多囊卵巢综合征患者血清25(OH)D3与糖脂代谢的相关性研究

目的观察多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者血清25羟维生素D_3[25 hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D_3]水平,探讨PCOS患者维生素D对糖脂代谢的影响。方法选取2015年12月至2016年9月我院住院及门诊新诊断的70例PCOS患者及70例年龄及体重指数均匹配的健康对照者。根据BMI分为四组:超重/肥胖PCOS组(OW/OB+PCOS组)36例,非肥胖PCOS组(PCOS组)34例,超重/肥胖对照组(OW/OB组)37例,非肥胖对照组(NC组)33例。测定血清25(OH)D_3、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、性激素水平,采用稳态模型HOMA-IR指数评估胰岛素抵抗(Insulin resistance,IR)程度。结果 OW/OB+PCOS组25(OH)D_3、HDL-C均较OW/OB组显著降低,而TG、Fins、HOMA-IR均较OW/OB组显著增高(P0.05);(2)OW/OB+PCOS组25(OH)D_3、HDL-C均较PCOS组显著减低、而TG、Fins、HOMA-IR均显著增高(P0.05);(3)PCOS组25(OH)D_3、HDL-C较NC组均显著减低,而TG、Fins、HOMA-IR、LH、TES则均显著增高(P0.05);(4)相关分析示25(OH)D_3水平与BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG呈负相关(r=-0.208,P=0.034;r=-0.918,P=0.000;r=-0.799,P=0.000;r=-0.683,P=0.002),与HDL-C呈正相关(r=0.585,P=0.001)。结论 PCOS患者血清25(OH)D_3水平减低与肥胖和脂代谢紊乱密切相关。     

绝经后2型糖尿病妇女血脂水平和骨密度的关系

目的探讨绝经后2型糖尿病妇女血脂和骨密度改变的相关性。方法将290例绝经后2型糖尿病妇女按T值分成骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组;检测各组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C)以及腰椎骨密度(BMD),然后分析血脂和骨密度的关系;对骨密度和血脂、年龄、绝经年龄等变量之间的关系进行多元逐步回归分析。结果(1)绝经后2型糖尿病妇女的HDL-C与腰椎BMD存在负相关(r=-0.305,P=0.001),LDL-C、TG、TC与腰椎BMD无相关;(2)在校正体重指数、年龄和绝经年限影响因素后,绝经后2型糖尿病妇女的HDL-C与腰椎BMD仍存在负相关(r=-0.160,P=0.018),而LDL-C、TG、TC与腰椎BMD仍无相关。(3)在多元逐步回归分析中,HDL-C(β1=-0.199,P=0.005)仍与骨密度独立相关。结论绝经后2型糖尿病妇女的HDL-C与腰椎BMD存在负相关而TC、TG、LDL-C与腰椎BMD无相关。     

胰岛素抵抗指数与男性生殖激素水平及精液参数的相关性分析

目的:探讨胰岛素抵抗对男性生殖激素和精液参数的影响。方法:选择男性不育症患者83例作为研究对象。应用电化学发光法测定血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T);测定所有受试者空腹血糖(FPG)及空腹胰岛素(FINS)。用稳态模型评价胰岛素抵抗,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并根据HOMA-IR值(分别为0.36~0.55、0.56~0.80、0.81~1.97)将83例研究对象分为T1(n=27)、T2(n=28)和T3(n=28)3组。用计算机辅助精液分析系统(CASA)分析精液参数,分析HOMA-IR与男性生殖激素水平及精液参数的关系。结果:T1、T2、T3 3组间T分别为(14.26±4.27)、(14.75±5.00)、(11.62±3.68)nmol/L,前向运动精子百分率分别为(51.04±15.10)%、(48.04±16.24)%、(37.84±18.23)%,T1、T2组与T3组比较,有显著性差异(P均0.05)。相关性分析发现,FINS与血清T、前向运动精子百分率呈负相关(r=-0.327,P=0.003;r=-0.315,P=0.004);HOMA-IR与血清T、精液量、前向运动精子百分率呈显著负相关(r=-0.333,P=0.002;r=-0.23,P=0.029;r=-0.27,P=0.015)。精液量与血清FSH、T呈正相关(r=0.222,P=0.047;r=0.221,P=0.048)。多元线性回归分析发现,体质量指数(BMI)是精液量、精子总数的独立影响因素;HOMA-IR是前向运动精子百分率的独立影响因素。结论:男性胰岛素抵抗可通过血清T改变,进而降低精液质量。     

