盲肠结扎穿孔脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的相关研究

【摘要】目的 通过盲肠结扎穿孔脓毒症大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率的变化,探讨心肌细胞凋亡与心肌损伤的关系。方法 将40只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组（SH组,n=20）及脓毒症组（CLP组,n=20）,采用盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)制备脓毒症动物模型,24小时后,检测各组的血清脑钠肽(BNP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平。观察心肌组织病理变化、心肌组织TNF-α的表达水平及心肌细胞凋亡率。结果 CLP组出现明显的心肌损伤,CLP组血清BNP、cTnI高于SH组（P＜0.01）,心肌组织TNF α、心肌细胞凋亡率高于SH组（P＜0.01）。结论 心肌细胞凋亡在脓毒症心肌损伤发病机制中可能起着重要的作用。     

舒血宁对脓毒症大鼠心肌的保护作用

目的探讨舒血宁注射液对脓毒症损害的大鼠心肌是否具有保护作用。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、脓毒症组(CLP组)与舒血宁注射液组(SXN组),CLP组与SXN组采用大鼠盲肠结扎穿孔术制造脓毒症模型。SXN组于盲肠结扎穿孔术前1h经腹腔注射0.3ml/kg舒血宁注射液,Sham组和CLP组于相同时间点给予0.3ml/kg生理盐水。术后6h时经腹主动脉取血行肌钙蛋白T(TnT)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β检测;取部分心肌匀浆,制成10%心肌组织悬液,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量;部分心肌行H-E染色观察病理变化。结果与CLP组比较,舒血宁可显著降低CLP后血浆TnT、TNF-α与IL-1β水平以及心肌组织MDA含量,并使心肌SOD活性增强(P<0.05或0.01);组织学观察可见舒血宁可明显改善脓毒症组大鼠心肌充血、水肿及炎性细胞浸润等病理改变。结论舒血宁对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其对心肌氧自由基的清除作用及对炎性介质的影响有关。     

大黄素对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

目的 研究大黄素对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法 将50只淘汰剩余清洁级雄性SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组（脓毒症大鼠模型）、低剂量组（脓毒症大鼠模型,30mg/kg大黄素灌胃）、中剂量组（脓毒症大鼠模型,60mg/kg大黄素灌胃）、高剂量〖JP2〗组（脓毒症大鼠模型,90mg/kg大黄素灌胃）,每组10只,检测大鼠血流动力学指标和血清心肌酶,qRT PCR检测心肌组织中TNF α、〖JP〗IL 1β、IL 6 mRNA水平,试剂盒检测心肌组织中MDA、SOD、GSH PX水平,TUENL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,试剂盒检测心肌组织Caspase 3活性。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠MAP和LVSP降低,LVEDP、心肌酶水平升高,心肌组织中TNF α、IL 1β、IL 6 mRNA水平升高,SOD、GSH PX活性降低,MDA水平升高,心肌细胞凋亡率和C Caspase 3活性升高。与模型组比较,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组大鼠MAP和LVSP依次升高,LVEDP、心肌酶水平依次降低,心肌组织中TNF α、IL 1β、IL 6 mRNA水平依次降低,SOD、GSH PX活性依次升高,MDA水平依次降低,心肌细胞凋亡率和C Caspase 3活性依次降低。结论 大黄素通过减少心肌氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症因子水平可对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤起到保护作用。     

血必净注射液改善脓毒症大鼠心脏功能的作用

目的观察血必净注射液对脓毒症大鼠心脏功能的作用。方法将45只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、脓毒症模型组(CLP组)及血必净治疗组(XBJ组),每组15只。Sham组不结扎穿刺盲肠,余同CLP组;CLP组采用盲肠结扎并穿刺法造模;XBJ组造模后立即经阴茎静脉注射血必净注射液4mL/kg体重。12h后经右颈总动脉左心室内插管监测各组大鼠左心室功能变化,留取左心室心肌组织观察形态学改变,同时检测血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β的含量。结果①脓毒症状态下左心室收缩峰压(LVPP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室压力上升/下降最大速率(±dp/dtmax)均有不同程度改变,应用血必净注射液后可明显改善各项指标。②CLP组可见细胞变性、炎性细胞浸润,XBJ组上述改变减轻。③脓毒症状态下cTn-Ⅰ、TNF-α、IL-1β水平显著升高,应用血必净后明显降低。结论血必净注射液改善脓毒症状态下心功能障碍,其机制可能与减轻心肌损伤,下调TNF-α、IL-1β水平有关。     

施他宁联合血必净治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及其对患者血清细胞因子水平的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨施他宁联合血必净治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及其对患者血清白细胞介素10（IL 10）、白细胞介素18（IL 18）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF α）水平的影响。方法 选择2016年9月～2017年2月我院接诊的80例重症急性胰腺炎患者为研究对象,按照抽签法将患者分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予施他宁治疗,实验组在对照组治疗方案基础上联合血必净治疗。比较两组治疗中的临床症状减轻及恢复时间,血检结果,尤其是血清淀粉酶的指标恢复;另外,比较两组血清IL 10、IL 18、TNF α水平。结果 治疗前,两组血清淀粉酶、血尿素氮、血糖、白细胞记数,IL 10、IL 18、TNF α比较差异无统计学意义（P＞005）;治疗后,实验组总有效率高于对照组（P＜005）,血清淀粉酶、血尿素氮、血钙、血糖、白细胞记数治疗前后差值大于对照组（P＜005）。治疗后,两组血清IL 10显著上升,IL 18、TNF α显著下降,实验组IL 10、IL 18、TNF α治疗前后差值大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）。结论 施他宁联合血必净治疗能提高重症急性胰腺炎的疗效,能够有效恢复血清IL 10水平、降低血清IL 18、TNF α水平。     

