酶法-超声提取黄精总黄酮及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究酶法-超声提取黄精中总黄酮（total flavonoids from Polygonatum sibirici,TFPS）的最佳工艺及总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。方法 以总黄酮含量为指标,采用单因素和正交试验对纤维素酶用量、乙醇浓度、液料比和超声时间进行考察,优化工艺条件并考察总黄酮对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基的清除能力和亚铁离子螯合活性。结果 最佳提取条件：纤维素酶用量为0.75%,乙醇浓度为40%,液料比为20 mL·g^-1,超声时间30 min,总黄酮含量为1.595%。体外抗氧化试验表明,黄精总黄酮对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基有很强的清除能力,IC₅₀分别为27.55,11.47 μg·mL^-1,对亚铁离子的螯合活性较强,IC₅₀为32.26 μg·mL^-1。结论 酶法-超声提取工艺具有提取效率高、稳定性及重复性好等优点,可用于黄精中总黄酮的提取,在该工艺下提取的总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

常山胡柚皮黄酮类成分指纹图谱与其抗氧化活性的谱效关系研究

目的 建立常山胡柚皮黄酮类成分的指纹图谱,并对指纹图谱特征指纹峰成分与其抗氧化活性进行相关性分析。方法 采用高效液相色谱法建立常山胡柚皮黄酮类成分的指纹图谱,采用DPPH清除氧自由基能力进行体外抗氧化活性研究,对指纹图谱中的特征指纹峰成分含量及其抗氧化活性进行多元线性回归分析,初步推断指纹图谱与抗氧化活性的谱效相关性。结果 胡柚皮提取物总黄酮成分、指纹图谱特征指纹峰成分（柚皮苷与新橙皮苷）的含量与其抗氧化活性之间存在显著的线性关系。胡柚皮提取物中柚皮苷含量与其DPPH自由基的清除率呈正相关（P<0.01）,而新橙皮苷含量与其DPPH自由基的清除率略呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 柚皮苷和新橙皮苷等黄酮类化合物可能是常山胡柚皮抗氧化作用的主要物质基础。     

正交设计优选白花蛇舌草总黄酮的提取工艺及体外抗氧化性考察

摘 要 目的：优化白花蛇舌草总黄酮的提取工艺,检测其体外抗氧化活性。方法: 采用HPLC法检测山奈酚的含量;采用UV法检测总黄酮含量;采用正交设计法,以山奈酚提取率、总黄酮提取率为评价指标,对白花蛇舌草总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化;利用水杨酸法和DPPH法分别检测甲醇提取物清除·OH和DPPH·的活性。结果:最佳提取工艺为10倍量80%甲醇,超声时间15 min;1 ml甲醇提取物对DPPH·和·OH的清除率分别为73.89%和91.27%。结论:该提取工艺稳定可行,可作为白花蛇舌草总黄酮的提取工艺;甲醇提取物对·OH和DPPH·具有一定的清除作用,为开发相关的抗氧化性产品提供参考。     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化翻白草总黄酮的提取工艺

摘 要 目的：运用Box-Behnken响应面法优化翻白草中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法: 在单因素试验基础上,以提取时间、乙醇浓度以及料液比为考察因素,以翻白草总黄酮提取率为评价指标,利用 Box-Behnken 响应面法优化翻白草中总黄酮的提取工艺。结果: 提取的最佳工艺为：提取浓度为70%的乙醇,每次120 min,液料比为8∶1 ml·g^-1时,黄酮的提取率最高,总黄酮提取率预测值为3.86%,测定值为3.74%,其间相差0.12%。结论:使用Box-Behnken响应面法优化翻白草总黄酮的提取工艺科学可靠,可用于翻白草总黄酮的提取生产。     

