锥形瓣加强胆管空肠Y型吻合术后抗返流

目的 探讨锥形瓣预防Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术(CJ)术后返流性胆管炎的可行性及临床疗效。方法 在CJ术同时施行锥形瓣成形术86例，其中男性33例，女性53例；平均年龄38岁。严格遵循CJ适应证及手术原则。将胆支空肠预作Y型吻合、系膜缘侧1．5cm处向对系膜缘侧前后肠壁作等腰三角形切除，近侧游离断端封闭，远侧游离断端与胃十二指肠支空肠作端端吻合，两支空肠并行固定。胆支空肠下端斜形断面与胃十二指肠支空肠肠壁形成的斜形隔和胆支空肠下端开口处空肠粘膜皱蓑形成锥形瓣。术后因合并症死亡2例，其余84例术后通过碘液胆管造影、钡餐胃肠道造影、随访返流性胆管炎临床表现，观察锥形瓣抗返流情况。结果 锥形瓣引流通畅、排空好、无返流，无返流性胆管炎临床表现。结论 锥形瓣手术安全，无直接手术并发症，抗返流效果确切，缩短了胆支空肠长度。     

胆肠丫型吻合改良矩型瓣抗返流的应用

报告采用改良矩型瓣预防胆肠丫型吻合术后返流性胆管炎，方法是完成胆肠丫型吻合后，于空肠端侧吻合口两侧，分别向上纵行切开胆侧支空肠浆肌层各５ｃｍ长。将吻合口近端两支空肠并拔１０ｃｍ，并缝合固定。其中纵形切开的浆肌层仅缝合外侧缘。通过１９例临床观察，无返流性胆管炎发生，并发症少，操作简便。     

胰十二指肠切除术改进胰肠及胃肠吻合方式52例观察

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术改进胰肠及胃肠吻合方式对患者近期和远期并发症的影响。方法对52例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者进行消化道重建,方式为胰肠、胆肠和胃肠顺序。胰肠吻合在完成胰十二指肠切除后,游离胰腺残端2．5～3．0cm,将准备与胰腺吻合的空肠袢断端浆肌层剥除,制成黏膜瓣,长度与胰腺断面前后径相当,施行黏膜瓣覆盖胰腺断面的套叠式胰空肠端端吻合术;胃肠吻合是在胃或十二指肠球部与胰胆侧肠袢之间问置30cm空肠施行胃肠道重建。结果术后发生胰漏2例（3．8％）,经充分引流并给予生长抑素、肠内营养等保守治疗愈合,无腹腔感染及大出血等严重并发症。术后随访3年,随访率为88．5％（46／52）,术后半年95．0％（38／40）的患者消化吸收功能基本正常,营养状况良好,未发生逆行性胆管炎、胆汁反流性胃炎、胃肠吻合口溃疡。结论施行胰十二指肠切除消化道重建过程中,采用黏膜瓣覆盖胰腺断面的套叠式胰空肠端端吻合术有助于减少胰漏等近期并发症在胃或十二指肠球部与胰胆侧肠袢之间间置空肠,可减少胃肠道反流等远期并发症。     

联合抗返流术在胆肠 Roux-Y吻合中的临床应用

目的评价联合抗返流术在胆肠Roux-Y吻合中抗肠液返流的效果.方法对1995～2000年在胆肠Roux-Y吻合术的基础上采用短Roux-Y肠袢与近段空肠半环切开同步吻合、Roux-Y肠袢中段顺蠕动人工套叠等联合术式治疗的18例胆管结石并狭窄的临床资料进行分析.结果全组病例术后随访至今均无再狭窄、返流性胆管炎、盲端综合征发生.钡餐检查均无钡剂返流,并发十二指肠球部溃疡1例,术后残余结石1例,经胆道镜取净.结论在胆肠Roux-Y吻合术中附加本联合术式可以明显地提高其抗返流能力,提高手术治疗胆管结石并狭窄的远期疗效.     

间置空肠代胆管在胆道外科的应用

为预防胆道内引流术后肠胆反流发生,对143例需行胆道内引流的病人,选择间置空肠代胆管和人工乳头术,其中胆总管狭窄65例,胆总管囊性扩张症60例,胆总管损伤15例,胆管癌切除5例。通过观察：①胆管和十二指肠引流液淀粉酶测定;②碘剂T管造影;③钡餐造影;④十二指肠镜检。发现间质空肠组胆管液淀粉酶值明显低于十二指肠液;造影剂及钡剂不向空肠段返流。130例人工乳头呈半球形或扁平形粉红色粘膜突起,15例乳头萎缩;术后无上腹痛、低烧、黄疸等慢性胆管炎和再梗阻症状。认为间置空肠代胆管和人工乳头术能有效控制肠、胆返流,从而减少返流性胆管炎的发生。     

