阿奇霉素经 TLR-4／NF-κB信号通路干预COPD大鼠炎症的机制研究

目的：探讨阿奇霉素通过TLR‐4／NF‐κB信号通路干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠炎症的机制。方法36只SD大鼠分为健康对照组、模型组、阿奇霉素组。模型组及阿奇霉素组采用烟熏联合气管内滴入脂多糖1个月建立COPD大鼠模型。阿奇霉素组烟熏前30 min给予50 mg／kg阿奇霉素灌胃,健康对照组及模型组给予等量生理盐水。1个月后,处死大鼠,苏木素‐伊红（HE）染色观察肺组织病理形态;ELISA法检测肺组织匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子‐α（TNF‐α）、IL‐1β、IL‐6水平;RT‐PCR检测Toll样受体4（TLR4）及核因子‐κB（NF‐κB）、磷酸化p65（pp65） mRNA表达;Western blot检测 TLR4、pp65、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP‐2）及MMP‐9表达水平。并对大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液进行细胞分类和计数。结果与模型组比较,阿奇霉素组能改善肺组织形态,降低中性粒细胞数（P＜0．01）,减少肺组织匀浆中 TNF‐α、IL‐1β、IL‐6、MMP‐2及MMP‐9的分泌（P＜0．01）,并抑制TLR4表达及pp65（P＜0．01）。结论阿奇霉素能通过TLR‐4／NF‐κB信号通路干预COPD大鼠炎症。     

IL-8和IL-10在慢性阻塞性肺病中的表达及阿奇霉素对其的影响

目的 探讨白介素8(IL-8)和白介素10(IL-10)在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)血清中的表达及阿奇霉素对其的影响.方法 COPD急性加重期住院患者50例,随机分为常规治疗组(25例)和阿奇霉素治疗组(25例).另取10例健康者为正常对照组.分别采集入院时、治疗后第8天外周血,取血清用ELISA测定IL-8和IL-10水平,观察两组临床疗效及肺功能.结果 常规治疗组有效率68%,阿奇霉素组有效率92%,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05).治疗后阿奇霉素组FEV1.0、FEV1.0/FVC均高于常规治疗组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).治疗后,阿奇霉素组IL-8低于常规治疗组,差异无显著性;IL-10高于常规治疗组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 阿奇霉素可能通过启动机体免疫机制,释放炎症抑制因子,抑制气道炎症反应.     

Toll样受体2、4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路及相关分子在COPD发病机制中的作用及临床意义

目的 探讨Toll样受体2、4/MyD88/NF κB信号通路及相关分子在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发病机制中的作用及临床意义。方法 选取2017年1月～2018年12月南充市中心医院呼吸内科治疗的112例COPD患者为研究对象,根据疾病进展分为急性加重期组（n=52）与稳定期组（n=60）,并选取同时段于该院健康体检者为对照组（n=68）。应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测3组外周血单个核细胞（PBMC)中TLR2、TLR4、MyD88、NF κB mRNA表达水平,采用ELISA法检测3组血清中IL 1β、IL 10、TNF α、CRP及sICAM 1等炎性因子表达水平。选取急性加重期患者外周血进行全血培养,分别用生理盐水（NS）、脂多糖(LPS)、LPS +TLR4Ab、肽聚糖（PNG）、PNG+TLR2Ab处理,检测PBMC中mRNA及血清炎性因子表达水平。结果 急性加重期组患者TLR2、TLR4、MyD88、NF κB mRNA水平及血清中IL-1β、IL 10、TNF α、CRP、sICAM 1等炎性因子显著高于稳定期组和对照组,稳定期组患者各mRNA水平及血清炎性因子水平高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。NS对照组的各mRNA水平及血清炎性因子水平显著低于其他4组（均P＜0.05）;单独经LPS处理后各mRNA水平及血清炎性因子显著增加,且经过LPS+TLR4Ab处理后,各mRNA水平及血清炎性因子显著降低（均P＜0.05）;单独经PNG处理后各mRNA水平及血清炎性因子显著增加,经PNG+TLR2Ab处理后各mRNA水平及血清炎性因子显著降低（均P＜0.05）。结论 COPD患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体2、4/MyD88/NF κB信号通路处于活化状态,可促进下游炎性因子释放,参与COPD炎症过程。     

