氟哌啶醇对大鼠离体海马脑片和原代神经元缺糖/缺氧和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸损伤的保护作用

目的观察氟哌啶醇对大鼠离体海马脑片和原代神经元的缺糖/缺氧(OGD)和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA)损伤的潜在保护作用及其机制。方法海马脑片OGD以无葡萄糖的人工脑脊液中通95% N₂+5% CO₂诱导。通过测定TTC染色后形成的红色产物来分析脑片活性。结果氟哌啶醇(1和10 μmol·L^-1)抑制OGD损伤,抑制率分别为17.7%和25%,而D₂多巴胺受体拮抗剂多潘立酮无此作用。NMDA也能显著降低海马脑片及原代神经元的活性,而氟哌啶醇可抑制这一损伤作用。结论氟哌啶醇对大鼠离体海马脑片OGD和原代神经元NMDA损伤有保护作用。     

复方丹参浸膏中低聚糖成分的分离与结构鉴定

目的 研究复方丹参浸膏中的低聚糖化学成分。方法 采用固相萃取、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶色谱、亲水作用色谱（HILIC）-高效液相色谱（HPLC）-蒸发光散射检测器（ELSD）等技术,对复方丹参浸膏中的低聚糖成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱学手段进行结构鉴定。结果 通过方法优化,成功分离得到了5个低聚糖成分,通过波谱分析鉴定,5个低聚糖成分分别为α-D-吡喃半乳糖-(1→6)-α-D-吡喃半乳糖-(1→6)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-D-呋喃果糖（1）、α-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-呋喃果糖-(1→1)-α-D-吡喃半乳糖（2）、蔗糖（3）、果糖（4）和葡萄糖（5）。结论 化合物1、2为首次在复方丹参浸膏中分离得到。     

以OATP1B1/OATP1B3转运体为作用靶点的何首乌肝毒性成分筛选

目的 建立以有机阴离子转运多肽1B1（OATP1B1）和OATP1B3为作用靶点的何首乌肝毒性成分快速筛选方法。方法 使用Discovery Studio 2.5软件将何首乌主要单体成分（48个）与OATP1B1/OATP1B3蛋白进行分子对接,以OATP1B1和OATP1B3主要转运底物胆红素作为阳性对照,对目标化合物进行虚拟筛选;采用CCK-8法考察芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（AEG）、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（EG）、大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（PG）、2,3,5,4''-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（TSG）处理24 h后对人源肝永生化肝细胞HepaRG的毒性强弱,并采用实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）技术测定4种化合物对HepaRG细胞的OATP1B1和OATP1B3 mRNA表达量的影响。结果 与OATP1B1对接结果显示,polygonumnolide B3、cis-emodin-physcionbianthrones、polygonumnolide B2、大黄素甲醚-8-β-D-（6''-O-乙酰基）-葡萄糖苷、trans-emodin-physcionbianthrones、大黄素-3-甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、polygonumnolide B4、大黄酚-8-O-葡萄糖苷、EG、大黄素-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、AEG、大黄酚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄酸-8-O-葡萄糖苷高于胆红素打分值的80%,可被初步认定为潜在毒性成分;与OATP1B3对接结果显示,trans-emodin-physcionbianthrones、PG、polygonumnolide A4及虎杖苷高于胆红素打分值的80%,可被初步认定为潜在毒性成分。CCK-8实验进一步证实AEG、EG及PG均具肝细胞毒性作用,半数抑制浓度分别为16.10、49.43、69.44 μg·mL^-1,与分子对接结果一致。与对照组比较,AEG、EG均可显著下调OATP1B1的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）;PG可显著下调OATP1B3的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。结论 以OATP1B1/OATP1B3分子对接技术为切入点,可有效预测何首乌潜在肝毒性成分,实现快速高效的高通量筛选,为中药安全性评价提供新思路。     

HPLC法测定通乐颗粒中2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷

目的 建立测定通乐颗粒中2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Phenomenex C₁₈柱,检测波长为320 nm,流动相为乙腈-水（20∶80）,体积流量为1.0 mL/min。结果 2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在10～100 μg/mL与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r＝0.999 7）,平均回收率为99.74%。结论 本方法准确、简便、重复性好,可用于通乐颗粒中2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量测定。     

平消胶囊联合左甲状腺素钠治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床研究

目的 对狭叶薰衣草Lavandula angustifolia中的木脂素类化合物进行研究。方法 运用RP-HPLC、TLC、硅胶、凝胶、MCI-gel树脂等方法进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从狭叶薰衣草中分离得到11个木脂素类化合物,分别鉴定为松脂醇（1）、丁香树脂醇（2）、fraxiresinol-4''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（3）、syringaresinol-4''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（4）、8-hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（5）、rel-（2α,3β）-7-O-methylcedrusin（6）、落叶松脂醇-4''-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（7）、（2S,3R）-2,3-dihydro-2-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxybenzofuran-5-（trans） propen-1-ol-3-O-β-glucoside（8）、（7S,8R）-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-β-D-glucopyranoside（9）、（7R,8R）-7,8-dihydro-9''-hydroxyl-3''-methoxyl-8-hydroxymethyl-7-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-1''-benzofuranpropanol-9''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（10）、（E）-3-（（2S,3S）-2-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl） allyl-2-hydroxyacetate（11）。结论 11个化合物均首次从狭叶薰衣草中分离得到。     

