儿童肥胖与代谢综合征及胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨儿童肥胖与代谢综合征以及胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选取肥胖儿童57例和正常体重儿童53例分别作为观察组和对照组．使其在性别和年龄方面具有可比性。测量两组儿童的体重、身高,计算BMI,测量儿童血压及腰围：行糖耐量试验,测定空腹血糖及餐后2h血糖;测定TC（胆固醇）、TG（甘油三酯）、HDL—c（高密度脂蛋白）、LDL—c（低密度脂蛋白）;计算两组儿童胰岛素抵抗指数。结果观察组儿童BMI、WC、FPG、2hPG、SBP、DBP、TG、LDL—c、FINS以及HOMA—IR均明显高于对照组,HDL—c水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。儿童BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、GLU、TG、LDL—c以及FINS与HOMA—IR呈正相关,HDL—c与HOMA—IR呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论相比正常体重儿童,肥胖儿童更容易伴随代谢异常,也更容易存在心血管疾病的相关危险因素,应加强对儿童肥胖危害的宣传,提高人们的认识程度,从而采取健康的生活方式,预防代谢综合征和胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

非肥胖2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗与脂代谢的关系

目的：研究非肥胖2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗与血脂代谢的关系。方法：测定72例非肥胖糖尿病患者及60例非肥胖正常人空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、体重指数（BMI）及脂代谢指标，并进行相关性分析。结果：（1）72例非肥胖糖尿病患者FPG、HbA1c、FINS、胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA－IR）明显高于正常对照组。（2）Pearson相关分析表明HOMA－IR与CHO、TG、LDL呈正相关。（3）逐步回归分析发现以HOMA－IR为因变量，CHO、TG、LDL为自变量，TG对HOMA－IR有影响。结论：高TG是非肥胖2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的特点，TG升高可作为非肥胖2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的独立因素。     

南充市顺庆区47898名城区居民血脂水平及影响因素调查

【摘要】目的 分析中青年男性非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)人群的体脂成分与血脂变化特点,探讨其危险因素。方法 收集2018年1月1日～2018年12月30日在南京鼓楼医院健康管理中心行人体成分分析检查的成年男性共 1184例。根据超声检查结果分为NAFLD组（n=481）和正常组（n=703）,并按年龄分为18～30岁,31～40岁,41～50岁,51～59岁4个亚组。比较两组的体脂及血脂、血糖、肝功能指标,分析NAFLD的有关危险因素。结果 同一年龄段中NAFLD组与正常组相比,体重指数（BMI）、体脂肪（BF）、体脂百分比（BFR）、内脏脂肪面积（VFA）、腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）、谷丙转移酶（ALT）、谷酰转肽酶（GGT）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、空腹血糖（FBG）均升高（P＜005）;正常组HDL较NAFLD组升高（P＜005）。不同年龄段的NAFLD的体脂肪指标比较差异无统计学意义（P＜005）。NAFLD的危险因素包括BMI、WC、WHR、BF、BFR、VFA、ALT、GGT、TG、TC、LDL、FBG,其中BMI、TG、LDL、FBG、BF、WHR为独立危险因素,HDL为保护因素。结论 中青年男性NAFLD的体脂与血脂等生化指标特点分别是肥胖、体脂肪增加、内脏脂肪增多、腰臀比增大及空腹血糖、谷丙转移酶升高,高甘油三酯、高LDL、低HDL,这一结果为早期筛查NAFLD提供了思路。     