中老年2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者骨代谢指标变化研究

目的探讨中老年2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变与骨代谢指标β-CTX、PINP之间的相关性。方法选取遵义医科大学附属医院内分泌科2017年10月至2018年8月的2型糖尿病患者189例,基于患者有无合并周围神经病变进行分组,将患者划分为合并病变组(DPN组)和未合并病变组(NDPN组),两组分别为97例和92例。测定各组FPG、HbA1c、C肽、FIns、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、Ca、P、BMD(L2-L4、Neck、Troch、Ward’s三角)、β-CTX、PINP水平。结果与NDPN组比较,DPN组FPG、HbA1c、FIns、HOMA-IR、TG均高于NDPN组,而P、HDL-C、腰椎L2-L4、股骨颈Neck、Troch处BMD、β-CTX、PINP低于NDPN组(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,β-CTX与FPG呈负相关(r=0.484,P<0.05);PINP与HDLC、P呈正相关(r分别为0.242、0.309,P<0.05),与HbA1c、HOMA-IR、股骨颈Neck呈负相关(r分别为-0.173、-1.460、-0.237,P<0.05)。结论DPN患者血清β-CTX、PINP水平降低,骨转换指标异常,可能具有更高的骨折风险。     

代谢综合征对老年前列腺增生患者临床病程进展各指标的影响

目的探讨代谢综合征对老年前列腺增生患者临床病程进展中各指标的影响。方法纳入我院2010年6月至2015年9月老年前列腺增生患者202例,患者的代谢指标包括胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C);前列腺增生评价指标包括血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积(PV)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),老年前列腺增生进展时间,按照入院诊断将患者分为单纯性前列腺增生组(90例)及合并代谢综合征的前列腺增生组(112例),根据患者的各项指标水平分组,分析各项指标对前列腺增生病程的影响。结果老年前列腺增生体积与HOMA-IR(r=0.498)、FPG(r=0.423)、TC(r=0.362)、TG(r=0.359)、LDL-C(r=0.374)、HDL-C(r=-0.356)进行相关性分析,显示前列腺体积与以上指标均具有相关性,多元回归分析显示患者的代谢综合征指标HOMA-IR、FPG、收缩压(SBP)、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C为老年前列腺增生的相关因子,其中HOMA-IR关系最密切。结论在各代谢性因素中,前列腺体积与胰岛素抵抗指数关系最密切,代谢综合征指标与老年前列腺增生症的发展具有密切相关性。     

性激素及甲状旁腺激素与老年男性骨转换生化指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨老年男性血清性激素及甲状旁腺激素与骨转换生化指标的相关性。方法:收集2011年5~6月在我院常规年度体检年龄≥60岁的老年男性465例,年龄60~93岁。测定血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG);血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、25-羟化维生素D3(25(OH)D3);骨转换生化指标(I型胶原羧基末端肽:CTX;骨钙素:OC;Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽:PINP);并计算游离睾酮(FT)、生物可利用睾酮(BT)、睾酮分泌指数(TSI)和游离睾酮指数(FTI);分析各指标与老年男性骨转换生化指标的相关性。结果:老年男性血清FSH、LH、SHBG水平随年龄增加而升高,而FT、BT、TSI、FTI、PTH及CTX、OC和PINP随增龄呈下降趋势,80岁以后下降较为显著(P0.05)。PTH与CTX、OC和PINP均呈正相关(r=0.227,0.269,0.162;P0.01),校正年龄因素后,相关性仍然存在;SHBG与OC负相关(r=-0.100,P0.05)。各骨转换指标随PTH四分位水平升高而增加,第一分位与第四分位之间均存在显著差异(P0.01)。多元逐步回归结果显示,年龄与CTX、OC和PINP负相关(β=-0.126,-0.141,-0.122;P0.05),PTH与CTX、OC和PINP正相关(β=0.196,0.279,0.189;P0.001),SHBG与OC负相关(β=-0.100,P0.05)。结论:增龄是老年男性骨转换减低的根本原因,血清PTH和SHBG水平与骨转换生化指标相关。     