盲肠结扎穿刺大鼠脓毒症模型改良

目的探索更符合临床脓毒症病生理机制的动物模型。方法将75只雄性sD大鼠随机分为CLP组、实验组及假手术组,每组25只,分别行假手术、盲肠结扎穿刺及改良盲肠结扎穿刺术。3组大鼠中各取5只,于术后12h无菌心脏采血2mL,进行细菌培养及鉴定。剩余大鼠分别于术后6h、12h、24h血清TNF—a和IL一6浓度,并观察大鼠死亡率。结果实验组大鼠血培养均为阳性,术后6h、12h、24h血清TNF—a和IL-6浓度均明显高于假手术组及CLP组（P〈0．01）。结论改良盲肠穿刺结扎术所致大鼠脓毒症模型由于传统CLP模型。     

风湿性心脏病患者外周血脂肪因子Chemerin与ILβ、IL-6及TNF-α表达的相关性

【摘要】 目的 探讨风湿性心脏病（Rheumatic Heart Disease,RHD）患者外周血脂肪因子Chemerin的表达与白介素 1β（Interleukin 1β,IL 1β）、白介素 6（Interleukin 6,IL 6）及肿瘤坏死因子 α（Tumor necrosis factor,TNF）表达的相关性。方法 选择2017年1月~2018年6月我院心血管内科收治的38例风湿性心脏病患者设为RHD组,选择同期37例正常健康体检者设为对照组,检测两组外周血清脂肪因子Chemerin和IL 1β、IL 6、TNF α水平,了解其与风湿性心脏病发病的相关性。结果 RHD组外周血脂肪因子Chemerin表达水平及IL 1β、IL 6、TNF α水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);RHD组外周血脂肪因子Chemerin表达水平与外周血IL 1β、IL 6、TNF α呈正相关关系(P＜0.01)。结论 风湿性心脏病患者外周血IL 1β、IL 6和TNF α升高及脂肪因子Chemerin表达增高与其发病相关,外周血脂肪因子Chemerin可能通过调节IL 1β、IL 6和TNF α的表达参与风湿性心脏病的发病。     

miR-487b/IL-33/ST2在脓毒症中的表达及意义

【摘要】 目的 探讨miR 487b/IL 33/ST2在脓毒症中的表达及意义。方法 选取2015年1月～2017年12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院ICU收治的80例脓毒症患者（脓毒症组）及同期行健康检查的80例志愿者（对照组）。ELISA检测血清白介素 33（IL 33）及生长抑素2（ST2）水平;qRT PCR检测血清miR 487b表达进行对比。选取成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠60只,随机分为空白组、假手术组、脓毒症模型组、脓毒症+IL 33组、浓毒症+miR 487mimics组、脓毒症+miR 487mimics+IL 33组,每组10只。RT PCR检测小鼠血清中IL 33、ST2、miR 487b、肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF α）及IL 6水平变化。荧光素酶报告实验验证miR 487b及IL 33相关性。结果 脓毒症患者血清IL 33、ST2明显升高,miR 487b下调（P＜005）;脓毒症小鼠血清IL 33、TNF α、IL 6上调,miR 487b下调（P＜005）,miR 487b表达恢复可部分逆转IL 33、TNF α及IL 6的上调。荧光素酶报告实验证实miR 487b可直接负向调控IL 33表达（P＜005）。结论 miR 487b可以负向调控IL 33/ST2信号通路,诱导TNF-α和IL-6表达降低,减轻脓毒症炎症反应,有望成为脓毒症治疗的新分子靶点。     

氧化苦参碱对脓毒症大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱（OMT）对脓毒症大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 采用盲肠结扎穿孔（CLP）法复制大鼠脓毒症动物模型.造模后将48只SD大鼠分为6组,即CON（假手术）组、OMT对照组、CLP（模型）组、CLP＋ OMT（52、26、13mg·kg-1）剂量组.采用BL-420生物机能实验设备检测大鼠心功能改变,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡指数（AI）,放射免疫分析法测定心肌组织匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNFa）蛋白含量的改变.结果 不同剂量的OMT能明显降低脓毒症大鼠的HR、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）,升高平均动脉压（MAP）、LVSP、±LVdp/dtmax（P＜0.05）,降低心肌组织匀浆中TNF-a蛋白含量（P＜0.05）及心肌细胞凋亡指数（P＜0.05）.结论 OMT（52、26、13mg·kg-1）能减轻脓毒症导致的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡现象,对抗由心肌细胞凋亡引起的心功能损伤.     

NEU-P11对脓毒症大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用研究

目的：研究NEU-P11对脓毒症大鼠心肌的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法：30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、脓毒症模型组（CLP组）和Neu-p11处理组,每组10只。采用盲肠结扎穿刺法制作脓毒症大鼠模型。术后6h收集血清,取心肌,检测血清中LDH、CK的活性,检测心肌组织中MDA、SOD的含量。结果：NEU-P11处理可明显改善脓毒症大鼠的心肌损伤,减少血清中LDH、CK 的释放和心肌组织中MDA的产生,增加心肌组织中SOD的含量。结论：NEU-P11对脓毒症大鼠心肌有显著的保护作用,可能与其能减少血清中LDH、CK 的释放和心肌组织中MDA的产生,增加心肌组织中SOD的含量有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.