室上性心动过速发作前后心率变异的观察

分析21例SVT发作前后5min心率变异性旨在阐明植物神经系统异常在SVT发作中的作用。结果显示SVT发作前SDNN明显降低,LF、LFP、LF/HF明显升高,HF、HFP明显降低,LF/HF与SVT持续时间呈正相关(r=0.54,P<0.05 。)提示SVT发作前交感-迷走神经平衡向着交感神经张力增高,迷走神经张力消退的方向偏移,使SVT易于发作和持续。     

老年人不同节段硬膜外阻滞的自主神经功能差异

目的在老年病人中比较下胸段和腰段硬膜外阻滞对自主神经功能的影响。方法选择在腰段硬膜外阻滞下行下腹部手术(A组)和下胸段硬膜外下行上腹部手术(B组)的老年病人各15名。监测心率变异性,低频(LF:0.03Hz-0.15Hz)反应副交感和交感活性,高频(HF:0.15Hz-0.4Hz)反映副交感活性。结果A组术前的LF为494.60±241.87,阻滞后下降到308.05±148.05(P<0.01),切皮时上升至392.43±205.23,而B组由526.90±397.77降至124.17±92.33和158.20±129.43(两者P<0.01)。LF/HF在A组由3.39±1.86下降至2.46±0.85和2.58±0.98(P<0.01),B组3.10±1.90下降至1.30±0.60和1.47±0.56(两者P<0.01)。HF和TP变化没有统计学意义。在B组中,反映交感活性的LF、LF/HF有统计学意义的抑制,同时心率明显下降(80.70±9.20降至68.40±7.40)。结论与腰段硬膜外相比,下胸段硬膜外阻滞在老年病人中更容易导致交感神经抑制,麻醉和术中注意提高交感神经活性。     

高血压患者心率与心率昼夜节律分析的意义

目的探讨高血压患者杓型心率、非杓型心率、静息心率、平均心率、夜间心率、日间心率的动态变化与心率变异的关系及对预后的影响。方法随机选取原发性高血压患者206例。按昼间均值-夜间均值/昼间均值≥10%者定为杓型心率组,10%者定为非杓型心率组。全部做24h动态心电监测,采集静息心率(RHR)、平均心率(RHR)、夜间心率(NHR)、昼间心率(DHR)、心率变异的低频(LF)、高频(HF)值以及SDNN,rMSSD,PNN50。结果杓型心率组心率变异昼夜比:夜间LF、HF明显高于昼间(p0.05),但LF/HF比值昼夜。非杓型心率组与杓型HR组比:昼间LF减低,夜间LF、HF均显著减低(p0.05),RHR、AHR、NHR均显著增高(p0.001,p0.01)。SDNN,rMSSD,PNN50均显著减低(p0.05,p0.005)。结论高血压杓型心率患者的心率加快是自主神经功能调节障碍所致,非杓型心率患者的心率加快是迷走神经功能过度抑制,交感神经功能过度激活的结果,提示自主神经功能严重受损,预后不良。     

4种不同体位对机械通气危重症患者中心静脉压的影响

【】目的 分析4种不同体位对机械通气危重症患者中心静脉压(CVP)测量的影响,并探讨平卧位与其他3种体位CVP间的定量关系。方法：采用前瞻性自身对照研究,选取45例机械通气危重症患者作为研究对象,分别测量研究对象平卧位(0°)、30°、45°和60°卧位时的CVP、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO₂)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)。采用重复测量方差分析和配对t检验比较不同体位CVP间的差异,采用简单回归分析方法探讨平卧位与其他卧位CVP间的定量关系。 结果：①平卧位、30°、45°和60°卧位CVP测量值分别为(10.71 ± 4.85)cmH₂O、(9.64 ± 4.93)cmH₂O、(9.11 ± 4.97)cmH₂O和(8.58 ± 5.06)cmH₂O,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②平卧位与30°卧位CVP间相关系数为0.99(P<0.01),线性回归方程为CVP_平卧=0.98*CVP_30°卧位 1.31；平卧位与45°卧位CVP间相关系数为0.99(P<0.01),线性回归方程为CVP_平卧=0.96*CVP_45°卧位 1.94；平卧位与60°卧位CVP间相关系数为0.98(P<0.01),线性回归方程为CVP_平卧=0.94*CVP_60°卧位 2.63。 结论：机械通气危重症患者测量体位角度越高,CVP值越低；平卧位与其他卧位间的CVP存在线性定量关系。     

