大黄酚调控Wnt/β-catenin 通路对胶质瘤U87细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭能力及EMT 的影响

目的：探讨大黄酚调控Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路抑制胶质瘤细胞的作用机制。方法：体外培养人脑 胶质瘤细胞U87,用不同浓度（0、50、100、200 μmol/L） 的大黄酚处理后,采用CCK-8 法检测U87 细胞增 殖能力;划痕法检测细胞迁移能力;Transwell 法检测细胞侵袭能力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;蛋白质 印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2 以及Wnt 通路上皮细胞-间充质转化（EMT） 相关蛋白β-catenin、 E-cadherin、vimentin、MMP-9 蛋白表达。结果：大黄酚能抑制U87 细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,诱导凋亡（P＜ 0.05）,下调Bcl-2、β-catenin、vimentin 与MMP-9 的表达水平,上调Bax 与E-cadherin 的表达水平（P＜ 0.05）,并呈浓度依赖关系。结论：大黄酚能抑制胶质瘤细胞U87 增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,其机制可能与抑制 Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路有关。     

贝母素乙调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路减缓上皮-间质转化进程抑制人肺癌A549细胞侵袭及迁移的研究

目的探讨贝母素乙对人肺癌A549细胞侵袭及迁移的影响。方法采用终浓度为0、50、100、200μmol/L贝母素乙处理A549细胞,通过细胞侵袭实验、细胞划痕实验、实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)法、ELISA法及Western blotting实验检测贝母素乙对A549细胞侵袭、迁移的影响及潜在机制。结果与对照组比较,贝母素乙各浓度组的A549细胞穿膜数、细胞间划痕的愈合率及MMP-9、MMP-2表达显著下降(P0.01);与对照组比较,贝母素乙各浓度组的A549细胞E-cadherin m RNA表达明显增加(P0.01),而N-cadherin和vimentin mRNA表达均显著降低(P0.01);与对照组比较,除50μmol/L贝母素乙处理A549细胞24h后的FN蛋白表达无显著性变化外(P0.05),其余贝母素乙各浓度组在各时间点上的FN蛋白表达均显著下降(P0.05、0.01);与对照组比较,贝母素乙各浓度组的p-PI3K/PI3K、p-mTOR/mTOR值及100、200μmol/L贝母素乙组的p-Akt/Akt值显著下降(P0.05、0.01)。结论贝母素乙具有抑制A549细胞侵袭及迁移能力的作用,该作用与贝母素乙调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路活性进而减缓上皮-间质转化(EMT)进程有关。     

肺岩宁方调控MALAT1抑制A549肺癌细胞侵袭的机制研究

目的探讨肺岩宁方调控肺腺癌转移相关转录本1(MALAT1)抑制A549肺癌细胞侵袭的机制。方法向A549细胞转染LV-vector、LV-over/MALAT1慢病毒载体,应用肺岩宁方(0～500μg/ml)干预细胞,应用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)法检测MALAT1表达情况;应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测肺岩宁方对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响;细胞侵袭实验检测肿瘤侵袭能力;Western blot法检测Wnt/β-catenin/EMT信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果细胞侵袭实验结果显示,过表达MALAT1可增强A549细胞的侵袭能力,与正常对照组和慢病毒载体组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与正常对照组相比,肺岩宁方可抑制A549细胞侵袭,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),但过表达MALAT1后可减弱肺岩宁抑制细胞侵袭的能力。MTT结果显示,肺岩宁方可抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖,且呈浓度依赖性。qRT-PCR结果显示,肺岩宁方可下调MALAT1表达。Western blot结果显示,MALAT1可下调E-cadherin蛋白,上调N-cadherin、Snail及细胞核中β-catenin的蛋白水平,肺岩宁方能上调E-cadherin蛋白,下调N-cadherin、Snail及细胞核中β-catenin的蛋白水平,但过表达MALAT1可削弱肺岩宁对这些蛋白的调控作用。结论 MALAT1过表达通过激活Wnt/β-catenin通路,加速EMT进程促进A549肺癌细胞侵袭;肺岩宁方能够通过下调MALAT1,抑制Wnt/β-catenin/EMT信号轴,从而阻止A549肺癌细胞侵袭。     