冬凌草甲素抑制NF-KB、p65活化对糖尿病肾病幼龄大鼠肾损伤和免疫紊乱的影响

【摘要】目的 探讨冬凌草甲素(Ori)对糖尿病肾病(DN)幼龄大鼠的保护作用。方法 将50只SPF级大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、DN+ Ori (5mg/kg)组、DN+ Ori (10mg/kg)组及DN+ Ori (20mg/kg)组5组,每组10只,采用高脂喂食结合化学诱导法建立糖尿病大鼠模型。留取24h尿液检测尿蛋白含量,取血检测血清肌酸酐(SCr)和尿素氮(UN);苏木精 伊红(HE)和末端标记法(TUNEL)染色观察肾脏病理情况;Western blot检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase 3)、Caspase 9、B细胞淋巴瘤因子2(Bcl 2)和Bcl 2相关X蛋白(Bax)及核因子κB p65(NF κB p65)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白2(MIP 2)的表达; ELISA检测血清中炎症相关因子白介素4(IL 4)、IL 6、IL 10和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF α)的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,冬凌草甲素能降低模型大鼠尿蛋白、血清肌酐和尿素氮的含量(P＜0.05);改善肾组织病理损伤、降低细胞凋亡率(P＜0.05);下调Caspase 3、Caspase 9和Bax表达,上调Bcl 2表达(P＜0.05);抑制促炎因子IL 6和TNF α表达,增强抗炎因子IL 4和IL 10表达(P＜0.05);抑制炎症通路蛋白NF κB p65和MIP 2的蛋白表达(P＜0.05)。结论 冬凌草甲素通过抑制NF κB p65的活化而缓解糖尿病肾病大鼠肾损伤和免疫紊乱。     

TLR4表达水平与COPD大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞合成分泌功能的关系

目的 探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)合成分泌功能的关系.方法 建立大鼠COPD模型,HE染色判定模型建立,免疫组织化学染色观察对照组与COPD模型组肺组织动脉平滑肌层TLR4的表达.分离培养鉴定原代PASMCs,脂多糖(LPS)、TLR4的特异性抑制剂TAK-242干预细胞,实验分组:空白组、LPS组、TAK-242组、LPS+ TAK-242组,Western blot检测各组PASMCs中TLR4的表达,ELISA法检测各组细胞培养上清液中Th1细胞因子干扰素(IFN)-γ、Th2细胞因子白介素(IL)-6及血小板衍化生长因子(PDGF)的浓度;并将TLR4的表达水平与上清液中炎性因子的分泌水平进行相关性分析.结果 COPD模型组大鼠肺组织动脉平滑肌层TLR4的表达明显高于正常大鼠;与空白组比较,LPS组PASMCs中TLR4的表达明显升高(P＜0.05);LPS组PASMCs中合成分泌IFN-γ、IL-6、PDGF的水平较对照组明显升高,TAK-242阻断TLR4,PASMCs中TLR4的表达明显降低(P＜0.05);细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ、IL-6、PDGF的表达水平较空白组明显降低(P＜0.05);TLR4表达水平与细胞培养上清液IFN-γ、IL-6及PDGF的浓度呈显著正相关性(r =0.95、0.87、0.83,P ＜0.05).结论 TLR4可能参与调控PASMCs的合成分泌功能.     

参苏饮对“肺气虚外感”小鼠肺组织BD-2、TLR4、NFκB p65蛋白的影响

目的:研究参苏饮对肺气虚外感小鼠肺组织BD-2、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白的影响。方法:将动物按体重随机分为空白组和模型组,用烟熏法建立小鼠"肺气虚外感"证模型,免疫组化(SP法)测定小鼠肺组织BD-2、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白的变化。结果:模型组小鼠肺组织中NF-κB p65、BD-2、TLR4蛋白的含量均显著升高(P0.05);全方组、益气解表组、止咳化痰组小鼠肺组织中NF-κB p65、BD-2、TLR4蛋白的含量均显著地下降(P0.05);全方组、益气解表组、止咳化痰组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:参苏饮能促进"肺气虚外感"小鼠肺组织BD-2、TLR4、NFκB蛋白的表达,提示参苏饮能够促进"气虚外感证"BD-2的表达与"TLR4-NFκB"信号通路有相关性。     

TLR4/NF-κB对哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的 探讨Toll样受体4(Toll like receptors4,TLR4)/核因子-κB(Nuclear Factor Kappa B,NF- κB)对哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响.方法 体外培养哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞,将细胞分为空白对照组、TNF-α组、(TNF-α+PDTC)组和(TNF-α+TLR4)抗体组.用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)微量比色法检测ASMCs增殖反应,用TUNNEL法检测ASMCs凋亡情况,用ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中NF-κB的蛋白含量,用RT-PCR、Westem blot检测各组细胞TLR4的mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 TNF-α组ASMCs的增殖反应与对照组相比增加,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),(TNF-α +PDTC)组、(TNF-α +TLP4)抗体组ASMCs增殖反应显著低于TNF-α处理组(P＜0.01),(TNF-α+PDTC)组与对照组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05),(TNF-α +TLR4)抗体组ASMCs增殖反应显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);TNF-α处理组细胞凋亡率与对照组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05),(TNF-α+PDTC)组和(TNF-α +TLP4)抗体组细胞凋亡率显著高于TNF-α处理组(P＜0.01)及对照组(P＜0.01);TNF-α组NF- κB含量显著高于对照组、(TNF-α+PDTC)组及(TNF-α+TLR4)抗体组(P＜0.01);(TNF-α +PDTC)组与(TNF-α +TLR4)抗体组之间差异无显著性(P ＞0.05);TNF-α组TLR4mRNA表达水平明显高于对照组及(TNF-α +TLR4)抗体组(P＜0.05);(TNF-α +TLR4)抗体组TLR4mRNA表达水平与对照组之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05);TNF-α组TLR4蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组及(TNF-α+TLR4)抗体组(均P＜0.01);对照组TLR4蛋白表达水平显著高于TNF-α+TLR4抗体组(P＜0.01).结论 TLR4可能通过NF-κB参与哮 喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖凋亡.     