儿童原发性肾病综合征血清胆红素水平及其与血脂、血尿酸等相关性分析

目的:探讨儿童原发性肾病综合征(PNS)血清胆红素水平变化情况及其相关影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年01月~2015年01月在我中心初诊为PNS的患儿共156例,测定其血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、血尿酸(SUA)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、血清肌酐(Scr)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24-UP)等指标,以同期在我院进行健康体检的儿童160例为对照组,进行血清胆红素水平调查及相关因素分析。结果:1.PNS组平均TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平明显低于对照组(P=0.000;P=0.000;P=0.000);PNS组中,男性与女性儿童之间平均TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平无明显差异(P=0.178;P=0.886;P=0.068);各病理类型中,MCD的平均TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平最低,但与其它病理类型相比,无显著差异(P0.05);2.PNS组的TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平与Alb水平呈显著正相关(P=0.000;P=0.000;P=0.000),与HDL-C水平呈显著正相关(P=0.048;P=0.040;P=0.038),与TC水平呈显著负相关(P=0.006;P=0.035;P=0.011),与LDL-C水平呈显著负相关(P=0.028;P=0.049;P=0.044),与24-UP水平呈显著负相关(P=0.011;P=0.047;P=0.017),与SUA、Scr、TG、Lp(a)、Hcy无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:PNS患儿平均TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平明显低于健康儿童,TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平与Alb、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、24-UP水平存在显著相关性,血清胆红素水平可反应PNS患儿临床表现的轻重程度。     

血清脂肪因子-CTRP3水平与绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的 观察血清脂肪因子-CTRP3水平与绝经后妇女骨密度的相关性。方法 选取2016年7月至2017年8月在我院就诊的192名绝经后女性,检测其CTRP3和骨钙素的血清水平。使用双能X线骨密度仪检测股骨颈和腰椎的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。结果 骨质疏松患者血清CTRP3水平[(75.5±20.6) ng/mL]低于对照组[(88.7±21.8) ng/mL](P＜0.001)。同时,在血清CTRP3的三分位数中,骨质疏松症的频率显著降低(66.6％、53.4％和35.3％,P＜0.001)。此外,血清CTRP3与骨质疏松症风险较低相关[校正比值比=0.975,95％CI(0.962～0.987),P＜0.001]。最后,在所有参与者中,血清CTRP3水平与调整后股骨BMD(r=0.423,P＜0.001)、腰椎BMD(r=0.358,P＜0.001)和HDL-C(r=0.123,P=0.014)呈正相关。同时,CTRP3与HOMA-IR(r=-0.127,P=0.005)和胰岛素(r=-0.187,P＜0.001)呈负相关。结论 血清CTRP3水平降低与绝经后女性骨密度降低密切相关。     

绝经后女性雌二醇水平与膝骨性关节炎的相关性研究

目的研究绝经后女性雌二醇水平与膝骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)发病严重程度的相关性。方法选择121例绝经后女性膝骨性关节炎患者作为试验组,根据膝关节X线平片Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级将其分为轻度组(35例)、中度组(44例)及重度组(42例)。选择35名健康查体的正常绝经后女性作为对照组。所有受试者均采集空腹血液测定血清雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、总胆固醇(triglyceride,TC)、低密度胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG);试验组人员采用联影X射线成像系统(u DR)行膝关节平片,采用飞利浦3.0 T磁共振IngeniaⅡ行膝关节磁共振T2mapping成像,并用WOMAC评分量表行膝关节功能评定。所得数据采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 (1)绝经后KOA组的E2水平显著低于正常组的E2水平(P=0.000)。(2)KOA组随病变严重程度增加,血清E2水平下降,WOMAC评分及T2值升高;血清E2水平与WOMAC评分及T2值均呈显著负相关(r=-0.651、-0.501)。结论绝经后女性KOA患者雌二醇水平与KOA严重程度呈负相关。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者Irisin水平分析

目的通过检测绝经后初诊2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)不同骨量人群血清中鸢尾素(Irisin)、25羟维生素D[25-hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH) D]水平,初步探讨其在绝经后初诊糖尿病患者骨量流失过程中的作用及意义。方法选取在遵义医科大学院附属医院内分泌科住院的绝经T2DM女性病人150例,根据骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)分为T2DM骨量正常组(A组,50例)、T2DM骨量减少组(B组,50例)、T2DM骨质疏松组(C组,50例),收集同期医院体检中心相匹配的绝经后健康女性体检者为正常对照组(NC组,50例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,Elisa)测定所有受试者血清Irisin水平。运用Pearson相关分析绝经后T2DM合并骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)患者血清Irisin与25(OH) D的相关性;通过Logistic回归分析绝经后T2DM病人骨密度的影响因素。结果 A组与B组相比,BMD(Neck,L1～4)、Irisin升高,LDL-C、FINS、Hb A1c、FPG、HOMA-IR明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0. 05); Pearson相关分析显示,Irisin与Hb A1c、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C均呈负相关,与BMD(Neck、L1～4)、25(OH) D呈正相关。结论血清中Irisin、25(OH) D水平随着骨量流失而逐渐减低,推测其可能共同参与了绝经后女性发生糖代谢紊乱及骨量流失的过程。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.