返流性胆管炎与胆肠吻合术

目的 探讨返流性胆管炎的病因、治疗与胆肠吻合术的关系。方法 回顾性研究74例返流性胆管炎的病因、病理、治疗方法和效果。结果 胆道返流的主要原因为胆总管十二指肠吻合(19例)或Oddi括约肌切开(2例)术后和Oddi括约肌松弛，失去抗返流功能(53例)。反复胆道返流可导致肝胆系统急慢性炎症、结石再发。行胆管空肠Roux—en—Y型吻合术38例和胃部分切除胃空肠吻合术20例，观察6年半的优良率为83％。结论 反复胆道返流与胆管炎和结石再发密切相关，通过外科手术消除或减轻胆道返流因素，可获得良好的效果。     

对《带血管蒂空肠1∶1∶1“9”型代胃术》的一点看法

读实用外科杂志1984年4卷1期刊登的《带血管蒂空肠1:1:1“9”型代胃术》一文后,有些不同看法,提出与作者商榷。 1.本术式可能会发生碱性返流性食管炎。本术式食管空肠吻合口距十二指肠空肠吻合口虽有30cm,但远侧空肠臂仅15cm。碱性消化液完全可以经过该空肠臂返流至空肠端侧吻合口,经空肠的逆向蠕动支,使其逆流至食管空肠吻合口,反复刺激其食管下段,引起碱性返流性食管炎。我们认为只要存在碱性消化液返流至食管空肠吻合口并反复刺激这样一种     

保留幽门胆管胃肠双改道治疗乳头旁憩室

目的 探讨治疗乳头旁憩室的一种术式效果。方法 于幽门下３ｃｍ断十二指肠，其远端与横断的胆总地端端或端侧吻合，Ｔｒｉｔｚ断空肠，远端空肠与近端十二指肠行端端吻合，距此吻合口下４９ｃｍ处行近端空肠与空肠侧吻合。结果 本组手术死亡，仅１例出现吻合口水肿，２例发生胃排空障碍，经保守治疗后缓解。     

抗返流管置入内引流治疗恶性胆道梗阻

目的:探讨应用抗返流管行姑息性胆肠内引流,对胆道恶性肿瘤术后返流性胆管炎的防治效果 。方法:将自行研制的抗返流装置应用于26例姑息性胆肠内引流术,观察术后返流性胆管炎的发生情况 。结果:20例得到减黄,抗返流效果确实,术后造影结果证实无返流 。结论:自行研制的抗返流装置能预防姑息性胆肠内引流术后返流性胆管炎。     

胆肠吻合防返流矩形瓣设计与应用

防返流矩形瓣原为Roux-Y胆肠吻合设计。Y的两升支并拢缝合前,先切除胆道支邻侧的浆肌层,则使缝合后的共同肠壁被压迫偏向胆道侧而形成矩形瓣。不但能防止肠膨胀引起的返流,也能防止肠蠕动引起的返流。此瓣原为治疗先天性胆总管囊肿及胆道闭锁,现在也用于其它防返流手术,如胃食管返流的Nissen胃底折迭术,结肠代食道,肠梗阻短路侧吻合,及可控性回肠造口。详细介绍了技术操作。     

Cysts of the common bile duct in children

From 1975 to 1989 operations were carried out in the clinic by various methods on 30 children with cysts of the common bile duct. Hepaticoor choledochojejunostomy after Roux is the operation of choice in cysts of the choledochus. However, recurrent cholangitis caused by jejunobiliary reflux was encountered in some patients in the postoperative period. The accumulated clinical experience has also shown that the Roux type operation does not guarantee a successful functional result. To prevent reflux of the intestinal contents into the biliary tract after Roux's anastomosis, the authors used an antireflux valve on the excluded loop of the jejunum. Experimental study was undertaken of the theoretically substantiated antireflux valve on an excluded loop of the type of a "nonspilling inkpot" with a shortened loop. The creation of an antireflux valve in the form of an invaginated segment prevents jejunobiliary reflux and therefore provides the possibility for reducing significantly the length of the excluded loop in Roux's biliodigestive anastomoses. The obtained positive results confirm the rationality of this construction which does not need additional time for the operation. Since 1987 four children have been operated on by this method in the clinic. The length of the excluded loop was reduced from 30 to 15 cm. Postoperative complications linked with reflux into the biliary system were not encountered.     