不同人群血清抵抗素表达及影响因素的临床研究

通过观察不同人群中血糖、血压、血脂和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标与血清抵抗素的关系,探讨抵抗素与肥胖和2型糖尿病的关系。方法随机选择55例2型糖尿病患者和34例健康人,根据血糖水平和体重指数(BMI)分为正常体重组(A组)、单纯肥胖组(B组)、非肥胖糖尿病组(C组)和肥胖合并糖尿病组(D组)。检测血清抵抗素水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,根据HOMA模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数。通过分析各组抵抗素水平的不同及与临床各指标的相关性,分析其影响因素。结果D组的血清抵抗素显著高于A、B和C组(P值均＜0001)。B组和C组的血清抵抗素显著高于A组(P＜005,P＜001)。直线相关分析显示,血清抵抗素浓度与HbA1c、LDL、IRI、SBP和BMI成正相关(r=0222-　r=0233,　r=0286,　r=0407, r=0480),与HDL和FINS成负相关(r=-0198, r=-0138)。多元逐步回归分析显示,血清抵抗素浓度受BMI、HbA1c和收缩压影响较大。结论抵抗素是联系肥胖与2型糖尿病的信号分子,参与胰岛素抵抗和肥胖的发生。抵抗素不仅参与影响血糖和血脂的代谢,而且与高血压也有相关性。     

2型糖尿病与脂代谢异常的相关性研究

目的探讨新诊断2型糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）患者体重指数（body mass index,BMI）与胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance,IR）及血脂的关系。方法128名新诊断2型DM（T2DM）根据体重指数分为三组（肥胖组、超重组、体重正常组、）,测定三组受试者血糖、胰岛素及血脂水平,用HOMA模型公式计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。结果肥胖组HOMA—IR明显高于超重组及体重正常组（P〈0．001）,而超重组HOMA—IR亦高于体重正常的DM组（P〈0．01）;甘油三酯（TG）水平在肥胖组明显高于其他两组,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）则低于其他两组;随着BMI升高,血压有增高趋势。结论初诊肥胖及超重2型DM患者与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常、高血压相关。     

代谢综合征患者骨钙素水平及其相关因素研究

目的：探讨代谢综合征患者骨钙素水平与体质量指数、血压、血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数的相关性。方法：根据2010年中国2型糖尿病防治指南中代谢综合征的诊断标准,从代谢综合征人群中随机选取50例作为代谢综合征组（A 组）,从体检中心健康人群中随机选取30例作为对照组（B 组）,分别测定身高、体质量、空腹血糖（FPG）、甘油三酯（TG）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、空腹胰岛素（INS）、骨钙素（BGP）水平,分析骨钙素与体质量指数（BMI）、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、血压的相关性。结果：代谢综合征组（A 组）BGP 水平明显低于正常对照组（B 组）,两组比较有统计学意义。Pearson 相关分析表明,血清 BGP 水平与 BMI、SBP、DBP、FPG、HOMA-IR 呈显著负相关,与 TG 无明显相关性。多元线性回归分析表明,BMI、FPG、HOMA-IR、SBP 是 BGP 的独立影响因素,BGP 是 BMI、SBP 的独立影响因素。结论：骨钙素不仅与肥胖、糖代谢有关,而且与血压有关,可以作为代谢综合征的一个预测指标。     

新诊断2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝临床特征及胰岛素抵抗特点分析

目的探讨新诊断2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）临床特征及胰岛素抵抗（IR）特点。方法将符合标准的新诊断T2DM患者根据有无合并NAFLD分为NAFLD组140例与非NAFLD组60例。记录患者的身高、体质量、血压、血糖、血脂、尿酸、生化、肝酶等。计算患者体质量指数（BMI）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、胰岛素C肽指数（HO—MA—C肽）。比较两组指标特点。结果NAFLD组患者的BMI、空腹血糖（FBG）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、谷氨酰基转肽酶（GGT）及血尿酸（UA）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）高于非NAFLD组（P＜0．05）;与非NAFLD组比较,NAFLD组患者的空腹血浆胰岛素（FINS）、空腹C肽（FCP）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）及HOMA—IR、HOMA—C肽均明显升高（P＜0．05）;Logistic回归分析发现BMI、TG、GGT、uA是新诊断T2DM合并NAFLD重要的危险因素（P＜0．05,OR值分别为1．82、1．53、1．37、1．09）。结论肥胖、高尿酸血症、高TG血症以及GGT升高是新诊断T2DM发生NAFLD的重要危险因素。当新诊断T2DM同时合并NAFLD时,IR更加严重。     