基于体外Pig-a基因突变试验的大黄素型蒽醌致突变风险评价

目的 对相同母核结构的8种大黄素型蒽醌类化合物开展体外Pig-a基因突变试验，分析不同大黄素型蒽醌结构与致突变性的关联。方法 L1578Y细胞分别与系列浓度的大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚、大黄酸、羟基大黄素、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷作用4 h（有S9）或24 h（无S9），给药24 h后应用细胞计数板进行计数，计算细胞相对倍增速率（RPD）评价受试物细胞毒性；细胞表达8 d后经APC-anti-CD45和PE-anti-CD90.2标定后，使用流式细胞仪检测突变细胞（CD45^＋CD90^－）发生率。结果 所有受试物在有或无S9代谢活化条件下所设浓度组RPD均大于50%，未见明显细胞毒性作用，可排除试验中假阳性结果。在非S9代谢活化条件下芦荟大黄素25 μg·mL^-1组Pig-a基因突变率与溶媒对照组比较显著升高（P<0.001）； S9代谢活化条件下，与溶剂对照组比较，大黄素50 μg·mL^-1组，羟基大黄素6.25、12.5、25 μg·mL^-1组，大黄酚25、50、100 μg·mL^-1组和大黄酸12.5、25、50 μg·mL^-1组Pig-a基因突变率显著升高（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。结论 羟基取代基的多寡及所在位点是蒽醌类化合物致突变性强弱的决定性因素，其体内致突变性及致癌性作用仍需进行大量体内研究证实。     

HPLC测定安尔眠胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷

目的 建立安尔眠胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（C₂₀H₂₂0₉）的含量测定方法。方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,以Dionex Acclaim 120^® C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为分离柱,以乙腈-1%甲酸溶液（23：77）为流动相,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长320 nm,柱温25 ℃。结果 2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在0.010～0.200 μg呈现良好的线性关系（r=0.999 6）,平均回收率为97.35%,RSD为2.07%。结论 该方法<准确可靠,适用于安尔眠胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量测定。     

注射用丹参多酚酸治疗脑梗死急性期疗效及对Hcy、D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平的影响

目的 探讨注射用丹参多酚酸治疗脑梗死急性期患者的疗效及对同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、D-二聚体和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平影响。方法 选择2016年1月—2019年1月于安阳市第六人民医院收治的脑梗死急性期患者102例,随机分为对照组51例与治疗组51例。对照组患者常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联用注射用丹参多酚酸（100 mg+250 mL的0.9%氯化钠溶液中,静脉滴注,1次/d）。两组疗程均为2周,比较两组疗效,治疗前后日常生活活动能力指数（Balthel指数）评分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分和神经功能缺损程度评分（NIHSS评分）变化,血清Hcy、D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平变化及不良反应。结果 治疗组治疗总有效率（92.16%）高于对照组（70.59%）（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组Balthel指数评分和MoCA评分较治疗前升高,而NIHSS评分较治疗前降低（P<0.05）;治疗组Balthel指数评分和MoCA评分高于对照组,而NIHSS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清Hcy、D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平较治疗前降低（P<0.05）;且治疗组血清Hcy、D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 注射用丹参多酚酸治疗脑梗死急性期患者疗效良好,可降低Hcy、D-二聚体和hs-CRP水平,值得临床借鉴。     

复方木尼孜其颗粒联合依美斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床研究

目的 探讨复方木尼孜其颗粒联合依美斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年6月—2023年9月开滦总医院林西医院收治的慢性荨麻疹患者148例,依据用药情况将患者分为对照组（74例）和治疗组（74例）。对照组患者口服富马酸依美斯汀缓释胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。在对照组的基础上,治疗组口服复方木尼孜其颗粒,6 g/次,3次/d。两组用药15 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者症状缓解时间,荨麻疹活动度评分（UAS）和慢性荨麻疹生活质量问卷评分量表（GU-Q2oL）评分,血清白细胞介素-33（IL-33）、血清淀粉样蛋白（SAA）、D-二聚体（D-D）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组临床总有效率为95.94%,明显高于对照组总有效率（86.49%,P＜0.05）。治疗后,治疗组患者症状缓解时间均明显早于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者UAS评分和GU-Q2oL评分明显低于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且治疗组评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者血清IL-33、SAA和D-D水平明显降低,而INF-γ水平则明显升高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 复方木尼孜其颗粒联合依美斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹能有效改善临床症状,显著提升荨疫能力及生活质量,减弱机体内炎性反应。     