Intussusception-type antireflux valve in the Roux-en-Y loop to prevent ascending cholangitis after hepatic portojejunostomy

An intussusception-type antireflux valve was created in the Roux-en-Y loop in 23 infants with biliary atresia (17 new cases, and six others after episodes of ascending cholangitis) and 10 patients with congenital bile duct dilatation, in order to prevent ascending cholangitis after hepatic portojejunostomy. Mesenteric blood vessels were divided in a 4 cm length of the Roux-en-Y loop, and the distal 1.5 cm of this portion was further denuded of the seromuscular layer; an antireflux valve was thus established by invaginating the proximal portion into the denuded jejunum. No case, in which this technique was used, was associated with any surgical complications, and ascending cholangitis never developed in any of the 17 new cases with biliary atresia, during an average follow-up of 32 months.     

肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术的临床与实验研究

目的验证肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术的抗返流作用.方法16只犬被分为3组A组行肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术;B组行胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术胆支肠管加抗返流套叠瓣;C组行单纯胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.术后测量3种术式的胆道顺流压和逆流压.临床上采用囊肿切除,肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术治疗13例胆总管囊肿患儿.结果A组的逆流压明显高于B、C组(P＜0.01).临床治疗13例患儿,术后2周有1例出现胆道积气,4年后出现胆道返流症状并发胆管结石,余12例经3.5～7.5年随访,无任何不适的症状.结论肝管十二指肠吻合粘膜乳头成型术具有并发症少及抗返流作用强等优点.     

Complications of the Afferent Antireflux Valve Mechanism in the Kock Ileal Reservoir

Purpose

Since 1982 the Kock ileal reservoir has been the primary form of urinary diversion in patients requiring lower urinary tract reconstruction at our institution. The intussuscepted afferent nipple valve of the Kock ileal reservoir is designed to prevent reflux and protect the upper urinary tract. Problems associated specifically with the afferent antireflux valve have been few. We defined and characterized all complications associated with the Kock pouch antireflux nipple valve.

Materials and Methods

From November 1984 through July 1992, 802 patients underwent construction of a continent Kock ileal reservoir. All complications associated with the afferent antireflux valve in this group and their management were identified.

Results

Overall, 79 of 802 patients (9.8 percent) had a total of 84 complications of the afferent antireflux valve (10.4 percent), including formation of stones on staples securing the afferent nipple valve in 42 cases (5.2 percent), stenosis of the afferent valve in 35 (4.3 percent) and prolapse of the valve in 7 (0.9 percent). A total of 81 patients required surgical intervention to correct the afferent valve complication: 56 (7.0 percent) were treated endoscopically and 25 (3.1 percent) required open surgical revision.

Conclusions

We report an overall complication rate of 10.4 percent associated with the afferent antireflux nipple valve in the Kock ileal reservoir. Most complications can be treated endoscopically without difficulty on an outpatient basis with the use of local sedation. With these results, and only a 3 percent incidence of open surgical correction of all afferent nipple problems, we encourage the continued use of the intussuscepted afferent nipple valve whenever continent urinary diversion is performed.     

回盲部间置重建胆道治疗胆总管囊肿的远期疗效观察

目的 为建立一种生理性预防胆肠返流的装置,应用遥回盲部间置重建胆道治疗先天性胆总管囊肿,利用回盲瓣的生理功能防止胆肠返流。方法 切除胆总管囊肿之后,游离回盲部,两部切断形成一个带血管的回盲段,向上翻转间置于肝管十二指肠之间,以重建胆道。结果 临床应用８例病人,术后经钡餐、Ｂ超检查及３￣８年随访,防返流效果良好,无痛及胆道感染表现。结论 回盲部间置重建胆道防返流效果可靠,安全可行无并发症。     

Effectiveness of an intussusceptive antireflux valve to prevent ascending cholangitis after hepatic portojejunostomy in biliary atresia

An intussusceptive antireflux valve was created in the Roux-en-Y loop at the same time as the hepatic portojejunostomy (Kasai procedure) for the purpose of preventing ascending cholangitis in 14 new cases of biliary atresia and in 6 long-term survivors of the Kasai operation after episodes of ascending cholangitis. Ascending cholangitis did not develop in any of the 13 new patients who showed bile outflow following a modified Kasai procedure with antireflux valve nor in 5 of 6 patients who had secondary valve implementation. Postmortem examination of a patient with a valve who died 2 years 3 months after surgery showed that the structure of the valve was intact and that the valve still was quite effective as an antireflux mechanism.     

