洛铂对头颈鳞状细胞癌细胞株增殖抑制作用的体外研究

化疗是复发转移性头颈鳞状细胞癌的主要治疗手段之一.含顺铂(DDP)的化疗方案是目前一线标准方案.洛铂(LBP)是最新的第3代铂类抗肿瘤药物,研究发现LBP对口腔鳞状细胞癌、喉癌和鼻咽癌有明显抗肿瘤活性,其中LBP单药或联合吉西他滨治疗复发转移性鼻咽癌的疗效与DDP相近,但不良反应更加轻微,患者耐受性更好,提示LBP在头颈鳞状细胞癌治疗中可能具有良好的应用前景[1-3].本研究通过体外实验,观察洛铂对头颈鳞状细胞癌细胞株增殖的抑制作用,以期初步探索LBP治疗头颈鳞状细胞癌的理论依据.     

DNA损伤修复与铂类耐药研究进展

铂类是非小细胞肺癌化疗的基本药物，它的耐药机制复杂，其中 DNA损伤修复能力改变是铂类耐药的重要分子基础。全文综述DNA损伤修复机制——碱基切除修复、恢苷酸切除修复、酶修复及DNA双链断裂修复等研究进展。     

NSCLC化疗敏感性的分子指标及临床意义

针对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)标准化疗方案有长春瑞滨/铂类、吉西他滨/铂类、紫杉类药物/铂类等。由于遗传异质性的存在,同一种化疗方案化疗的敏感性差异很大。本文从药物遗传学及药物基因组学对现化疗常用药物(铂类、吉西他滨、紫杉类及长春瑞滨)耐药机制、化疗敏感性分子指标及临     

LncRNA与肿瘤铂类耐药关系的研究进展

近年来恶性肿瘤的发病率及死亡率逐渐增高,发病趋势呈年轻化发展。随着化疗药物不断的研发应用,化学治疗已成为治疗肿瘤的重要手段之一。在临床治疗中铂类药物是最常用的细胞周期非特异性抗肿瘤药物,而铂类抗肿瘤药物结构上的相似性使得耐药性或交叉耐药性成为限制该类药物临床应用的主要障碍。因此,研究肿瘤铂类耐药的分子机制对于改善患者预后具有重要意义。LncRNA是目前生物学领域的研究热点,其在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、应激耐受及生理新陈代谢等方面起重要作用。LncRNA通过对靶基因的调控以及相关信号通路的调节与肿瘤耐药密切相关,其介导的生物学过程在癌症进展中具有核心地位。该文主要就LncRNA在铂类化疗药物耐药中的作用和机制进行了综述。     

紫杉醇、卡铂和5-氟尿嘧啶联合时辰化疗方案对转移或复发口腔鳞状细胞癌的疗效分析

目的 研究紫杉醇、卡铂和5-氟尿嘧啶联合时辰化疗方案和传统治疗方案对转移或复发口腔鳞状细胞癌的临床治疗效果.方法 对50例患有复发和(或)转移口腔鳞状细胞癌患者,采用紫杉醇、卡铂和5-氟尿嘧啶进行姑息化疗,根据给药时间的不同,将其分为传统化疗组(25例)和时辰化疗组(25例).对比2组患者治疗后的有效率、中位总生存率、中位无进展生存时间以及不良反应发生率.结果 在有效率以及中位总生存时间方面,时辰化疗组显著高于传统化疗组(P＜0.05).通过治疗后随访发现,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应发生率以及总不良反应发生率上,时辰化疗组均明显低于传统化疗组(P＜0.05).结论 采用紫杉醇、卡铂和5-氟尿嘧啶联合时辰化疗方案对转移或复发口腔鳞状细胞癌患者进行治疗,在提高治疗有效率、延长患者生存时间以及降低不良反应方面具有积极的意义.     

LncRNA与肿瘤铂类耐药关系的研究进展

近年来恶性肿瘤的发病率及死亡率逐渐增高,发病趋势呈年轻化发展。随着化疗药物不断的研发应用,化学治疗已成为治疗肿瘤的重要手段之一。在临床治疗中铂类药物是最常用的细胞周期非特异性抗肿瘤药物,而铂类抗肿瘤药物结构上的相似性使得耐药性或交叉耐药性成为限制该类药物临床应用的主要障碍。因此,研究肿瘤铂类耐药的分子机制对于改善患者预后具有重要意义。LncRNA是目前生物学领域的研究热点,其在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、应激耐受及生理新陈代谢等方面起重要作用。LncRNA通过对靶基因的调控以及相关信号通路的调节与肿瘤耐药密切相关,其介导的生物学过程在癌症进展中具有核心地位。该文主要就LncRNA在铂类化疗药物耐药中的作用和机制进行了综述。     

西妥昔单抗联合放化疗头颈部鳞癌后皮疹防治探讨

目前针对表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)设计的分子靶向药物西妥昔单抗是一种抗EGFR的IgG1单克隆抗体,它可特异阻断EGFR介导的信号传导通路,同时引起EGFR内吞与降解,并诱导抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒作用,杀伤表达EGFR的肿瘤细胞[1-2].大量循证医学研究资料表明EGFR分子靶向药物协同放疗和(或)化疗后明显提高局部晚期头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者及铂类治疗失败的复发或转移性头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者的生存期及生活质量[3-4].     

α-烯醇化酶在舌鳞状细胞癌患者顺铂化疗耐药中的作用及其临床意义

目的探讨α-烯醇化酶(α-enolase,ENO1)在舌鳞状细胞癌患者顺铂化疗耐药中的作用,及其与临床病理特征、预后的关系。方法选取接受过顺铂化疗的舌鳞状细胞癌患者石蜡标本87例,用免疫组化法检测舌鳞状细胞癌细胞中ENO1蛋白表达变化,分析ENO1表达与其临床病理特征的关系。对所有患者进行随访,采用Kaplan-Meier进行生存分析。结果顺铂处理后,舌鳞状细胞癌各细胞系中ENO1蛋白表达水平均升高。ENO1高表达与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移及复发相关(P <0. 05),与患者年龄、性别及分化程度无相关性(P> 0. 05);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,ENO1高表达患者的平均生存时间短于ENO1低表达患者(P <0. 05)。结论顺铂化疗诱导了舌鳞状细胞癌ENO1蛋白表达上调,升高的ENO1水平提示患者顺铂耐药、预后不良,这可以为临床使用顺铂提供重要的用药指导。     

大肠癌对铂类药物的耐药机制

铂类药物是大肠癌化疗常用的药物之一,但仍存在耐药问题而影响疗效,因此研究肿瘤细胞的铂类耐药机制是大肠癌治疗研究的热点,包括药物蓄积降低、DNA修复机制、形态学变化等.     

p53基因与肝癌耐药机制的探讨

p53基因是与化疗敏感性关联最高的抑癌因子,临床上很多化疗药物就是通过诱导p53依赖的细胞凋亡而发挥作用。肝细胞癌是一种容易对化疗药物产生耐药性的恶性肿瘤。本文从肝细胞癌的耐药机制、p53基因对肝细胞癌耐药机制的影响以及野生型p53基因诱导肝癌细胞凋亡及提高化疗药物敏感性三方面,探讨p53基因在治疗耐药型肝细胞癌上的应用前景。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.