连翘苷经PI3K/Akt信号通路干预肾细胞癌的机制研究

目的探讨连翘苷抑制人肾细胞腺癌786-0细胞生长、迁移及侵袭的作用机制。方法体外培养786-0细胞,在其中加入不同浓度连翘苷进行干预。MTT法检测细胞生存活力,AO/EB法检测细胞凋亡,划痕实验与Transwell实验分别考察细胞迁移、侵袭能力。Western blotting法检测细胞内PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、FOXO3a、p-FOXO3a、p21、p27、Fasl、Bim、MMP-2及MMP-9蛋白表达情况。结果连翘苷可有效抑制肾癌细胞生长、促进凋亡,干扰细胞周期,上调p21、p27、Fasl及Bim表达水平,与对照组比较差异明显(P0.05、0.01);与对照组比较,不同浓度连翘苷可明显抑制肾癌细胞迁移与侵袭,减少MMP-2、MMP-9合成(P0.05、0.01);同时连翘苷能明显抑制PI3K、Akt、FOXO3a磷酸化(P0.05、0.01),且呈浓度依赖性。结论连翘苷可通过PI3K/Akt信号通路调控786-0细胞凋亡与细胞周期、抑制肾癌细胞生长;同时连翘苷经PI3K/Akt通路可有效削弱肾癌细胞迁移与侵袭能力。     

臭牡丹总黄酮通过调控Wnt/β-catenin通路影响A549细胞上皮间质转化研究

目的探讨臭牡丹总黄酮对人肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用及其机制。方法将pcDNA3.1+空载体与S45位点突变的β-链蛋白(S45A-β-catenin)真核过表达载体转染A549细胞,给予臭牡丹总黄酮干预。MTT法检测细胞的相对存活率,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell小室侵袭实验检测细胞的侵袭能力,Western blotting法检测各组细胞β-catenin、上皮细胞钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)、转录因子Snail 2(Slug)、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)、p-GSK-3β的表达水平。结果转染S45A-β-catenin质粒后,A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力均明显增强,β-catenin、vimentin蛋白表达水平显著上调,E-cadherin、GSK-3β、P-GSK-3β蛋白的表达水平显著下调。臭牡丹总黄酮可抑制A549细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭能力,对转染S45A-β-catenin质粒组的细胞作用尤为明显。对转染空载质粒的A549细胞,可上调E-cadherin、GSK-3β、P-GSK-3β表达,下调β-catenin、vimentin表达;对转染S45A-β-catenin质粒的A549细胞,可下调β-catenin、vimentin表达。结论抑制细胞中β-catenin的高表达并调控下游的一系列因子,从而影响Wnt/β-catenin通路诱导的上皮间质转化(EMT)现象可能是臭牡丹总黄酮抑制肺癌侵袭、转移的重要作用机制之一。     

抑肺饮抑制肺癌转移的机制研究

【目的】 观察抑肺饮对肺癌细胞肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）-核转录因子kappaB（NF-κB）信号通路以及细胞上皮间质转化（EMT）的影响,探讨抑肺饮对肺癌细胞生长和转移的抑制作用及机制。【方法】 制备抑肺饮含药血清,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）实验、侵袭实验和迁移实验观察抑肺饮对肺癌细胞A549增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响。以TNF-α诱导A549细胞建立细胞EMT模型,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）法观察抑肺饮对细胞EMT的影响,采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western Blot）法观察抑肺饮对A549细胞中EMT标志物蛋白表达水平及NF-κB p65磷酸化水平的影响,采用荧光素酶报告基因实验观察抑肺饮对NF-κB启动子活性的影响。建立Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠模型,称瘤体质量,观察肺脏转移灶情况,采用免疫组织化学法检测瘤组织磷酸化 NF-κB p65 的表达水平,荧光定量 PCR 法检测瘤组织 B 细胞淋巴瘤-xL（Bcl-xL）、细胞周期蛋白 D1（CyclinD1）的mRNA表达水平。【结果】（1）抑肺饮含药血清能够抑制肺癌A549细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移能力;（2）抑肺饮含药血清能够上调上皮细胞标志物E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）的表达水平,下调间质细胞标志物波形蛋白（Vimentin）的表达水平,抑制NF-κB p65磷酸化水平和NF-κB启动子活性;（3）体内研究结果显示,抑肺饮高剂量组的瘤质量和肺转移率,瘤组织中NF-κB p65磷酸化表达水平,靶基因Bcl-xL、CyclinD1的mRNA表达水平显著低于模型组,且抑肺饮联合顺铂使用时抑制效果最佳。【结论】 抑肺饮可能通过干预TNF-α-NF-κB信号通路,调节细胞EMT,从而发挥抑制肺癌细胞增殖和转移的作用。     