慢性心力衰竭患者体重指数与运动耐量的相关性研究

  目的 探讨慢性收缩性心力衰竭（心衰）患者BMI与运动耐量的关系。方法 收集慢性收缩性心衰患者,计算BMI,心肺运动试验测定运动峰耗氧量（PVO₂）,公斤体重耗氧量（PKVO₂）,每搏耗氧量（VO₂/HR）和每分通气量/每分CO₂产生量（VE/VCO₂）。结果 273例慢性收缩性心衰患者中,消瘦者（BMI＜18.5 kg/m²）6例,体重正常者（BMI 18.5~<24.0 kg/m²）113例,超重者（BMI 24.0~<28.0 kg/m²）116例,肥胖者（BMI≥28 kg/m²）38例。肥胖组和超重组患者PVO₂显著高于消瘦组和正常体重组患者［（1077.2±30.9）、（1095.3±54.3）ml/min比（550.2±192.1）、（886.0±31.2）ml/min］,而PKVO₂和VE/VCO₂显著低于消瘦组和正常体重组［（14.6±2.2）、（16.5±0.5）ml·min^-1 ·kg^-1比（14.4±0.5）、（11.6±0.9）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 ,43.4±6.1、42.3±1.5比42.3±1.5、38.6±1.6,P<0.05］。在不同心功能状态下,单相关分析显示,BMI和PVO₂呈正相关（r=0.40, P<0.01）,与PKVO₂和VE/VCO₂分别呈负相关（r=-0.15、-0.25,P值均<0.01）。多元逐步回归分析显示,年龄、性别、BMI和LVEF是PKVO₂的独立影响因素,而年龄和BMI是VE/VCO₂的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 慢性收缩性心衰患者BMI与运动耐量显著相关,且是运动耐量的独立危险因素。     

老年糖尿病手术患者自主神经功能与无症状性心肌缺血的关系

目的探讨老年糖尿病(DM)患者手术前后心脏自主神经功能变化与无症状性心肌缺血(SMI)的关系。方法选择择期非心脏手术老年患者54例,其中非DM患者18例(NDM组),DM患者16例(DM组),DM合并SMI患者20例(SMI组)。监测3组患者心率变异性的变化,包括总功率(TP)、高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)、极低频功率(VLF)及LF/HF。结果与NDM组比较,DM组及SMI组术前TP、HF显著降低(P<0.05)。3组术后TP、HF、LF及VLF总的趋势是降低,其中SMI组下降最为明显。术后1天,SMI组TP、HF及VLF与术前比较明显降低,TP、HF、LF及VLF与NDM组差异明显(P<0.01,P<0.05),HF和VLF与DM组差异明显(P<0.05)。术后2天,除DM组LF外,3组TP、HF、LF及VLF分别与术前形成明显差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论DM患者合并有心脏自主神经病变,手术应激引起机体自主神经调节心脏功能的进一步紊乱,是造成DM患者围手术期SMI高发的重要原因。     

心得安改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定心率变异性的研究

探讨β受体阻滞剂心得安是否可以改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定的心率变异性(HRV)。将101例观察对象随机分为对照组(只使用心痛定,n=49)和试验组(使用心痛定和心得安,n=52),分别在服药前及服药后7～10天做24h动态心电图检测,分析HRV指标:正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、每5min平均RR间期的标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR之差的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻RR之差>50ms占总窦性心搏的百分数(PNN50)、低频(LF)、高频(HF)、低频和高频比值(LF/HF)。结果:对照组在治疗后心率(HR)加快,SDNN、SDANN显著降低(分别为105.2±31.8msvs126.9±32.0ms、98.9±20.1msvs107.9±19.8ms,P均<0.05),LF、LF/HF升高(分别229.3±77.1Hzvs196.1±64.8Hz、5.4±1.9vs3.8±1.8,P均<0.05),HRV降低;而试验组在治疗后心率无明显改变,SDNN、SDANN、LF、HF升高(分别为140.1±29.8msvs129.1±31.9ms、127.8±21.1msvs108.2±20.1ms、209.8±70.1Hzvs197.3±65.1Hz、148.5±48.8Hzvs123.5±41.0Hz,P均<0.05),LF/HF降低(P<0.05),治疗组HRV升高。结论:心得安能改善短效钙拮抗剂心痛定的HRV。     

