血清FGF-23、Klotho水平与维持性血液透析患者腰椎骨密度的关系

目的 研究血清FGF-23、Klotho水平与维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis, MHD)患者腰椎骨密度的关系。方法 选择本院2017年9月～2020年9月收治的100例MHD患者作为研究对象,根据腰椎骨密度将患者分为正常组(T≥-1SD),骨量减少组(-2.5 SD0.05);正常组的女性占比显著低于骨质疏松组,透析时间显著短于骨量减少组和骨质疏松组,血红蛋白、总蛋白量显著高于骨质疏松组,肾肌酐清除率显著高于骨量减少组和骨质疏松组(P<0.05)。正常组的PTH、TRAP、BALP、BGP、FGF-23显著低于骨量减少组和骨质疏松组,Klotho显著高于骨量减少组和骨质疏松组(P<0.05);三组的血磷、血...     

IL-33与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的 探索血清白细胞介素-33(IL-33)与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定50例绝经后骨质疏松患者和50例正常绝经后妇女血清IL-33水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量患者和对照组的骨密度(BMD)。检测维生素D、钙、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,以及1型胶原C末端肽(CTX)和1型前胶原N端前肽(P1NP)等骨转换指标。结果 在绝经后骨质疏松症女性中,IL-33水平显著低于健康对照组[(3.53±2.45) pg/mL vs (13.72±5.39) pg/mL,P=0.007];Spearman相关分析表明血清IL-33水平与年龄、BMI、PTH、CTX和P1NP水平呈负相关,与腰椎BMD和股骨颈BMD呈正相关。多元回归分析表明,年龄、BMI、腰椎BMD、PTH、股骨颈BMD和血清CTX和P1NP水平是骨质疏松症患者血清IL-33水平降低的独立预测因子。结论 血清IL-33降低是绝经后骨质疏松患者股骨颈和腰椎骨密度降低和骨转换增速的危险因素。     

骨硬化蛋白水平与绝经后妇女体脂含量及骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨绝经后妇女血清骨硬化蛋白水平与体脂含量及骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)之间的相关性。方法 对230名年龄在50~75岁之间健康的绝经后妇女进行横断面研究。通过双能X射线吸收仪测量受试者全身、腰椎、左侧股骨BMD及全身脂肪和肌肉含量。通过定量夹心酶联免疫吸附法测量受试者血清骨硬化蛋白水平。结果 与非骨质疏松症的女性相比,骨质疏松女性血清硬化蛋白水平显著降低(P <0.05)。血清骨硬化蛋白水平与体重和脂肪量呈正相关(P <0.05)。即使在校正年龄、绝经年龄、身高和体重之后,骨硬化蛋白水平与全身及各个部位的BMD均呈正相关(P <0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,与年龄、绝经年龄、脂肪量和肌肉量相比,血清骨硬化蛋白水平是全身和腰椎BMD最重要的决定因素(P <0.05)。年龄与血清硬化蛋白对髋部BMD的影响相似。结论 在绝经后妇女中,骨质疏松症患者的血清硬化蛋白水平低于非骨质疏松症患者。血清硬化蛋白与全身、腰椎、髋部的BMD和体脂含量呈正相关。     

绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨密度和骨代谢指标测定

目的 探讨绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者骨密度(BMD)和骨代谢指标的变化.方法 采用双能x线骨密度吸收仪(DEXA)测定178例绝经前女性SLE患者以及60例正常对照组的腰椎、股骨颈的骨密度以及T值,血钙、磷浓度,血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、血清骨钙素(BGP)、尿I型胶原交联氨基末端肽(NTX)水平,并将SLE组患者分为SLE初诊组与治疗组,分别对其数据进行统计分析.结果 SLE初诊组的腰椎BMD,股骨颈BMD及T值,血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组均无明显差异,而腰椎骨密度T值、血清BGP较正常对照组低(P＜O.05);SLE治疗组的腰椎BMD、T值和股骨颈1值,血清BGP低于正常对照组,但股骨颈BMD、血清AKP、尿NTX较正常对照组差异未达统计学意义;SLE治疗组的腰椎、股骨颈BMD与T值均显著低于SLE初诊组.SLE组的骨质疏松及骨量减少率分别为6.74%、16.85%.结论 绝经前SLE患者较同年龄正常女性易发生骨质疏松,血清BGP和腰椎骨密度可能较早反映骨质疏松的发生.     