百合总皂苷对肺癌细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭转移的作用及其初步机制研究

该文探讨百合总皂苷(TSLL)对人肺癌A549细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移及侵袭的潜在作用及其可能机制。采用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验及Ed U染色检测TSLL对A549细胞增殖的影响,Annexin V/PI双染法和Hoechst 33342染色法荧光显微镜观察TSLL对细胞凋亡形态的影响,Transwell迁移实验和Transwell侵袭实验分别检测TSLL对细胞迁移、侵袭的影响,Western blot法检测TSLL对肿瘤细胞内相关蛋白的表达变化。结果显示,TSLL干预肺癌A549细胞24,48或72 h均可显著抑制细胞生长,其IC50分别约为229,173,71 mg·L~(-1); TSLL可显著降低A549细胞克隆形成率; TSLL可浓度依赖性地降低A549细胞DNA合成率; TSLL可明显诱导A549细胞凋亡; TSLL可减少A549细胞迁移行为; TSLL可减少A549细胞侵袭人工基底膜;TSLL可显著下调肺癌A549细胞内PCNA蛋白的表达水平以及Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达水平比值,同时促进procaspase 3的激活,此外TSLL对EMT相关标志蛋白E-cadherin,vimentin的表达均无明显的影响。以上结果表明TSLL对肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭具有抑制作用,并且对细胞凋亡具有诱导作用。TSLL可通过下调PCNA的表达抑制肺癌细胞DNA合成,从而抑制细胞增殖。TSLL对肺癌细胞凋亡的诱导作用与其对Bcl-2,Bax蛋白的表达调控有关。此外,TSLL抗肺癌细胞侵袭转移作用与EMT无明显的关联性。     

肺岩宁方调控TGF-β介导的骨转移相关PTHrP/RANKL信号通路抗肺癌侵袭转移

目的:探讨肺岩宁方通过调控转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)介导的骨转移相关甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein,PTHrP)/NF-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor or activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)信号通路抗肺癌细胞侵袭转移的作用机制。方法:体外培养A549肺癌细胞,用不同终浓度肺岩宁方进行处理,未加肺岩宁方为空白组。分别采用cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)检测肺岩宁方对A549细胞增殖抑制作用,计算半数浓度抑制率(IC50);采用转移小室(transwell)侵袭实验、划痕实验检测肺岩宁方对A549细胞体外侵袭及迁移的抑制作用;以及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测TGF-β,PTHrP,RANKL蛋白表达。结果:肺岩宁方作用于A549肺癌细胞48 h后,与空白组相比,肺岩宁方(12.5,25,50 mg·L~(-1))组穿膜细胞明显减少(P0.05,P0.01);肺岩宁方(12.5,25,50 mg·L~(-1))组的划痕距离较空白组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01);且肺岩宁方(25,50 mg·L~(-1))组作用于A549细胞后,TGF-β蛋白表达明显下调(P0.05),其对应下游靶基因PTHrP及RANKL蛋白也发生明显表达下调(P0.05)。结论:肺岩宁方可抑制A549肺癌细胞的侵袭迁移能力,直接下调TGF-β基因及其下游靶基因PTHrP,RANKL蛋白表达,且具有浓度相关性。本研究证实了肺岩宁方通过调控TGF-β介导的骨转移相关PTHrP/RANKL信号通路,以达到抗肺癌侵袭转移的作用机制,这为肺癌临床靶向治疗提供了一定的实验依据,也显示了肺岩宁方作为抗肺癌侵袭转移药物广泛的应用前景。     

姜黄素通过调控TUFT1/AKT信号通路抑制肝细胞癌增殖、迁移及侵袭研究

目的:探讨姜黄素对肝细胞癌细胞系HCCLM3体外增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响及潜在分子信号机制。方法:利用不同浓度的姜黄素(0、30、60μmol/L对应为空白对照组、姜黄素处理组1、姜黄素处理组2)处理HCCLM3细胞,利用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞的增殖情况,利用Transwell法检测细胞的迁移及侵袭能力改变;利用姜黄素(0、60μmol/L)处理HCCLM3细胞,利用qRT-PCR及Western blot法检测细胞内TUFT1表达改变及AKT蛋白磷酸化。结果:MTT实验结果显示,相较于空白对照组,姜黄素处理组1及姜黄素处理组2的HCCLM3细胞增殖能力显著降低(P0.05)。Transwell迁移实验结果显示,相较于空白对照组,姜黄素处理组1及姜黄素处理组2的HCCLM3细胞迁移能力显著降低(P0.05)。Transwell侵袭实验结果显示,相较于空白对照组,姜黄素处理组1及姜黄素处理组2的侵袭能力显著降低(P0.05)。qRT-PCR实验结果显示,相较于空白对照组,姜黄素处理组2的HCCLM3细胞内TUFT1 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P0.05)。Western blot结果显示,姜黄素处理组2的HCCLM3细胞内TUFT1蛋白表达水平显著降低,AKT蛋白磷酸化显著降低(P0.05)。结论:姜黄素可能通过抑制TUFT1/AKT信号通路活化,发挥抑制肝细胞癌增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用。     