倾斜试验中晕厥患者自主神经功能的变化

目的　运用频谱法研究直立倾斜试验中血管性晕厥的发生机制。方法　对 2 7例不明原因晕厥患者行直立倾斜试验 ,运用频谱法计算低频 (LF)、高频 (HF)及LF/HF的变化。结果　 15例发生晕厥或先兆晕厥 (阳性组 ) ,12例未出现症状 (阴性组 ) ,倾斜前两组LF、HF和LF/HF差异无显著性 ;阴性组倾斜后即刻HF明显下降 ,LF/HF显著升高 ,平卧后恢复到倾斜前水平 ,阳性组晕厥或先兆晕厥发作时 ,HF突然升高 (10 4 7± 4 0 4→ 32 95± 10 4 8) ,明显高于倾斜前 (2 3 4 4± 4 2 0→32 95± 10 4 8,P <0 0 5 ) ,LF/HF显著下降 (3 2 8± 0 39→ 1 0 7± 0 31,P <0 0 1) ,试验终止平卧后 ,HF和LF/HF恢复 ,两组LF在倾斜前后不同阶段均无明显变化。结论　在平卧、静息状态下 ,阳性患者和阴性患者的自主神经功能差异无显著性 ,倾斜后阳性患者迷走神经兴奋性在抑制过程中突然过度增强 ,导致晕厥或先兆晕厥发生。     

自主神经对心室晚电位各参数的昼夜影响

采用数字化Holter监测仪对 30例健康人进行连续监测 ,计算其心室晚电位 (VLP)及心率变异性 (HRV)指标的动态变化 ,以评价出两者之间的关系。所有健康受试者 ,均按立体正交导联方式佩戴 2 4h动态心电图 ,分别记录午夜 2时及下午 14时左右这两个时间点的VLP及HRV数值 :夜间LF 4 93.5 7± 15 6 .6 2ms2 ,HF 6 89.73± 172 .19ms2 ,LF/HF 0 .74 3± 0 .118,T QRS 10 0 .1± 12 .79ms ;白天LF 4 14 .75± 176 .6 1ms2 ,HF 318.5 1± 116 .6 1ms2 ,LF/HF 1.399± 0 .2 81,T QRS 90 .0 3± 9.70ms(P <0 .0 5 ) ,结果显示VLP与HRV均存在昼夜的明显变化 ,T QRS与HF在夜间均增高 ,白天均降低 ,且表现出明显的正相关 ;TQRS与LF/HF比值则表现出明显的负相关。结论 :VLP存在与自主神经相关的昼夜规律性变化。     

应用心率功率谱分析冠心病与冠心病伴糖尿病病人心率变异性改变

目的 :应用心率功率谱 (HRPS)分析单纯冠心病与冠心病伴糖尿病病人心率变异性 (HRV )改变 ,探讨冠心病伴糖尿病病人合并室性心律失常 (VA )者较无VA者HRV变化。方法 :观察单纯冠心病病人 46例 (A组 )、冠心病伴糖尿病病人 41例 (B组 )和健康人 68例 (C组 )HRPS改变 ,并观察B组病人中合并VA和无VA者HRPS变化。结果 :与C组比较 ,A组VLF、HF有显著性降低外 ,其余指标无意义。B组与C组比较 ,B组TP、VLF、HF有显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,LF/HF比值升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。B组与A组比较 ,B组TP、VLF、LF、HF均降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,LF/HF比值升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。B组中伴VA者与不伴VA者各项指标差异显著 (P<0 .0 1及P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :冠心病伴糖尿病病人HRPS显著异常 ,提示交感神经功能亢进 ,迷走神经张力减低 ,心脏自主神经失衡 ,可能与糖尿病性神经损害及心肌缺血程度有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.