基于HPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术的玉米须总黄酮化学成分分析

摘 要 目的：采用高效液相色谱 四级杆串联飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)在正离子模式下对玉米须总黄酮中的化学成分进行分析和鉴定。 方法: 采用Kromasil C18色谱柱 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈(A)和0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 ml·min-1,进样量为10 μl,柱温为35 ℃。以电喷雾(ESI)离子源,在正离子模式下采集数据,通过分析质谱数据和元素组成,结合参考文献数据对照,分析鉴定化合物。 结果: 通过分子离子峰和二级高分辨质谱数据结合文献数据鉴定了玉米须总黄酮中的19个化合物,包括3个黄酮化合物,16个黄酮苷。 结论: 高分辨液质联用技术能快捷、有效地鉴定玉米须的总黄酮化学成分,可为玉米须的药效物质基础研究和质量控制提供参考。     

白子草总黄酮及总多糖降血糖有效部位的提取工艺研究

目的 研究建立白子草总黄酮及总多糖降血糖有效部位的提取工艺。方法 在单因素试验的基础上,考察提取次数、药材粒径、浸泡时间、料/液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间对白子草总黄酮提取率的影响,并通过L₉（3）⁴正交试验优化总黄酮最佳提取工艺;以前期研究为基础,结合L₉（3）⁴正交试验,优化总多糖最佳提取工艺。结果 白子草总黄酮最佳提取工艺为：药材最粗粉加20倍80%乙醇,浸泡0.5 h,回流提取2次,每次1.0 h;总多糖最佳提取工艺为：醇提后药渣加20倍纯净水,80℃回流提取2次,每次1.0 h。该条件下白子草总黄酮及总多糖提取率均大于80%。结论 本研究建立的白子草总黄酮及总多糖降血糖有效部位提取工艺稳定、重复性好,为白子草降血糖活性研究奠定了实验基础。     

紫锥菊花中药效成分的提取工艺及抗炎活性研究

目的 研究临沂引种紫锥菊花中药效成分的最佳提取工艺及其抗炎活性。方法 采用L₉正交试验法筛选,通过高效液相色谱仪,用提取物中菊苣酸含量为量化指标进行量化,确定最佳提取工艺。耳肿胀和足跖肿胀试验确定紫锥菊花的抗炎活性。结果 紫锥菊花中药效成分的最佳提取工艺为70 ℃时用20倍量 60%乙醇提取120 min提取2次,菊苣酸得率为2.34%。紫锥菊花的乙醇提取物在试验剂量表现出较好抗炎活性。结论 该方法提取紫锥菊的药效成分的工艺简便,污染少,可用于工业化生产。紫锥菊花的乙醇提取物具有较好的抗炎活性。     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化银线草中总黄酮的提取工艺

摘 要 目的： 通过Box Behnken效应面法优化银线草中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法: 以乙醇浓度(X¹)、液料比(X²)和提取时间(X³)为自变量,以银线草中总黄酮的提取量(Y)为因变量,利用Box Behnken效应面法优化银线草中总黄酮的提取工艺。结果: 银线草中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺参数为：乙醇浓度为54.8%,液料比为13.6,提取时间为2.0 h,通过3批验证提取工艺参数,银线草中总黄酮的提取量实测值与回归模型预测值的相对误差为-2.34%。结论:使用Box Behnken效应面法优化银线草中总黄酮的提取工艺,方法简便,精度更高。     

银杏叶提取物的药学研究进展

目的：对银杏叶提取物的研究趋势进行归纳和分析,为银杏叶的未来研究提供参考。方法：检索 “银杏叶”提取物已发表文献,委托国家图书馆进行已发表文献的专业检索,对文献中银杏叶提取物的药学研究趋势进行梳理归纳并分析。结果与结论：文献整理发现,银杏叶提取物在提取工艺方面,以乙醇提取后过大孔树脂柱处理的工艺应用最为广泛,提取效率也最高效。化学成分方面,主要有效成分为银杏黄酮和银杏内酯,主要毒性成分为银杏酸。药理作用方面,银杏叶提取物的主要功效是抑制血小板凝聚、抗氧化、抗炎、改善记忆、降血脂和心脑血管保护等,使用银杏叶提取物优于单独使用银杏黄铜或银杏内酯。安全性研究方面,银杏叶提取物总体使用安全,文献报道的热点集中在银杏酸的致敏性。 银杏叶提取物的质量控制关键是其活性成分银杏黄酮和银杏内酯,安全性控制关键在于银杏酸的限量。     

