、55 .0 % (P <0 .0 1 )。在死因分析中 ,研究组死于脑转移的占2 3 .3 % ,比对照组的 51 .0 %低 (P <0 .0 5)。两组病例放射并发症的发生率相似。结论　对于多发脑转移瘤 ,X射线立体定向放射治疗加常规放射疗在提高局部控制率、延长生存期和提高生存质量方面均优于单纯放射治疗。     

立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移疗效分析

目的探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效.方法176例由病理学证实的肺癌脑转移患者分为4组:单纯全脑放疗(WBRT)组、全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科(WBRT SRS)组、单纯立体定向放射治疗(SRT)组、全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT SRT)组.SRS治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量8～20Gy,总剂量20～32Gy;SRT治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量2～5Gy,总剂量25～60Gy;WBRT1.8～2Gy/次,总剂量30～40Gy.结果四组的局部控制率分别为47.0%、87.7%、86.5%和78.0%;中位生存期分别为5.0,11.0,11.5和10.0个月;局部无进展生存期分别为3.33,8.33,9.33和7.67个月;颅脑无新病灶生存期分别为4.11,8.57,9.03和6.12个月.在死因分析中,WBRT组死于脑转移的比率为57.6%,较其他三组高.而WBRT SRS组的晚期放射反应的发生率为12.2%,较其他组高.结论肺癌单发脑转移瘤患者的最佳治疗方式是单纯立体定向放射治疗,治疗失败后再行挽救性全脑照射或立体定向放疗.对于多发脑转移,全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT SRT)在提高生存率以及减少并发症方面优于其他治疗方法.     

放疗后残存、复发鼻咽癌的立体定向放射治疗

目的 评价对鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后局部残存。区域复发进行立体定向放射治疗的临床价值和毒副作用。方法 对33例鼻咽癌放射治疗后局部残存，区域复发的患者，应用大恒公司生产的立体定向放射治疗系统，6MVX线，60%-90%为参考剂量曲线，肿瘤边缘分次剂量为3-8Gy(中位数：6Gy)，间隔1-2天，总剂量为12-48Gy(中位数：31Gy)/3-13次（中位数：6或次），靶体积为4.2-45.0cm^3(中位数：18.7cm^3)。患者分为3个组；A组11例为首程根治性放射治疗后6个月内经鼻咽镜，CT或MRI检查发现仍有较大肿块残存；B组组13例为首程根治性放射治疗后6个月以上区域复发者；C组9例为根治性放射治疗后复发行二程放射治疗后6个月以上再次复发者。结果 全部33例患者CR为54.5%,PR为33.3%,NC为12.1%。A组CR为63.6%,PR为36.4%,NC为0，B组CR为61.5%,PR为23.1%,NC为15.4%。C组CR为33.3%,PR为44.4%,NC为22.2%,A,B,C组3年生存率分别为72.7%,32.3%,33.3%。鼻咽部大出血的发生率为12.1%(4/33)。结论 鼻咽癌放射治疗后局部残存。区域复发，采用立体定向放射治疗推量治疗或单一治疗是1种有效的方法。鼻咽部大出血是其严重的并发症。     

立体定向放射治疗中晚期肺癌近期疗效观察

目的　比较立体定向放谢治疗与普遍放疗对不能手术的中晚期肺癌的近期疗效。方法　 49例立体定向放疗组 (适形组 ) ,采用CT模拟定位技术和立体适形放疗技术 8MVX线 ,单次剂量 5 0 0～80 0cGY ,隔日照射 ,共 8～ 10次 ,疗程 14～ 2 1天 ,总量 80 0 0cGY ,对照组 49例 8MVX线 ,常规照射 ,每日2 0 0cGY ,疗程 40～ 45天 ,总量 6 0 0 0cGY。结果　治疗结束后 4～ 8周观察疗效。适形组 :完全缓解率CR44 9% ,CR +PR(总有效率 ) 89 8% ,对照组 :完全缓解率CR2 4 5 % ,CR +PR(总有效率 ) 6 9 4%。 1年后的局控率 :适形组 5 3 1% ,对照组 30 6 %。结论　立体定向放射治疗能有效提高中晚期肺癌的局部控制率 ,改善临床症状。提高生存质量 ,近期疗效满意。     

38例癌性上腔静脉综合征放疗疗效分析

目的探讨放疗配合低剂量化疗对38例癌性上腔静脉综合征病人的治疗方法及疗效.方法采用6MV X线照射,28例行常规放疗,前后对穿照射,10例行立体定向适形放疗.总剂量40～72GY.低剂量化疗采用顺铂20mg放疗第一天开始静输,连续5天.结果38例病人CR23例(60.5%);PR10例(26.3%);其中常规放疗组CR15/28(53.6%);PR8/28(28.6%);立体定向适形放疗CR8/10(80%);1/10(10%),放射性肺炎发生率:常规放疗6/28(21.4%);立体定向适形放疗0/10,总有效率(CR+PR)为86.8(33/38),平均缓解期为19.6个月.结论放射治疗并低剂量化疗可使造成上腔静脉综合征的瘤体迅速缩小,受压症状很快消失,较以往单独化疗或单独放疗比,疗效好,缓解期长.立体定向适形放疗的近期并发症要明显低于常规放射治疗,不失为上腔静脉压迫综合征临床有效治疗手段.     