骨量减少或骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平与骨密度的联系

目的探讨50岁以上2型糖尿病患者伴有骨量减少或骨质疏松症血清视黄醇结合蛋白4 (retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与其他相关骨代谢指标之间的关系。方法 2016年4月至2017年8月在我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者(n=204例)入选本研究。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量BMD,分为正常骨密度组(110例)、骨量减少组(69例)和骨质疏松组(25例)。同时确定血清RBP4和其他生物标志物。结果与正常骨密度组相比,骨量减少和骨质疏松组患者血清RBP4、体重、钙和体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI)均与BMD呈正相关。相比之下,年龄、糖尿病病程和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)与所有测试部位的BMD呈负相关。在未调整的分析中,年龄、性别、糖尿病持续时间、ALP与股骨颈、髋部和腰椎BMD呈负相关,而体重、BMI和RBP4与所有部位的BMD呈正相关。在多元回归分析中,根据年龄、体重、BMI和其他骨骼相关因素进行校正,结果显示,在所有部位,血清RBP4与BMD之间呈逐级递增关系。结论与2型糖尿病患者的正常骨密度组相比,调整其他因素后,在骨量减少和骨质疏松症组中患者血清RBP4与所有部位的骨密度均呈正相关。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨硬化蛋白、PINP、CTX与骨密度相关性研究

目的比较绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松组、低骨量组、骨量正常组血清骨硬化蛋白(sclerostin,SO)水平,探讨SO与Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端(N端)前肽(procollagen typeⅠN-terminal propetide,PINP)、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(typeⅠcollagen carboxyterminal peptide,CTX)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的关系。方法比较绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松症组、低骨量组、骨量正常组3组间年龄、绝经年限、糖尿病病程、体重指数、股骨颈及平均腰椎BMD、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、25-(OH)D3、SO、PINP、CTX各指标的差异,并做SO与上述指标的单因素相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果 (1)骨质疏松症组年龄、绝经年限显著高于低骨量组、骨量正常组(P均=0.000),低骨量组明显高于骨量正常组(P=0.009、0.002);(2)绝经后2型糖尿病患者中25-(OH)D3缺乏113例(90.4%);(3)骨质疏松症组SO、PINP水平显著高于低骨量组、骨量正常组(P=0.000),低骨量组SO水平明显高于骨量正常组(P=0.045);(4)SO与PINP、年龄、绝经年限正相关(r=0.978、0.194、0.205),与股骨颈BMD、平均腰椎BMD、体重指数负相关(r=-0.518、-0.349、-0.249),多元线性回归分析显示SO与PINP呈正相关(β=7.015,P=0.000)、与股骨颈BMD呈负相关(β=-11.245,P=0.023)。结论 (1)绝经后2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松者SO水平明显增高,与PINP水平呈显著正相关,与股骨颈BMD呈显著负相关;(2)25(OH)D3在绝经后2型糖尿病患者中普遍缺乏。     

骨质疏松症患者骨密度与血清25羟维生素D的相关性研究

目的分析骨质疏松症患者骨密度与血清25羟维生素D的相关性。方法记录397例50~97岁患者的年龄,检测腰椎1~4、左侧股骨颈、左侧股骨上端的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),检测骨质疏松4项[甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、总I型胶原氨基端前肽(procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide,P1NP)、β胶原降解产物(beta collagen degradation products,β-CTX)、N端骨钙素(N end of osteocalcin,N-MID)]及血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]的水平,根据BMD水平将受试者分为骨量正常组(n=118)、骨量低下组(n=153)和骨质疏松组(n=126)。结果 (1)骨量低下组及骨质疏松组的BMD均明显低于正常骨量组(P0.01),骨质疏松组又明显低于骨量低下组(P0.01);(2)骨质疏松组25-(OH)D、PTH、P1NP、β-Crosslaps及N-CTX均明显低于正常骨量组(P0.01);(3)25-(OH)D与腰椎1~4、左侧股骨颈、左侧股骨上端的BMD、PTH、P1NP、β-CTX无相关性(P0.05),25-(OH)D与N-MID的相关系数为0.193(P0.01)。不同骨密度组间的25-(OH)D差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年人群普遍存在维生素D(vitamin D,VD)水平不足的现象,而骨质疏松症患者更为突出,其中VD严重缺乏和缺乏所占比例较大,为骨质疏松症的防治提供一定的数据参考,应注意加强宣教及防治。尚未发现25-(OH)D与骨密度之间存在着直接相关关系。     