铁皮石斛叶总黄酮泡腾颗粒剂的制备与抗氧化活性研究

目的 获得铁皮石斛叶黄酮提取物泡腾颗粒剂的制作工艺并测定其抗氧化能力。方法 采取L₉(3⁴)正交设计法,以粒度、溶化时间为评价指标,考察乳糖的用量、柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠的配比、PEG6000的用量对泡腾颗粒剂影响,以最佳处方制备泡腾颗粒剂,并采用《中国药典》2015年版方法对其进行质量评价。采用NaNO2比色法测定制剂中总黄酮的含量。采用DPPH法测定制剂的抗氧化能力。结果 最佳处方为乳糖用量40%,柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠的配比1.3:1,PEG6000用量9%。所得制剂符合《中国药典》2015年版相关标准,其总黄酮含量为(1.29±0.08)mg·g^-1,DPPH清除能力的IC₅₀为(3.77±0.10)mg·mL^-1。结论 本论文将铁皮石斛叶黄酮提取物制备成吸收快、生物利用度高、便于运输携带的泡腾颗粒制剂,该制剂黄酮含量丰富,具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

包公藤甲素类似物的合成

包公藤甲素(简称包甲素)系从包公藤茎中分离的一个新生物碱,其结构为2β-羟基-6β-乙酰氧基-N-去甲托品烷(1),为一强效M-胆碱受体激动剂,已用于青光眼治疗。项中等已报道了不同的合成方法,合成品为外消旋体,合成步骤长、收率很低。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

国产醋酸甲地孕酮的质量研究:6-羟基-6-甲基-17α-乙酰氧基黄体酮差向异构体的分离与鉴定

用柱层析及薄层层析对国产醋酸甲地孕酮的杂质进行了分析,共分离出7个杂质点:Ⅰ₁,Ⅰ₂,Ⅰ₃,Ⅰ₄,Ⅰ₅,Ⅰ₆,Ⅰ₇,并对其中Ⅰ₃和Ⅰ₄进行分离纯制及光谱分析,确定其结构为6β-羟基-6α-甲基-17α-乙酰氧基黄体酮及其差向异构体6α-羟基-6β-甲基-17α-乙酰氧基黄体酮。本文报道了薄层层析条件(硅胶GF₂₅₄,展开剂:醋酸乙酯-甲苯=7:3)以及光谱鉴别的依据。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

β-丁香烯代谢产物和结构改造的研究

从β-丁香烯代谢产物中分离得到一种有药理活性的化合物,经光谱分析及化学反应证明其结构为β-丁香酮(8)。根据代谢产物的化学结构以及构-效关系理论,对β-丁香烯进行了结构改造研究,结果得到一种活性较强的半合成产物,为无定形长丝状物,其结构被鉴定为β-丁香烯醇(3)。药理实验表明化合物(8)及(3)对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌均有较强的松弛作用,化合物(3)还能明显抑制组织胺和乙酰胆碱诱发的豚鼠哮喘,其作用持久而毒性低,可望成为一种新型的平喘药物。     

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△4-雌甾烯-3酮的抗早孕作用

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△⁴-雌甾烯-3酮(简称7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮)对小鼠抗早孕ED₅₀分别为1.6和5.5 mg/kg。7α-甲-乙氧雌酮在大鼠也有抗早孕作用并使血浆孕酮浓度降低,应用10 μg/ml浓度能抑制离体妊娠大鼠卵巢孕酮合成。7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮与兔子宫胞浆雌二醇受体的相对结合亲和力(RBA)分别为10.8和1.5,与孕酮受体的RBA均<1.7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮都有较弱的雌激素和抗雌激素活性。     

7α和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-4-雌甾烯-3-酮的合成

由于7α-甲基或10β-乙酰氧基4(5)烯-3-酮雌(雄)甾化合物具有显著的抗着床或抗蜕膜活性,我们合成了既具有7α-甲基或7β-甲基又具有10β-乙酰氧基的两个新甾族化合物(1_a)和(1_b)。经药理试验表明(1_a)和(1_b)对孕鼠均有抗早孕作用。