389例脑胶质瘤立体定向放射治疗效果评价

Objective： To investigate the treatment effectiveness and side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy for brain glioma. Methods： From Jun. 1995 to Dec. 1998, 389 cases of brain gliomas were treated by stereotactic radiotherapy, among which 151 cases were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery （SRS） and the other 238 cases, by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy （FSRT）. In the SRS group, the marginal tumor dose was 20 to 30 Gy （median, 2.6 Gy）. One to 6 isocenters （median, 2.48） and 5 to 21 irradiation arcs （median, 8.45） were applied. In the FSRT group, the per-fraction marginal tumor dose was 8 to 12 Gy with 1 to 6 isocenters （median, 2.53）, 6 to 20 irradiation arcs （median, 8.25） and 2-5 fractions delivered everyday or every other day. Results： Three months after treatment, the complete and partial response rates were 13.9% and 45.7% in SRS group respectively. The stable disease rate was 17.2%. The total effective rate was 76.8%. In FSRT group, the complete and partial remission rates were 19.7% and 47.9% respectively. The stable disease rate was 20.6%. The total effective rate was 88.2%. The total effective rate of FSRT group was higher than that in SRS group （X^2=9.874, P=0.020）. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate of all patients was 54.3%, 29.3%, 16.5% respectively. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate in SRS group and FSRT group was 52.3% vs 26.5%, 11.9% vs 55.5%, and 31.1 vs 19.3% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups （X^2=2.16, P=0.1417）. The brain edema caused by the main radiation was more severe in the SRS group than in FSRT group （X^2=4.916, P=0.027）. Conclusion： It is effective for brain glioma to be treated by stereotactic radiotherapy. Compared with SRS, the FSRT has the advantage of good effect and less side response.     

Stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy: comparison of efficacy and toxicity in 260 patients with brain metastases

We retrospectively evaluated and compared the efficacy and the toxicity profile of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for the treatment of patients with brain metastases (BM). Between 2000 and 2009, 260 patients with 1-3 BM were treated using either SRS (median dose 20 Gy; n = 138) or two different FSRT dose concepts: 7 × 5 Gy (n = 61) or 10 × 4 Gy (n = 61). The median survival for SRS, 7 × 5 Gy and 10 × 4 Gy was 8, 7 and 10 months (p = 0.575), respectively, and the overall survival (OS) was 9 months. Follow-up imaging data were available in 214 of the 260 patients. The 1-year local progression-free survival (LPFS) was 73, 75 and 71 %, respectively (p = 0.191). After a mean follow-up of 28 months (range: 2.1-77 months), the rate of complete remission, partial remission, stable disease and progressive disease were 29, 40, 21 and 10 %, respectively. On multivariate analysis, RPA class I was associated with better OS and regional progression-free survival (both p < 0.001). SRS was associated with a higher toxicity rate (grade I-III) compared to the 7 × 5 Gy and 10 × 4 Gy groups (14 vs. 6 vs. 2 %, respectively; p = 0.01). Although FSRT was used for large lesions and/or lesions near critical structures, the LPFS was comparable to SRS. Importantly, FSRT presented low toxicity and appears to be an effective and safe treatment for BM not amenable to SRS. The 10 × 4 Gy fractionation scheme warrants further investigation due to its efficacy and safe toxicity profile.     

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of optic pathway gliomas: tolerance and long-term outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of fractionated stereotactically guided radiotherapy (FSRT) in the management of optic glioma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifteen patients with optic pathway gliomas were treated with FSRT at our institution between 1990 and 2003. A median target dose of 52.2 Gy (range, 45.2-57.6 Gy) was applied using a median fractionation of 5 fractions of 1.8 Gy weekly using a linear accelerator. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 97 months (range, 8-151 months). Of the 15 patients, 1 died of tumor progression during the follow-up period. The progression-free survival rate at 3 and 5 years was 92% and 72%, respectively. The median overall survival after FSRT was 90 months (range, 8-151 months). The 5-year survival rate after FSRT was 90%. We did not observe secondary malignancies. CONCLUSION: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was safe and well tolerated in all patients. The good tumor control and the potential of sparing normal brain tissue, especially the pituitary gland in lesions involving the optic chiasm, permit effective treatment of patients with optic nerve gliomas. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the incidence of late effects fully.     

Single dose versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas by comparing two different treatment regimens, single dose or fractionated radiotherapy.

Methods and Materials: Between April 1991 and January 1998, 71 patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas were treated with SRT. Forty-six patients (65%) were treated with single dose radiosurgery (SRS) and 25 patients (35%) with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). For the SRS group, the median radiosurgical dose of 17 Gy was delivered to the median of 50% isodose surface (IDS) encompassing the target. For the FSRT group, the median dose of 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions was delivered to the median of 85% IDS.