HPLC测定D-对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯中的手性杂质

目的 建立HPLC测定D-对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯中潜在的手性杂质[杂质1：L-对羟基苯甘氨酸,杂质2：L-对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯,杂质3：D-对羟基苯甘氨酸]的含量和限度。方法 采用Crownpak CR（-）手性色谱柱（150 mm×4.0 mm,5 μm）;流动相：高氯酸溶液（pH 1.7）-甲醇（90：10）;检测波长为226 nm;流速：0.7 mL·min^-1;柱温：25℃。结果 杂质1、杂质2和杂质3均在其定量限浓度~2.400 μg·mL^-1内线性良好（r分别为1.000 0,0.999 9,0.999 9）,平均回收率分别为99.97%,100.30%和103.18%,RSD分别为0.30%,0.64%和0.62%（n=9）。结论 该方法专属性强,准确、方便,可以作为D-对羟基苯甘氨酸甲酯中手性杂质1、杂质2和杂质3的液相分析方法。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

抗幽门螺杆菌活性挥发油的筛选、药效物质分析及其作用机制预测

目的 探讨抗幽门螺杆菌（HP）活性挥发油的药效物质,初步预测潜在活性成分及其作用机制。方法 微量稀释法（96 微孔板）测定丁香、广藿香、紫苏、牛至、枳实、厚朴、薄荷、肉桂 8 种挥发油对 HP 的抑制率,筛选出抑菌活性最强的 3种挥发油。气相色谱-质谱法联用（GC-MS）分析 3 种挥发油的化学成分,利用 TCMSP、Swiss Target Prediction、PubChem数据库获取 3 种挥发油主要活性成分及其对应靶点信息;网络药理学技术预测其潜在活性成分、相关通路及关键靶点;AUTO DOCK Vina 软件对核心成分及关键靶点基因进行分子对接,初步验证潜在活性成分及关键靶点。结果 广藿香、牛至和肉桂挥发油抑制 90% 细菌生长的最低药物浓度（MIC₉₀）分别为 0.250、0.250、0.125 μL·mL^-1,具有较强的抑菌活性;从以上 3 种挥发油中分别鉴定出 27、26、15 个化学成分,共筛选出 15 个活性成分,涉及 232 个基因靶点,影响了与抑制 HP相关的癌症通路、化学致癌-受体激活及 EGFR 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药性等 275 条信号通路;分子对接验证结果显示 3 种挥发油抗 HP 与 SRC 蛋白密切相关,15 个活性成分与关键靶点 SRC 的结合较为稳定。结论 广藿香、牛至、肉桂 3 种活性挥发油通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的形式发挥抗 HP 作用。     

化学—酶法立体控制合成光学纯L-羟基苯丙氦酸的新方法

Optically pure L-3(2-hydroxyphenyl) alanine(L-o-tyrosine ,Ⅲa,),L-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) alanine(L-m-tyrosine,Ⅲb )and L-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl )alanine(L-p-tyrosine,Ⅲc )were synthesized by the stereocontrolled amination of corresponding hydroxycinnamic acld(Ⅱ)catalyzed by L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL,EC4.3.1.5 )contained in Rhodoterula rubramycelium. The amination of compound Ⅱ was completed in aqueous ammonia solution( 6.4mol·L^-1,pH10.5, 30℃) with the conversion of 74.9%(Ⅱa),21.1%(Ⅱb)and 20.6%(Ⅱc)respectively.The absolute configuration of the products Ⅲa～c were confirmed by circular dichroism(CD),and chiral high-performance ligand exchange chromatography(HPLEC)showed that productsⅢ were optically pure L-isomers.     

Effect of bay K 8644, a calcium channel agonist,on dog cardiac muscarinic receptors

To investigate further whether the effects of the dihydropyridine (DHP) drugs on calcium channels are related to those of these drugs on muscarinic receptors, the binding characteristics of the DHP calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, on muscarinic receptors and calcium channels were compared to those of the DHP calcium channel antagonists, nicardipine and nimodipine in the dog cardiac sarcolemma. Bay K 8644, nicardipine and nimodipine inhibited the specific [³H]QNB binding with K _i values of 16.7μM, 3.5μM and 15.5μM respectively. Saturation data of [³H]QNB binding in the presence of these DHP drugs showed this inhibition to be competitive. Bay K 8644, like nicardipine and nimodipine, blocked the binding of [³H]nitrendipine to the high affinity DHP binding sites, but atropine did not, indicating that the muscarinic receptors and the DHP binding sites on calcium channels are distinct. The K _i value of Bay K 8644 for the DHP binding sites was 4 nM. Nicardipine and nimodipine (K _i :0.1–0.2 nM) were at least 20 times more potent than Bay K 8644 in inhibiting [³H]nitrendipine binding. Thus, the muscarinic receptors were about 4000 times less sensitive than these high affinity DHP binding sites to Bay K 8644. These results suggest that the DHP calcium agonist Bay K 8644 binds directly to the muscarinic receptors but its interaction with the muscarinic receptors is not related to its binding to the DHP binding sites on calcium channels.