基于SDF-1/CXCR4信号轴研究肺复方对肺癌A549细胞侵袭能力的影响

目的观察肺复方对肺癌A549细胞侵袭能力的影响,从SDF-1/CXCR4生物轴调控角度探讨其作用机制。方法实验分为空白血清组(正常血清培养基)和肺复方低、中、高剂量组(分别加入5%、10%、15%肺复方药物血清培养基),各组加入基质衍生因子1(SDF-1)处理48 h,Transwell检测A549细胞侵袭能力,Westernblot检测A549细胞SDF-1特异受体CXCR4、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)、p-Akt、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测A549细胞E-cadherin、Vimentin和CXCR4基因表达。结果与空白血清组比较,肺复方低、中、高剂量组A549细胞体外侵袭能力明显下降(P0.01);与空白血清组比较,肺复方低、中、高剂量组A549细胞CXCR4、PI3K、Akt、p-Akt和Vimentin蛋白表达均有一定程度下降,E-cadherin蛋白表达上调,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),肺复方低、中、高剂量组A549细胞CXCR4、Vimentin mRNA表达下调,肺复方中、高剂量组A549细胞E-cadherin mRNA表达上调,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论肺复方能抑制A549细胞侵袭能力、上皮间质转化进程,其作用机制可能与SDF-1/CXCR4生物轴调控PI3K-Akt通路有关。     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

Correlation of Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Metabonomics

<正>In this issue,CHM published two reviews on drug metabolism of Chinese herbal medicines.Three key words have been found,they are metabolism,metabolomics,and metabonomics.As we known,drug metabolism is the biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances respectively by living organisms through specialized enzymatic systems,the rate of metabolism determines the duration and intensity of pharmacological responses     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆及脑中NO、Ach的影响

目的:观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的促学习记忆作用并初步探讨其机制。方法:采用Morris水迷宫法观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的学习记忆影响,并测定小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE、AChE的含量。结果:酸柏栀油软胶囊1.25～5 ml/kg能缩短小鼠登台潜伏期,增加穿越原平台次数,以中剂量作用最强;且登台潜伏期随训练时间的延长,各组作用均逐渐增强,d20的作用尤为明显。酸柏栀油软胶囊尚能增加小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE活性,降低AChE活性,也以中剂量作用为佳。结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆有促进作用,该作用可能与其富含不饱和脂肪酸,增加脑内NO、Ach的含量有关。     

鲜姜黄挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析广西产鲜姜黄挥发油的化学成分,为其利用提供科学依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鲜姜黄挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果:检出48个色谱峰,鉴定出48个化合物,占总挥发油的100%。结论:广西产鲜姜黄油的的主要成分是姜烯(16.25%),1,8-桉叶油素(13.52%),芳-姜黄酮(13.55%),姜黄酮(11.19%),β-倍半水芹烯(10.08%),表-α-绿叶烯(6.26%),芳-姜黄烯(5.43%),大根香叶酮(5.02%),γ-松油烯(2.38%),红没药醇(3.59%)。     

Isolation and structure of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C

Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C (2a, 2b, 2c) were found to be minor components of a temsirolimus preparation made from rapamycin. These three temsirolimus analogues are derived from the corresponding rapamycin analogues, homorapamycins A, B, and C (1a, 1b, 1c) produced by the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The structures of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C were determined by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for mTOR kinase inhibition and in two proliferation assays using LNCap prostate and MDA468 breast cancer cells. The results suggested that the mTOR inhibition and antiproliferation potencies for 2a, 2b, and 2c are comparable to those of rapamycin (1) and temsirolimus (2).     

Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G

The antimalarial activities of physalins B, D, F, and G (1-4), isolated from Physalis angulata, were investigated. In silico analysis using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) database predicted the antimalarial activity of each of these compounds, which were shown using an in vitro assay against Plasmodium falciparum. However, treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with 3 increased parasitemia levels and mortality, whereas treatment with 2 was protective, causing a parasitemia reduction and a delay in mortality in P. berghei-infected mice. The exacerbation of in vivo infection by treatment with 3 is probably due to its potent immunosuppressive activity, which is not evident for 2.