雷帕霉素通过抑制TLR4、IL-6、PGE2表达促进口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞凋亡研究

目的 探讨雷帕霉素促进人口腔鳞状细胞癌SCC-15细胞凋亡是否与抑制TOLL样受体-4(TLR4)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、前列腺素E2(PGE2)表达有关.方法 培养人口腔鳞状细胞癌SCC-15细胞株,雷帕霉素干预后,CCK-8法检测SCC-15细胞活性,Hochest33342/PI双染检测SCC-15细胞凋亡,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测TLR4蛋白表达水平,ELISA法检测IL-6、PGE2表达.结果 雷帕霉素促进细胞凋亡,SCC-15细胞侵袭能力明显降低.雷帕霉素干预后,IL-6、PGE2水平降低,TLR4蛋白表达减少,与阴性组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 雷帕霉素促进人口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞凋亡可能与抑制TLR4、IL-6、PGE2表达有关.     

丹酚酸B对急性脑缺血小鼠TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的:探讨丹酚酸B对急性脑缺血小鼠的抗炎作用及Toll样受体4/核转录因子-κB(TLR4/NF-κB)信号通路的影响。方法:建立小鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型。造模后阳性组(尼莫地平30μg/kg)、丹酚酸B低剂量组(丹酚酸B 11.25 mg/kg)、丹酚酸B高剂量组(丹酚酸B 22.5 mg/kg)分别尾静脉注射给药1次,模型组和假手术组给予同等体积的生理盐水。造模后6 h,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法测定脑组织中IL-1β及TNF-α的含量,采用实时定量PCR法检测缺血侧脑皮层TLR4、NF-κBp65 mRNA的表达,采用Western blot法检测缺血侧脑皮层TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组均能显著降低小鼠脑组织中IL-1β、TNF-α含量(P0.01,P0.05);丹酚酸B高、低剂量组小鼠缺血侧脑皮层TLR4 mRNA、NF-κBp65 mRNA表达显著降低(P0.01,P0.05);丹酚酸B高剂量组小鼠缺血侧脑皮层TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达显著降低(P0.01)。结论:丹酚酸B可通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,降低TLR4和NF-κB相关基因蛋白的表达,减少炎症因子IL-lβ和TNF-α的含量,进而发挥抗脑缺血的作用。     

肝细胞癌NF κ-B表达与CT表现的相关性

目的 探讨核因子（NF κ-B）在肝细胞癌组织中的表达与CT影像特点间的关系。方法 收集华西医院有完整临床资料和全肝CT扫描图像并经手术完整切除的肝癌组织标本患者80例,采用免疫组织化学方法染色定量分析癌组织中NF κ-B表达情况和在不同的临床参数中表达的差异;再分别以肿瘤坏死、血供、瘤体直径和瘤周子灶的有无分四组,探讨NF κ-B表达量在不同CT影像特征中有无差异。结果 CT检测80例患者中肝癌细胞核内NF κ-B表达阳性有74例（92.5%）。肝细胞癌NF κ-B表达与临床参数,包括性别、肝炎病史无相关性,瘤体大小与NF κ-B表达无统计学差异。CT检测肿瘤血供、坏死及瘤周子灶的有无与NF κB表达相关（P＜0.05）,富血供肝细胞癌NF κ-B表达较乏血供者明显增高,而瘤体有坏死者较未发生坏死者低,瘤周出现子灶的病例NF κ-B表达也增高,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 肝癌血供、坏死及瘤周子灶CT影像特点与NF κ-B水平密切相关。瘤体血供丰富、瘤内无坏死、瘤周伴有子灶的肝癌组织NF κ-B表达水平明显增高,NF κ-B表达水平量可能与肿瘤的生物学特性,疾病的转归和预后相关,CT检测可为肝癌的治疗及预防评估提供重要依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.