骨硬化蛋白和dkk1与2型糖尿病患者骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨骨硬化蛋白和dkk1与2型糖尿病患者骨密度相关性。方法这项横断面研究包括190名患有2型糖尿病的住院患者。我们根据不同的BMD水平将患者分为三组(即正常骨密度组,骨量减少组和骨质疏松组),并测量血清中骨硬化蛋白、dkk1、25-羟基维生素D 3(25OHD3)的水平,每组的骨转换标志物和其他生化数据。结果在骨质疏松症组中发现血清骨硬化蛋白和dkk1水平显著增加,即使分别考虑男性和女性群组。回归分析表明,在调整年龄、性别和25OHD3后,血清硬化蛋白水平与骨质减少和骨质疏松症存在独立相关。BMD与血清骨硬化蛋白和dkk1水平呈负相关,与25OHD3呈正相关。此外,年龄、糖化血红蛋白和血清骨硬化蛋白水平是1型前胶原氨基末端前肽(N-propeptide of type 1 collagen,P1NP)的预测因子,血清dkk1水平是1型胶原交联羧基末端肽(C-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of type 1 collagen,1CTP)的唯一预测因子。结论骨硬化蛋白和dkk1水平随着骨质疏松症2型糖尿病患者BMD的降低而增加。     

输血相关铁蓄积患者骨密度分析

目的研究输血相关铁蓄积患者的骨密度,探讨继发性铁蓄积对骨代谢的影响。方法回顾性研究54例输血相关铁蓄积患者资料,检测患者每次输血前血红蛋白、红细胞压积以及相关生化指标,并检测研究结束时患者血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白以及腰椎和股骨颈骨密度。采用t检验、方差分析、卡方检验、Pearson或Spearman直线分析、多元逐步回归分析以及偏相关分析研究患者骨密度与铁代谢指标、血清生化指标的相关性。结果患者平均血清铁蛋白水平为1273.14 ng/ml,明显升高,平均腰椎和股骨颈骨密度T/Z值分别为-1.75和-1.48,低于正常人水平;将患者分为再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合征和原发性骨髓纤维化3组,3组患者腰椎和股骨颈骨密度以及骨量减少或骨质疏松症发病率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);将患者分为骨量减少或骨质疏松组和正常骨量组,骨量减少或骨质疏松组患者36例,占总数67%,与正常骨量组相比,这些患者年龄大,接受输血治疗的时间长,糖尿病发病率高,血清白蛋白低以及血清铁蛋白高和转铁蛋白低;相关分析提示腰椎或股骨颈骨密度与体重指数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白呈正相关(P0.05),与年龄、输血治疗时间、血清铁蛋白呈负相关(P0.05);进一步行多元回归分析提示,年龄和血清铁蛋白是影响腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的主要因素,进一步矫正年龄因素,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与血清铁蛋白呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.53和-0.40(P0.05)。结论输血相关铁蓄积患者存在骨密度降低,骨密度与体内铁蓄积水平呈负相关。本研究为继发性铁蓄积与骨质疏松研究提供了新的临床数据。     

尿戊糖素水平与绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨尿戊糖素水平与绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的相关性。方法选择2016年4月至2019年5月在我院就诊的骨质疏松症患者80例为观察组,同期在我院体检的健康绝经后妇女80名为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清尿戊糖素和骨代谢指标水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量各研究对象腰椎、股骨颈和Ward三角的骨密度。变量间的相关分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果骨代谢指标P1NP和β-CTX水平显示,绝经后骨质疏松症组骨转换较绝经后正常骨密度组显著增加(P0.05)。根据Spearman相关分析显示,血清尿戊糖素水平与BMD呈负相关;和P1NP和β-CTX水平呈正相关,但与甘油三酯、血糖和总胆固醇不相关。在校正其他因素后,多元回归分析结果表明,腰椎、股骨颈和Ward三角骨密度和血清P1NP、β-CTX是骨质疏松患者尿戊糖素水平的独立预测因子。结论尿戊糖素水平升高可能是绝经后骨质疏松症的潜在危险因素。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。