单纯性肥胖儿童炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的临床意义

目的探讨单纯性儿童肥胖血浆中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor Necrosis Factora,TNF-α）的临床意义。方法将45例单纯性儿童肥胖设为观察组,40例正常儿童做对照组。检测两组儿童的TNF—α、血糖、血胰岛素和血脂等指标,并作对比分析。结果：观察组的肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、空腹总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油酯（TG）与对照组比较均明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;观察组TNF-α与体质量指数（BMI）、HOMA—IR、TC、TG均呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）,TNF—α与HOMA—ISI、高密度脂蛋白成负相关（P〈0．05）。结论单纯性儿童肥胖存在胰岛素抵抗,血浆TNF-α与单纯性儿童肥胖的BMI、胰岛素抵抗、TC、TG等指标密切相关。TNF-α可作为一个潜在性的临床判断单纯性儿童肥胖生物学指标。     

不同肥胖程度儿童血清Apo A5、SIRT4 水平 与糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的 探讨不同肥胖程度儿童血清Apo A5、人去乙酰化酶4（SIRT4）水平,以及与糖脂代谢 及胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法 选取2016 年1 月—2018 年8 月新乡市中心医院收治的肥胖儿童102 例作为 肥胖组,参照体重指数（BMI）将患者分为轻度肥胖组、中度肥胖组和重度肥胖组。同期于该院随机选取50 例健康体检儿童作为对照组。收集各组临床病历资料,分析肥胖儿童BMI 影响因素及肥胖儿童血清Apo A5、 SIRT4 与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗及BMI 的关系。结果 肥胖组BMI、腰围、臀围、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆 固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）高于对照组（P <0.05）, 高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、Apo A5 及SIRT4 水平低于对照组（P <0.05）;重度肥胖组和中度肥胖组BMI、腰围、 臀围、TG、TC、LDL、FINS 及HOMA-IR 高于轻度肥胖组（P <0.05）,且重度肥胖组高于中度肥胖组（P <0.05）; 重度肥胖组和中度肥胖组HDL、Apo A5 及SIRT4 水平低于轻度肥胖组（P <0.05）,且重度肥胖组低于中度 肥胖组（P <0.05）。多重线性回归分析显示,腰围、臀围、TG、TC、LDL、FINS、HOMA-IR 是影响儿童 BMI 的危险因素（P <0.05）,HDL、Apo A5 及SIRT4 是儿童BMI 保护因素（P <0.05）。肥胖儿童血清Apo A5、SIRT4 与BMI、FINS、TG、TC、LDL 及HOMA-IR 均呈负相关（P <0.05）,与HDL 呈正相关（P <0.05）。 结论 血清Apo A5、SIRT4 表达下调与儿童肥胖密切相关,早期检测可反映儿童肥胖程度及糖脂代谢紊乱和 胰岛素抵抗,从而为改善肥胖儿童预后提供指导。     

儿童肥胖伴黑棘皮症血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨单纯性肥胖伴黑棘皮症（acanthosis nigricans,AN）儿童血清脂联素（adiponectin,APN）水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法测定20例肥胖伴 AN 儿童（肥胖伴 AN 组）、24例单纯性肥胖儿童（单纯性肥胖组）及20例健康 儿 童（正常对照组）血清 APN、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose,FPG）、空腹胰岛素（fasting inslin,FINS）水平。以胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR）为评价胰岛素抵抗的指标,分析 AN 儿童 APN 与 BMI、HOMA-IR 的关系。结果①肥胖伴 AN 组 BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR 明显高于单纯性肥胖组和正常对照组（P ＜0．01）,FPG 相比差异无统计学意义。②肥胖伴 AN 组和单纯性肥胖组 APN 低 于 正常对照组（P ＜0．01）,肥胖伴 AN 组 低 于 单 纯性肥胖组 （P ＜0．01）。③APN 与 BMI（r ＝－0．271,P ＝0．003）、FPG（r ＝－0．222,P ＝0．014）及 HOMA-IR（r ＝－0．245,P ＝0．006）呈负相关。结论 AN 儿童血清 APN 水平明显降低,可能与肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.