Results: Actuarial median survival time was 11 months for the SRS group and 12 months for the FSRT group (p = 0.3, log-rank test). Variables predicting longer survival were younger age (p = 0.006), lower grade (p = 0.0006), higher Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) (p = 0.0005), and smaller tumor volume (p = 0.02). Patients in the SRS group had more favorable prognostic factors, with median age of 48 years, KPS of 70, and tumor volume of 10 ml versus median age of 53 years, KPS of 60, and tumor volume of 25 ml in the FSRT group. Late complications developed in 14 patients in the SRS group and 2 patients in the FSRT group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Given that FSRT patients had comparable survival to SRS patients, despite having poorer pretreatment prognostic factors and a lower risk of late complications, FSRT may be a better option for patients with larger tumors or tumors in eloquent structures. Since this is a nonrandomized study, further investigation is needed to confirm this and to determine an optimal dose/fractionation scheme.     

伽玛刀治疗肺癌脑转移瘤生存与预后分析

目的:分析伽玛刀治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者的生存及预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析行伽玛刀治疗的56例肺癌脑转移瘤患者,单纯SRS组22例,单纯SRT组16例,联合全脑放疗(WBRT)组9例,行伽玛刀挽救组7例,行联合WBRT挽救组2例。Log rank法单因素分析影响预后的因素。结果:全组经治疗后6月、1年生存率分别为50%、10%,中位生存期为6个月。单纯SRS、单纯SRT、SRS联合WBRT、SRS/SRT挽救组、SRS+WBRT挽救组6月生存率分别为59%、55%、40%、33%、0%,中位生存期分别为8、9、6、5、3个月（P=0.005）。其中,SRS对SRT（P=0.157）、SRS对SRS+WBRT（P=0.551）、SRT对SRS+WBRT（P=0.266）、SRS/SRT挽救组对SRS+WBRT挽救组（P=0.177）无统计学意义。单因素分析显示影响总生存率的因素有原发灶的控制情况、病理、中枢外转移情况、KPS评分、RPA分级、病灶所处位置、前期化疗、前期颅内治疗、病灶数目(P=0.000、0.013、0.002、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.043、0.011、0.037)。多因素分析显示KPS评分、原发灶控制、病理、前期颅内处理影响生存（P=0.000、0.005、0.006、0.002）。结论:用伽玛刀行单次SRS或分次SRT或与WBRT联合治疗在对生存获益上相似;KPS评分、原发灶控制情况、病理类型、前期颅内处理是影响生存的主要因素。     

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for acoustic neuroma: single-institution experience at The Princess Margaret Hospital

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) was assessed for acoustic neuroma in 60 patients treated in a single institution. METHODS: Between October 1996 and February 2005, 60 patients received FSRT for acoustic neuroma (AN). The mean total dose applied was 50 Gy in single daily 2-Gy fractions over 5 weeks. The median irradiated tumor volume was 4.9 cm(3) (range, 0.3-49.0 cm(3)). The median follow-up period was 31.9 months. RESULTS: FSRT was well tolerated in all patients. The 5-year actuarial local control rate was 96.2% (95% CI: 91.1%-100.0%). Five-year actuarial progression-free survival was 92.8% (95% CI: 84.8%-100.0%). The overall hearing preservation rate was 77.3%. Five of 6 patients with initial cranial nerve V (CNV) numbness remained stable post-FSRT. Two of 3 patients with baseline trigeminal neuralgia improved with the remaining patient stable. All 3 patients with nonsurgically related facial nerve weakness either improved or achieved stability in function. There were no cases of new cranial nerve toxicity post-FSRT. CONCLUSIONS: FSRT for the treatment of AN is safe, effective, and well tolerated. FSRT should thus be considered as an effective alternative treatment modality when compared with microsurgical resection or single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery.     

82例脑胶质瘤立体定向放射治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨立体定向放射治疗（SRT）对于脑胶质瘤患者的治疗效果。方法采用SRT治疗82例脑胶质瘤，其中初治63例，复治19例。所有患者均采用分次立体定向放射治疗（FSRT）。中位照射剂量46Gy，中位随访期为25个月（12-36个月）。结果全组局部病灶控制率为68．3％（56／82），中位生存期（MST）为12．5个月。初治和复治者MST分别为19．5和9．5个月。1年生存率为58．5％（48／82）。结论SRT可有效控制局部病灶，可作为瘤体较小、边界较清楚胶质瘤的一种安全有效治疗手段。     

伽马刀FSRT颅内囊变型转移瘤的临床分析

目的 分析伽马刀FSRT在颅内囊变性转移瘤治疗中的作用。方法 对2013—2015年间治疗的 189例颅脑转移瘤373个病灶筛选出 40例伴有61个囊变性转移灶者。所有病灶均采用伽马刀FSRT,50%等剂量线定义为处方剂量线,处方剂量 40~48 Gy分 10~12次。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验单因素分析。结果 中位随访21个月(6~39个月),中位生存期15.3个月,6个月、1、2年LC率分别为93%、82%,79%,1、2年生存率分别为63%、30%。单因素分析显示囊变体积、病灶体积与LC率均无关(P=0.17、0.48)。结论 采用伽玛刀治疗脑囊变性转移瘤具有与实体转移瘤相似的有效率,LC率与安全性值得临床借鉴与应用。