Laparoscopic reoperation following unsuccessful antireflux surgery in childhood

We determine the feasibility of laparoscopic revision surgery in children following previous open and laparoscopic antireflux operations. To give an objective overview about this topic, we analyzed the outcome of 15 children (8 girls and 7 boys) who had undergone attempted laparoscopic revision between 4 and 72 months (median 16 months) after a previous antireflux operation. Seven patients had previously undergone an open antireflux procedure (4 Nissen fundoplication; 3 Thal procedure) and 8 a laparoscopic procedure (5 Nissen; 3 Toupet's procedure). Two of these children were mentally handicapped. The indications for revision were: recurrent reflux, 5; valve migration, 5; valve dismount, 5. Eight procedures comprised construction of a new Nissen fundoplication and in 7 cases a Toupet's procedure was performed. Revision was successfully completed laparoscopically in 10 cases, 7 of 8 patients following a previous laparoscopic procedure and in 3 of 7 following a previous open operation. Operating time ranged between 70 and 140 minutes (median 90 minutes). No perioperative complications occurred in either group. All patients were discharged within 3 to 4 days after the redo procedure. Follow-up time varied between 6 months and 7 yrs. Preoperative symptoms were relieved in all patients and all antireflux medication has been discontinued, except in two cases that still had rare symptoms. Although technically challenging, laparoscopic reoperation for recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease can be performed safely and with good results, in the hands of experienced endoscopic surgeons. Reoperation is likely to be more difficult following failure of an open procedure than after failure of a laparoscopic one. Concerning the type of procedure, redo surgery is more difficult to perform after Nissen's than after Toupet's or Thal's procedure.     

囊肿切除空肠间置加矩形瓣术治疗178例胆总管囊肿远期疗效的评价

目的 对胆总管囊肿采用囊肿切除,空肠间置加矩形瓣术式远期疗效作一评价。方法 对我院178例先天性胆总管囊肿采用囊肿切除,空肠间置加矩形瓣术后不同时期进行随访。复查重点：（1）上消化道造影,观察有无返流及返流程度。（2）因保守治疗无效,被迫再次手术。结果 随访142例,占79．8％。综合评价结果：症状消失21例,占4．8％;轻度异常26例,占8．3％;中度异常51例,占35．9％;严重异常28例,占9．0％;再手术16例,占11．3％／。结论 该术式的优点：近1－2年内有一定的抗返流作用,切除囊肿,预防癌变,重建胆道,合乎生理要求;不足之处：远期无抗返流作用,可发生胆道逆行感染、胆道梗阻、甚至穿孔、发生结石的患儿有逐年增加的趋势。     

Early complications after hepatic porto-jejunostomy in biliary atresia

Postoperative complications which developed within three years after hepatic porto-jejunostomy (Kasai's operation) in 126 patients of biliary atresia were analyzed. Ascending cholangitis developed in 47 of 97 bile excreted patients. The excretion of bile ceased in another 18 patients without any symptom of cholangitis. Adhesive ileus, bleeding from the porta hepatis, wound dehiscence, and anastomotic leak developed less frequently. The mortality rate of the patients with these complications, especially with cholangitis or with cessation of the bile excretion, was extremely high; twenty nine (62%) out of 47 patients with cholangitis, and 14(78%) out of 18 patients with cessation of the bile excretion died. On the other hand, the mortality rate in 24 patients with bile excretion but without any postoperative complication was only 8% (2 patients). An intussusception type antireflux valve in the Roux-en-Y loop was effective for preventing cholangitis; cholangitis developed in none of 8 patients with an anti-reflux valve, whereas cholangitis developed in 25(48%) of recent 52 patients without a valve.     

不同胆道重建方式治疗先天性胆管扩张症的疗效对比研究

目的比较肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术、改良肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术+矩形瓣术3种胆道重建方式治疗先天性胆管扩张症的临床效果。 方法选择恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院2010年10月至2013年7月收治的90例先天性胆管扩张症患者,随机分为A组（行肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术）、B组（行改良肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术）和C组（采取肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术+矩形瓣术）,各30例。比较3组治疗总有效率、抗反流效果、手术时间、出血量、住院时间、近期并发症发生率,术后长期随访,评价3组患者的远期疗效及并发症总发生率。 结果B组与C组的治疗总有效率分别为93.3%和96.7%,优于A组的73.3%,差异有统计学意义（Z=10.881,P<0.01）。B组与C组反流性胆管炎分别为13.3%和10.0%,低于A组的36.7%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.917,P=0.019）。3组手术时间、出血量、住院时间的差异无统计学意义（F=0.795、2.217、2.919,P=0.454、0.115、0.059）。A、B、C组的近期并发症分别为26.7%（8/30）、20.0%（6/30）和13.3%（4/30）,差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.667,P=0.435）。随访时间1.5~4年,平均（2.8±1.2）年,C组远期并发症总发生率为13.3%（4/30）,显著低于A组的43.3%（13/30）、B组的40.0%（12/30）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.428,P=0.024）。 结论肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术+矩形瓣术治疗先天性胆管扩张症具有良好抗反流作用且远期并发症少,效果理想。